scholarly journals THEORETICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF THE MECHANISM PATTERNS OF THE MANMADE BASE “STRUCTURAL GEOTECHNICAL SOLID”

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Vladimir Travush ◽  
Viktor Fedorov ◽  
Oleg Makovetskiy
Keyword(s):  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Periodicity Cell ◽  
Deformation Characteristics ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Jet Grouting ◽  
Modulus Of Deformation ◽  
Transversally Isotropic ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
The Given

When building on weak water-saturated soils, manmade base in the form of a "structural geotechnical solid" are increasingly used. The article provides a theoretical substantiation for the use of a model of a transversally isotropic material  with the given deformation characteristics for the design of such structures. The problem of determining the radius of a rigid cylindrical element during its formation in an elastic-plastic porous medium under normal pressure of jet-grouting of soil is considered. A method is proposed for determining the effective modulus of deformation of a "structural geotechnical solid" with the allocation of a representative volume - a periodicity cell, within which the geometric averaging of deformation characteristics is performed depending on the volume contribution of its components. Analysis of the results of modeling the joint operation of the base-building system using the proposed base model showed the effectiveness of its application.

scholarly journals Theoretical substantiation of the layout decisions of station complexes of the underground of medium depth (up to 40 m) in the engineering and geological conditions of Saint Petersburg

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Ledyaev ◽  
Dmitry Boytsov ◽  
Natalia Ledyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Underground Structures ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Peripheral Areas ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
The City

The development of a modern city and the increase in the occupied territory also involves the improvement of its transport infrastructure. In accordance with the sectoral scheme of development of the subway of St. Petersburg and the current backlog of its implementation requires a new approach to the implementation of the plan for the construction of the subway network. This article proposes the concept of space-planning, structural and construction solutions for metro stations of the ring line, as well as for the peripheral areas of the city. Over the past 10 years, there has been a rapid increase in population and active high-rise development of all areas of the city, increasing congestion of both urban and suburban roads, which leads to inefficiency of public and individual transport. For a long time there has been a problem of unloading the existing subway lines and exceeding the uncovered areas by available types of urban passenger transport, the main of which is the subway. To meet the needs of the population in comfortable transportation with minimal time required a large-scale approach to the implementation of the long-term plan for the development of the subway. Engineering-geological conditions of St. Petersburg are characterized by great complexity in the design and construction of underground structures. Water-saturated unstable sandy-clay soils, often of a belt structure, serve as the host medium for the objects of the underground of small and medium depth. The thickness of Quaternary deposits within the city has a large difference of absolute marks and is characterized by great heterogeneity. Relatively favorable conditions for the construction of underground structures are the layers of Cambrian clays, the full capacity of which varies from 12–20 m to 95–126 m relative to the earth’s surface. The root soils are characterized by sufficient density and uniformity with low water flows and moisture, which led to the deep laying of the vast number of station complexes and distillation tunnels of the St. Petersburg metro.

Modeling a Weak Foundation in Interaction with Reinforced Sand Piles under a Low-Rise Building

2022 ◽  
Vol 906 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Tatiana Maltseva
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Sand Pile ◽  
Reinforced Sand ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
In Situ Experiments ◽  
Vertical Displacements ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
Sand Piles ◽  
Theory Of Viscoelasticity

One of the ways to increase the bearing capacity and stability of a water-saturated base by introducing a sand pile vertically reinforced along the contour with geosynthetic material (geogrid SSP 30 / 30-2.5) is experimentally substantiated. This constructive solution is used in low-rise construction. For the theoretical substantiation of the suggested method, it is proposed to model the interaction of a weak foundation and a reinforced sand pile on the basis of the linear theory of viscoelasticity. Calculation of vertical displacements of the pile and comparison with the results of in situ experiments is presented.

scholarly journals Investigation of the deformation characteristics of water-saturated coal samples with a hole for estimating the discharge of the reservoir during hydrolysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 00107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleh Usov ◽  
Yurii Poliakov ◽  
Liudmyla Andriievska
Keyword(s):  
Uniaxial Compression ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Deformation Curve ◽  
Central Hole ◽  
Deformation Characteristics ◽  
Power Dependence ◽  
Water Saturated

The deformation characteristics of the uniaxial compression of the same sample with a central hole at different humidity are presented. The sample was saturated with water under pressure through the hole. The deformation curve has the form of a one-term power dependence. Increasing the humidity by 2 % reduces axial stresses by 3.2 times, and the modulus of elasticity - by 2.5 times with the same deformation.

scholarly journals Thermal effect of carbohydrate dissolution in aqueous-organic media

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Yulia V Danilchuk
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Thermal Effect ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Logical Connection ◽  
Selective Crystallization ◽  
Temperature Dependences ◽  
The Given

