scholarly journals Detecting chronic kidney disease in diabetic adults by estimating glomerular filtration rate and Serum Creatinine

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Kh. Mohammed Almaawi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Kappa Index ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Qualitative Variables

Objective: To assess CKD prevalence and risk factors including socio-demography among diabetics by estimating GFR rather than serum creatinine (sCr). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Dec. 15 2019 through Aug. 15 2020, among 800 diabetics attending tertiary diabetes centers, Baghdad. Data was collected by self-administered questionnaire. SPSS was used for data analysis by (mean, standard deviation and T-test) for quantitative variables and (frequency, percentage, Chi-square test and Kappa index) for qualitative variables. P-Value less than 0.05 was considered significant.  Results: 800 diabetics for last 5-40 years, 95.6% with type2. Aged 52.1±13.2 years, with male: female ratio 1.03:1, 63.6% were with no income, sCr level was 0.86±0.3 mg/dl, and eGFR by Cockcroft Gault (CG) and CKD-EPI equations was 100.4±36.5 & 92.2±25.5 ml/min/1.73m2 respectively. CKD prevalence based on sCr, and eGFR assessed by above equations was 13.3%, 20% and 15.9% respectively (p<0.001). Those with CKD were hypertensive, females, and living in peripheries. Conclusions: Diabetic patients, mainly those with risk factors are more likely to develop CKD. It is better to detect CKD intially by estimating the GFR, rather than serum creatinine level alone. Furthermore, using CKD-EPI equation might be better than the CG formula to estimate the GFR.

scholarly journals Dyslipidemia in Newly Diagnosed Diabetic Patients With or Without Micro Albuminuria

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 129-132
Author(s):  
Naimatullah Khan ◽  
Javed Iqbal Khan ◽  
Tariq Mehmood ◽  
Aqeel Peter
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Chi Square Test

Objective: To assess the dyslipidemia in newly diagnosed diabetic patients and compare it with or without micro albuminuria. Study Design and Setting: Cross-sectional study at Department of Medicine, Military Hospital Rawalpindi from 01 March 2015 to 31 August 2015. Methodology: A total of 150 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included after taking informed consent and approval from hospital ethical committee. Blood sample was obtained from each patient and samples were sent to hospital laboratory and reports were assessed by pathologist. Presence or absence of microalbuminuria, trigiyceridemia (200-499 mg/dl), raised LDL-C (>160 mg/dl) and decreased HDL-C (<40 mg/dl) were noted by researcher himself on a pre-designed performa. The collected data was analyzed statistically by using SPSS version 12.Quantitative variables like age, TG, LDL HDL levels were presented in form of mean ± S.D. Qualitative variables like gender, diabetes mellitus, micro albuminuria and dyslipidemia were presented as frequencies and percentages. Chi-square test was applied to find association between dyslipidemia and micro albuminuria. P value = 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Mean ± SD of age was 47.97±7.08 years. Out of 150 patients 60% were male and 40% were female. Dyslipidemia was found in 42% patients. Highly significant association was found between dyslipidemia and micro albuminuria, i.e. (P=0.0001). Conclusion: The frequency of dyslipidemia among newly diagnosed diabetic patients with micro albuminuria was significantly higher than in subjects without micro albuminuria

scholarly journals Diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic aspects of uterine synechiae managed by hysteroscopy in the gyanecological endoscopic surgery and human reproductive teaching hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Etienne Belinga ◽  
Isidore Tompeen ◽  
Claude Cyrille Noa Ndoua ◽  
Junie Metogo Ntsama ◽  
Sandrine Mendibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Past History ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Preoperative Diagnostic ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Human Reproductive ◽  
History Of

