scholarly journals Thermal effect of carbohydrate dissolution in aqueous-organic media

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Yulia V Danilchuk
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Thermal Effect ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Logical Connection ◽  
Selective Crystallization ◽  
Temperature Dependences ◽  
The Given

This work is devoted to the theoretical substantiation of connection of temperature dependence of the solubility of carbohydrates with thermal effect of their dissolution in the water-containing organic solvents that is of great importance for optimization of the technology of their extraction from plant raw materials and further purification and separation by recrystallization. The dependence of the solubility of fructose, glucose, sucrose, and maltose in aqueous isopropanol and acetone at temperatures of 298 К (25 оС) and 275 К (2 оС) from water content in a solvent was studied. The constancy of the mechanism of solubility of carbohydrates in these environments in the given temperature interval is experimentally proved. For the first time based on the equation of Vant-Goff the logical connection of temperature dependence of solubility and thermal effect of solubility of carbohydrates is strictly grounded. The values of the thermal effect that are determined by the experimental data allow calculating the solubility of the studied carbohydrates in the aqueous–organic solvent of different concentration in the temperature range from 2оС to 25 оС.  It has been established that the main contribution to the thermal effect of dissolving carbohydrates is the hydration process. Solvation by molecules of organic solvent practically does not change the value of the specified thermal effect. The significance of determined temperature dependences of the solubility of fructose, glucose and maltose is shown to optimize the technological conditions for the separation of glucose-fructose and glucose-maltose syrups by selective crystallization. 

scholarly journals RECOVERY OF PERFORMED COOKING SOLUTIONS AT OXIDATIVE-ORGAN-SOLVENT WARNES IN NEEDRE PLANT RAW MATERIALS

2019 ◽  
pp. 277-284
Author(s):  
Alesya Valer'yevna Vurasko ◽  
Anastasiya Rashitovna Minakova ◽  
Elena Igorevna Simonova
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Azeotropic Distillation ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Constant Amount ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Mineral Components

The possibility of recovering the spent cooking solution with the replacement of the missing amount of lignifying reagents in the oxidative-organic solvent cooking of non-woody plant raw materials (rice husk) with preliminary alkaline treatment and the production of technical pulp with desired properties is shown. Analysis of scientific and patent information revealed that two methods of regeneration are used for regeneration of spent cooking solutions during oxidation-organosolve cooking: azeotropic distillation and return of part of the spent cooking solution for re-cooking with the completion of the missing amount of reagents. For the oxidation-organosolvent cooking non-wood plant materials the most promising is the second option. To avoid the preservation of mineral components in industrial pulp, non-wood plant materials are subjected to alkaline treatment. It has been established that to obtain technical pulp with recovery of the spent cooking solution, it is required two times less acetic acid and 1.7 times fresh water as compared to oxidation-organic solvent cooking under standard conditions with a constant amount of caustic soda.