This work is devoted to the theoretical substantiation of connection of temperature dependence of the solubility of carbohydrates with thermal effect of their dissolution in the water-containing organic solvents that is of great importance for optimization of the technology of their extraction from plant raw materials and further purification and separation by recrystallization. The dependence of the solubility of fructose, glucose, sucrose, and maltose in aqueous isopropanol and acetone at temperatures of 298 К (25 оС) and 275 К (2 оС) from water content in a solvent was studied. The constancy of the mechanism of solubility of carbohydrates in these environments in the given temperature interval is experimentally proved. For the first time based on the equation of Vant-Goff the logical connection of temperature dependence of solubility and thermal effect of solubility of carbohydrates is strictly grounded. The values of the thermal effect that are determined by the experimental data allow calculating the solubility of the studied carbohydrates in the aqueous–organic solvent of different concentration in the temperature range from 2оС to 25 оС.  It has been established that the main contribution to the thermal effect of dissolving carbohydrates is the hydration process. Solvation by molecules of organic solvent practically does not change the value of the specified thermal effect. The significance of determined temperature dependences of the solubility of fructose, glucose and maltose is shown to optimize the technological conditions for the separation of glucose-fructose and glucose-maltose syrups by selective crystallization. 

scholarly journals Исследование возможности измерения радиусов зеркал приборами с датчиками волнового фронта

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (10) ◽  
pp. 594
Author(s):  
А.А. Сахаров ◽  
Т.С. Пискунов ◽  
Н.В. Барышников ◽  
И.В. Животовский ◽  
Е.Е. Мухина ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Measurement Technique ◽  
Wavefront Sensor ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Prototype Device ◽  
The Given

AbstractA technique has been developed for measuring the radii of curvature of optical parts. A scheme of the device based on a wavefront sensor is proposed, which is characterized by a minimum measurement error. The theoretical substantiation of the measurement technique is given. A number of methods that make it possible to measure the radii of curvature of optical parts are considered. The reasons for an increase in the measurement error are analyzed. The results of measurements according to the given methodology with an original prototype device are considered.

THE NEW APPROACHES TO COMPREHENSION OF MEDICALIZATION IN INTERNATIONAL SOCIOLOGY OF MEDICINE

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-74
Author(s):  
A. V Basov
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Sociology Of Medicine ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Evolution Of Ideas ◽  
The Given

The article presents main characteristics of the conception of medicalization, from its theoretical substantiation. The evolution of ideas of Western researchers of the given problem is analyzed from 1970 to 2010. The increasing of number of studies and theoretical reflexing concerning medicalization resulted in development of such parallel conceptions as medicamentalization and biomedicalization.

scholarly journals INTERPRETING DETACHED CONSTRUCTIONS WITH EXPLICIT SUBJECT THROUGH THE PRISM OF RELATED TERMS

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-60
Author(s):  
Victoria Zhukovska
Keyword(s):  
Construction Grammar ◽  
Matrix Clause ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Comprehensive Account ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Linguistic Approach ◽  
The Given ◽  
Cognitive Construction Grammar

This article provides a comprehensive account of the English detached nonfinite and nonverbal constructions with the explicit subject within the framework of construction grammar. The study overviews the terms utilized in Western grammatical studies to nominate the investigated syntactic structures. Depending on the ontological and gnoseological assumptions of a particular linguistic approach, the analyzed terms highlight specific aspects of the syntactic structures under study (morphosyntactic features, syntactic functions, the subject’s case, coreference with the matrix clause, intonation and punctuation marking), and, therefore, cannot fully reveal the nature of the given syntactic phenomenon. The paper discusses the advantages of the term “detached nonfinite and nonverbal constructions with the explicit subject” for cognitive and quantitative operationalization and theoretical substantiation of the examined structures. The component construction is used in the interpretation of the cognitive construction grammar and defined as a noncompositional language sign, a complex pairing of form and meaning, where some aspects of the forms or the meanings cannot be derived from the form and the meaning of its components or from other existing constructions. In present-day English detached [aug/øaug[SubjNP] [PredNF/VL]] constructions constitute a taxonomic constructional network represented through a multiple hierarchy of adjunct clauses combined with the plane of detachment. The network of the analyzed constructions is developed around the constructional schema, represented by the construction of the highest degree of schematicity and abstraction (macro-construction). The features of the macro-construction are inherited by the constructions of a lower level – meso-constructions and individual micro-constructions and are reflected in the specific realized constructions – constructs.

scholarly journals PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF THE SOILS SEISMOGENIC DILUTION POSSIBILITY (BASED ON THE WATER-SATURATED SANDY-ARGILLACEOUS DEPOSITS EXAMPLE IN KUDEPSTA SETTLEMENT SOCHI CITY ADLER REGION

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ю.К. Чернов
Keyword(s):  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Component Part ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Foundation Soil ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
Qualitative Level ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
The Given ◽  
General Estimation