Background: Uterine synechiae refers to a total or partial union of the inner walls of the uterus resulting from endometrial trauma. It is a cause of reproductive failure. Until now, synechia was not optimally treated and has remained understudied in Cameroon. Objective of present study was to Evaluate the diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic aspects of uterine synechiae treated by hysteroscopy.Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study with an analytical component from January 1st 2015 to July 31st 2017 at Yaounde. All patients diagnosed with uterine synechiae and treated with hysteroscopy were our sample. Sampling was consecutive. The chi-square test was used for the comparison of qualitative variables and Fisher's test for ANOVA variance analysis. The comparison of the averages was made by the Student's test. P-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: Hysteroscopies were indicated for uterine synechiae in 14.50%. Nulliparous were 56.67%. A history of curettage/aspiration was present in 66.66%. All of the patients had a form of infertility and 83.33% had menstrual disorders. Hysterosalpingography showed a better sensitivity (88%). After hysteroscopic treatment, 63.30% had a complete anatomical restitution. There is a significant correlation between the stage of severity of synechia and anatomical restitution (p=0.008; Spearman correlation coefficient=-0.477).Conclusions: Uterine synechiae represent one-sixth of all indications for hysteroscopy and present clinically as menstrual disorder associated with infertility. A past history of uterine curettage is common. Hysterosalpingography has a better preoperative diagnostic sensitivity. Hysteroscopy allows optimal treatment.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular determinants of renal dysfunction among children and adolescents in South West Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
A.A. Akinbodewa ◽  
O.A. Adejumo ◽  
A. Ogunleye ◽  
T.T. Oluwafemi ◽  
O.A. Lamidi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Renal Dysfunction ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: New evidences reveal significant association of cardiovascular risk factors to development of chronic kidney disease among children and adolescents but there is paucity of data from Africa. Objectives: We examined the association of cardiovascular risk factors to renal dysfunction among Nigerian pediatric subjects. Materials and method: This was a prospective, cross-sectional study of pediatrics aged 2 to 17 years. Blood pressure, body mass index, serum lipids and creatinine were determined. Their glomerular filtration rate was calculated using the revised Schwartz equation. Data was analyzed with SPSS 20. Test of association was by Chi square at P <0.05. Results: We studied 114 children and adolescents. There were 55 (48.2%) males and 59 (51.8%) females with mean age of 8.99±4.26 years. There were 68 (53.5%) children and 53 adolescents (46.5%). Four (3.5%) subjects had proteinuria ≥1+. Renal dysfunction (eGFR <60ml/ min/1.73m2) was found among 9 (7.9%) participants. Renal dysfunction was higher among children than adolescents (13.1% v 1.9%) (p = 0.027). The presence and clustering of risk factors were higher among subjects with renal dysfunction (p value 0.466, 95% CI 0.19-28.3). Low HDL-c (44.4%), prehypertension(22.2%) and overweight (22.2%) were the most prevalent risk factors among those with renal dysfunction. Only age demonstrated relationship to renal dysfunction in terms of mean difference (p value 0.007, 95% CI, 1.125-6.818). Conclusions: The prevalence and clustering of cardiovascular risk factors is higher among children with renal dysfunction. Age showed association  to renal dysfunction. Dyslipidemia and high body mass have propensity to influence the development of pediatric CKD. Keywords: Cardiovascular risk factors, renal dysfunction, association, pediatrics, Nigeria, Africa.

scholarly journals Stress Factors among Dental Postgraduate Residents of Lahore, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-15
Author(s):  
Fizza Tahir ◽  
Aleshba Saba Khan ◽  
Hina Zafar Raja ◽  
Hira Butt ◽  
Maila Habib Piracha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Hours ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
P Value ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Post Graduate ◽  
Case Presentations

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to identify the stress factors among dental postgraduate residents of Lahore, Pakistan. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted using non-probability convenient sampling techniques. Total 150 dental postgraduate residents were enrolled in this study. Questionnaire was composed of questions regarding stress factors and the influence of stressors on individuals. The data was analyzed; Chi-square test was used to find the statistical association of level of stress with the demographic factors (gender, marital status, and accommodation), professional characteristics (working hours and practice) and impact on the individuals (mood change, weight change and headache). The level of significance was set at P≤0.05. RESULTS: Total 150 individuals responded with a mean age of 29 years (SD +/-2.96). Male to female ratio was 1:2.5. The most prevalent factors that contributed to stress were post-graduate examination (81%), clinical case presentations (80%), competition for higher performance (61%), inconsistency of feedback by supervisors (59%), research program (55%) and fear of failure to treat patients (53%). More than half of the respondents (69%) suffered from mood swings and (65%) from tension headaches followed by clenching and bruxism in nearly half of the residents (50%), musculoskeletal problems (49%) and weight changes (48%) with p-value<0.05. CONCLUSION: Post-graduate examination, competition for higher performance and increased workload are the most common stressors. There is a need to come up with effective strategies in the postgraduate curriculum to tackle stress.  

Carotid Artery Stenosis in Diabetic Patients Presenting With Acute Ischemic Stroke

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahsan Ashfaq
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Carotid Artery Stenosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Artery Stenosis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Stroke is the commonest life-threatening neurological disorder. The Abnormal narrowing or stenosis of the Carotid Artery is a major determinant of ischemic stroke in diabetic patients. The main objective of study was to estimate the frequency of carotid artery stenosis in diabetic patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke. Methods: This was a Cross-Sectional study conducted at Medicine wards Jinnah Post-Graduate Medical Centre, Karachi from 5th December 2014 to 5th June 2015. Total 101 patients were included. During the hospitalization, patients were subjected to carotid Doppler ultrasonography to assess carotid artery stenosis. Patients were provided routine medical care during the hospitalization. Data was analyzed using SPSS v23.0. Chi-Square was used to analyze the differences between the categories. The p-value of <0.05 was considered as significance. Results: Total 101 patients were included in the study. There were 71.8% males and 28.2% females. The mean age was 53.7±10.2 years. On analysis of risk factors, it was observed that 59% patients had hypertension, 34.2% patients were obese, 34.2% patients had dyslipidemia, 51.3% patients had history of smoking. On analysis of carotid artery stenosis among the diabetics, it was observed that 20.8% diabetics had carotid artery stenosis. Conclusion: Stenosis of Carotid artery was common in patients suffering from acute ischemic stroke and diabetes mellitus. Among modifiable risk factor in patients with stroke having carotid artery stenosis, Hypertension was most common whereas fasting blood sugar FBS level greater than 100 g/dl lead to increased chances of having carotid artery stenosis.

Incidence and Risk Factors of Brucellosis in Kermanshah Province, Iran During 2010-2014

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-207
Author(s):  
Jalil Rajabi ◽  
Ramin Hamidi-Farahani ◽  
Feizollah Mansouri ◽  
Saeed Soleiman-Meigooni
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Vaccination History

Introduction: Incidence of brucellosis was growing up in Iran during the past years. Kermanshah province-west of Iran is one of the endemic regions of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of brucellosis in Kermanshah province during a recent five-year period. Methods: This study was an observational cross-sectional study performed on registries of the patients with brucellosis at the center for the zoonotic disease of Kermanshah University of medical sciences during 2010-2014. The data was collected using a questionnaire containing demographic data and the risk factor of brucellosis. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS-22 software using descriptive statistic, Chi-square, and student t-test. Results: The five-years mean incidence of brucellosis in our study was 46.5 in one hundred thousand, and male to female ratio was 1.37/1. The most common risk factors of brucellosis in our patients were unpasteurized dairy products’ consumption (47%) and occupational contact with livestock (14.4%). 84% of the patients were rural. The most common diagnostic method was the standard agglutination test within 1/160 and 1/320 titers. Conclusion: Risk factors of brucellosis in our study were like other studies, but in more than onethird of the patients, no risk factor was identified. Lack of livestock vaccination history and incomplete registered data about other possible transmission routes of transmission were the limitations of the study.

scholarly journals OCCUPATIONAL NOISE INDUCED HEARING LOSS: IT’S FREQUENCY & RISK FACTORS

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (Suppl-3) ◽  
pp. S607-11
Author(s):  
Muhammad Javid Iqbal Pattafi ◽  
Nazia Mumtaz ◽  
Ghulam Saqulain
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Noise Induced Hearing Loss ◽  
Occupational Noise ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio

Objective: To determine the frequency and risk factors of occupational noise induced hearing loss. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Dispensary Unit of Jaith Bhuta Sugar Mill near Rahim Yar Khan, Southern Punjab.from Aug 2017 to Jan 2018. Methodology: This study was conducted using nonprobability consecutive sampling. n=300 workers of bothgenders aged 18-40 years were assessed. Basic demographic parameters, otoscopic examination and Pure Tone Audiometry were used for data collection. The Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 21. Results: Study included 215 (71.7%) males and 85 (28.3%) females with male to female ratio of 2.53: 1 and meanage of 28.34 ± 4.61 years. The frequency rate of hearing impairment (HI) was 90 (30%) out of 300 respondents inthis study. Out of 70 (100%) of respondents were affected with duration of job of 6-10 years. There was significant association between gender, age, education, duration of noise exposure with occupational noise induced hearing loss with p-value <0.001. Conclusion: There was high frequency of occupational noise induced hearing loss (ONIHL) with significantrisk factors being level and duration of exposure to noise (ETN), age, gender, education and hearing protectivedevices (HPD)’s.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study of predictors of hypertension among tribal women in Western Maharashtra

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4365
Author(s):  
Shalini Rawat ◽  
Ashwini Yadav ◽  
Kamaxi Bhate
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Training Centre