Разжижение водонасыщенных грунтов под воздействием сильных землетрясений представляет большую опасность для расположенных на них объектов. Поэтому оценка возможности возникновения данных процессов представляется необходимой составной частью общей оценки сейсмической опасности территории. На примере анализа сейсмогрунтовых условий пос. Кудепста описывается опыт предварительных (на качественном уровне) оценок возможности сейсмогенного разжижения различных типов грунтов оснований и даются рекомендации по дальнейшему (количественному) определению вероятности возникновения этого природного явления на данной территории. The dilution of the water-saturated soils under strong earthquakes impact presents large danger to the objects located on them. Therefore the evaluation of the given processes appearance possibility is the necessary component part of the territory seismic danger general estimation. Based on the example of the sett. Kudepsta seismic and soil conditions analysis is described the experience of the preliminary (at the qualitative level) estimations of the different types of foundation soil seismogenic dilution possibility and recommendation regarding further (quantitative) determination of this natural phenomenon appearances probability in this territory are given.

scholarly journals Filter leaching of salt soils of automobile roads

2021 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 02032
Author(s):  
Rashidbek Hudaykulov ◽  
Dilfuza Makhmudova ◽  
Dilshod Kayumov ◽  
Olmos Zafarov
Keyword(s):  
Water Saturation ◽  
General Scheme ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Deformation Modulus ◽  
Sharp Change ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Salt Crystals ◽  
Porosity Coefficient ◽  
Modulus Of Deformation ◽  
Water Saturated

Globally, in arid regions, due to the irrational use of water resources for irrigating plants, salinization of soils occurs, which causes significant damage to the country's economy. In particular, recently in some regions of Uzbekistan, there has been a rise in groundwater and flooding of territories. In these areas, where the soil bases of highways contain such readily soluble salts as: NaCL, Na2SO4·10H2O, MgSO4·7H2O, MgCL2·6H2O, CaCL2·6H2O, NaHCO3, Na2CO3·10H2O, CaCO3 and CaSO4·2H2O, additional suffusion precipitation is often observed which lead to deformations of road surfaces. Additional precipitation is due to the dissolution of salt crystals upon ingress of moisture during filtration leaching. Filtration leaching of soils was carried out in the F-1M device according to the upward flow pattern. To determine the amount of leached salts during the experiment, the infiltrate was taken, its volume and mineralization were recorded. At the end of the tests, the soil was tested according to the general scheme. To assess the influence of the leaching process on the strength indices of the studied soils by the methods of consolidated and fast shear, tests of pre-leached samples were performed. When testing soils, samples were cut, pre-compacted with the same specified load, and leached for a month. In laboratory conditions, the deformation modulus was determined by performing compression experiments. In connection with a sharp change in the modulus of deformation of soils during moistening, the tests were carried out at two values of humidity: at natural and after water saturation without the possibility of swelling. The study results show that the deformation modulus of water-saturated loams satisfactorily correlates with the value of the initial porosity coefficient and decreases as a result of water saturation and leaching. The degree of decrease depends on the value of the initial deformation modulus: the higher it is, the more significant its change. The value of the coefficient of weakening of the soil structure depends on the effective average pressure. The criterion for the permissible salt content in the base of the roadbed of highways should be taken not only the value of the degree of salinity but also the change in the indicators of the mechanical properties of soils used in the design of the construction of the roadway during soaking and leaching.

scholarly journals Theoretical grounds for determining optimal trim of river-sea vessels

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-51
Author(s):  
Andrey Aleksandrovich Ershov ◽  
Vadim Vyacheslavovich Mishenko
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Aerodynamic Resistance ◽  
Wave Drag ◽  
Total Resistance ◽  
Total Drag ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Slow Moving ◽  
Vessel Resistance ◽  
The Given

The article presents the theoretical substantiation of using the optimal trim of “river- sea” vessels in order to improve the propulsion of vessels of various types and purposes navigating on seas and rivers. There has been carried out the analysis of the optimal trim for different types of ships in operation. The given calculations prove the possibility of designing new ships with improved sailing characteristics. The scheme of damping the bow shear wave coming from the stem of the “river-sea” vessel is illustrated using the shear wave coming from the bow bulb, with a differential to the bow. It is proved that trimming of a “river-sea” vessel without a bow bulb is effective for slow-moving and high-speed vessels due to the reduction of components and total drag, compared to the resistance to the movement of a vessel with a conventional trim. An integral similar to Mitchell integral for the wave drag of a vessel with a bow bulb is proposed, by means of which the conditions for damping a bow shear wave (coming from the stem) using the bow bulb of a “river-sea” vessel are determined. The elements composing resistance to the vessel propulsion are investigated in detail: total resistance of the medium to the movement of the vessel, resistance of friction, shape, protruding parts, wave, and aerodynamic resistance. There are considered the criteria of the optimal bow draft of the vessel and optimal trim of the vessel, the criteria of the efficient use of the optimal trim for the “river-sea” vessels on the sea sections. An equation is given that determines the value of the optimal length of the wave-forming part of the bow bulb or the condition for the optimal trim. The pictures illustrating a sea vessel bulb, the bow of which is capable of effectively forming a shear wave at a given differential are shown. Conclusions are made about the possibility of using the optimal trim for river-sea vessels on river and sea sections, recommendations are given that contribute to saving fuel and time, increasing the speed to two knots while reducing the total resistance by up to 20%.

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