Background: Hypertension is a major public health problem and also major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The prevalence and severity of hypertension increases with age, and it becomes difficult to control blood pressure with increasing age particularly in women. Thus present study aims to explores the risk factors contributing for hypertension among women.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the field practice area of Rural Health Training Centre of Community Medicine Department for one month duration September to October 2017. All the women reporting to general OPD for routine visit to RHTC were included. Informed consent was obtained. The participants who were already known hypertensives and were already on medication were excluded. Total 200 subjects were included in the study. Percentages, chi-square test and P-value were calculated using Epi Info software.Results: Out of total 200 women maximum were in the age group of 40-60 years (64%) followed by (22.5%)in  60-70 years. 40% of women were found to be  normotensive, 16%  were in stage one 12% were in stage two and 32% were showing elevated blood pressure. Hypertension was found to be significantly associated with modifiable risk factors like BMI, physical activity, waist circumference. 66.66% of women who were obese were found to be hypertensive. 91.91% of women who had family history of hypertension were themselves hypertensive and 97 (48.5%) women who had diabetes out of them 82.47% were both diabetic as well as hypertensive.Conclusions: Screening, detection and treatment of NCDs, are key components of the response to non-communicable diseases.

scholarly journals Risk factors of visceral leishmaniasis among residents of Baringo County, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 5251
Author(s):  
Emily G. Kiptui ◽  
Sabella J. Kiprono ◽  
Gladys J. Mengich
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
P Value ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: Leishmaniasis is protozoan disease, transmitted by Sandflies. The annual incidence of visceral leishmaniasis in East Africa is between 29,400 and 56,700 cases, accounting for approximately 15% of the global cases. Visceral leishmaniasis is endemic in Baringo County yet the current report on risk factor burden of the disease has not been documented. Objective was to assess risk factors associated with visceral leishmaniasis among residents of Baringo County, Kenya.Methods: Analytical cross sectional study design was conducted in Tiaty and Baringo south sub counties, Baringo County. The study population was 422 households selected through simple random sampling. The data collection tool were questionnaires. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, cross tabulations and chi square test of independence. Logistic regression was used to compute odds ratio. Variables with p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Findings showed that uneducated were majority (68%), higher number of the population had more than 6 persons per household (70.6%). On occupation, pastoralists were more affected (62.2%), those living in mud and cracked house were more (61.8%) (63.0 %) respectively p<0.01. Daily activity 35.24, p<0.01), sleeping under acacia tree 53.42, p<0.01), sleeping outside the house 112.7, p<0.01), and presence of ant hills nearby homestead 32.42, p<0.01) were individual risk factors significantly associated visceral leishmaniasis.Conclusions: The risk factors increased the exposure of the community to visceral leishmaniasis infection which needs to be addressed through control and prevention measures.

Frequency of Atrial Fibrillation and its Complication

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2989-2992
Author(s):  
Abdul Haadi ◽  
Sidra Ishfaq ◽  
Munazza Nazir ◽  
Syed M.Sajid Ali Bukhari ◽  
Muhammad Ishraf-Ul-Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: Evidence available on atrial fibrillation in Pakistan is not enough. Therefore, present study aims to determine frequency of atrial fibrillation and its associated complications. Place and duration of study: This cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Medicine, at SKBZ/AK CMH Muzaffarabad (Tertiary Care Hospital Muzaffarabad AJK) from July to December, 2019. Methodology: Total 1100 patients included for this study through non-probability consecutive sampling. Ethical approval and consent forms were taken. Patients were examined for atrial fibrillation through ECG. The patients who were confirmed as AF were detail examined and their cause and complications were noted down. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 24. One sample t test was used to predict AF in the population Chi-square test was applied. P value ≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: Out of 1100 patients mean age of patients was 43.4±12.7 years. The male to female ratio was 11:10. The atrial fibrillation was diagnosed in 250 (22.7%). In our population, at least 20% of the patients are having issue of atrial fibrillation with p value 0.016. The percentage of AF was higher in female 40.4% as compared to male 6.9%. Similarly the percentage of AF was higher in hypertensive patients (37.8%) as compared to non-hypertensive patients (12.3%). Conclusion:The prevalence of atrial fibrillation is moderately high in our data. Our sample results support the hypothesis that female are mostly with AF. Hence there is need to take measures to prevent them. Keywords: Atrial fibrillation, Causes of atrial fibrillation, Complications of atrial fibrillation

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