OPTIMIZATION OF THE EXTRACTION PARAMETERS OF THE COMPLEX OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES FROM THE DRIED BIOMASS OF CALLUS CROPS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л.К. АСЯКИНА ◽  
Н.В. ФОТИНА ◽  
Н.В. ИЗГАРЫШЕВА ◽  
Л.С. ДЫШЛЮК
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Scutellaria Baicalensis ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Plant Sample ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Оптимизированы параметры экстракции растительного сырья – высушенной биомассы каллусных культур клеток лекарственных растений – шлемника байкальского (Scutellaria Baicalensis), лапчатки белой (Potentilla alba), лимонника (Schisandra), любки двулистной (Platanthera bifolia), произрастающих в Сибирском федеральном округе. Варьируемыми параметрами были продолжительность экстракции, температурный режим и соотношение объема органического растворителя к количеству высушенного образца растений – гидромодуль. В качестве органического растворителя для получения экстрактов шлемника байкальского и любки двулистной использовали ацетон, экстрактов лимонника и лапчатки белой – 70%-й этанол. Оптимизацию параметров проводили по максимальному показателю выхода сухого экстракта. Установлено, что оптимальными параметрами экстракции комплекса БАВ из высушенного каллуса лекарственного растения шлемника байкальского является температура 50°С, продолжительность процесса 60 мин и гидромодуль 1 : 10, лапчатки белой – температура 40°С, продолжительность процесса 60 мин и гидромодуль 1 : 20, лимонника – температура процесса 40°С, его продолжительность 60 мин и гидромодуль 1 : 10, любки двулистной – температура 50°С, продолжительность экстракции 120 мин и гидромодуль 1 : 10. Метод экстракции, описанный в настоящей работе, и оптимизированные параметры процесса могут быть использованы как новые инструменты для полного анализа растительного сырья, используемого в пищевой и фармацевтической отраслях. The parameters of the extraction of plant raw materials – dried biomass of callus cultures of medicinal plant cells: Scutellaria Baicalensis, Potentilla alba, Schisandra, Platanthera bifolia, growing in the Siberian federal district, are optimized. The variable parameters were the duration of extraction, the temperature regime, and the ratio of the volume of organic solvent to the amount of dried plant sample-hydromodule. Acetone and was used as an organic solvent to produce extracts of Scutellaria Baicalensis and Platanthera bifolia, 70% ethanol – extracts of Schisandra and Potentilla alba. The parameters were optimized according to the maximum yield of the dry extract. It was found that the optimal parameters for the extraction of the BAS complex from the dried callus of the medicinal plant Scutellaria Baicalensis are the temperature of 50°C for the duration of the process of 60 minutes and the hydromodule of 1 : 10, white Potentilla alba – the temperature of 40°C for the duration of the process of 60 minutes and the hydromodule of 1 : 20, Schisandra – the temperature of the process of 40°C for the duration of 60 minutes and the hydromodule of 1 : 10, Platanthera bifolia – the temperature of 50°C for the duration of the extraction of 120 minutes and the hydromodule of 1 : 10. The extraction method described in this article and the optimized process parameters can be used as new tools for the complete analysis of plant raw materials used in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

scholarly journals Detection of plant raw materials in meat products by HPLC

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 234-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Vaňha ◽  
A. Hinková ◽  
M. Sluková ◽  
F. Kvasnička
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Soy Flour ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Soy Isolate ◽  
The Given

The Czech legislation (Decrees No. 326/2001, 202/2003 and 651/2004 of the law No. 110/1997 as amended) regulates the requirements for the selected meat products with regard to the contents of individual ingredients. However, the methods of the determination of compliance with these regulations are not closely specified. The study presented here deals with the development and verification of analytical methods suitable for the detection of the material of plant origin. Due to the high variability in the contents in meat products of these ingredients, various markers were observed (isoflavones, phytic acid, galactooligosaccharides). For the purpose of detection, substances commonly used in food processing industries were taken into account such as soy flour, wheat flour, soy isolate, HAM 60 preparation. The values gained by measuring the given markers were subsequently converted to reflect the amount of the plant based substance added. Out of 18 products commonly available in shops, only 7 filfilled the legal criteria.

DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY FOR PRODUCTION OF HERBAL TEA ON THE BASISOF PLANT RAW MATERIALS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.Е. ТАРАСОВ ◽  
А.А. ЧУМАК ◽  
Н.А. ТИХОМИРОВА ◽  
Е.Г. ЕРОФЕЕВА
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Herbal Tea ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Preliminary Preparation ◽  
Main Component ◽  
The Given

Разработана технология получения фиточая на основе растительного сырья. В качестве объекта исследования как основного компонента разрабатываемого фиточая выбрано сырье эхинацеи пурпурной (Echinacea purpurea Moench). Проанализированы существующие технологии экстракции эхинацеи пурпурной и выявлены их недостатки. Новая технология включает предварительную подготовку сырья эхинацеи пурпурной методом экстракции диоксидом углерода при температуре 30°С и давлении 6,5 МПа в течение 180 мин. Установлено, что при данных параметрах процесса предварительной подготовки сырья происходит наибольшее извлечение оксикоричных кислот (86%) при заваривании фиточая из полученного продукта – шрота эхинацеи пурпурной. Подобраны оптимальные рецептуры фиточая, включающие дополнительные компоненты из нетрадиционного растительного сырья – шроты из цветков липы и ромашки, листьев малины, плодов шиповника. Определено, что оптимальным соотношением шрота эхинацеи пурпурной со шротами нетрадиционного растительного сырья является соотношение от 1 : 1 до 2 : 1. Исследования органолептических показателей разработанных напитков свидетельствуют об их высоких вкусовых качествах. The technology for producing herbal tea based on plant raw materials has been developed. As the object of research as the main component of the developed herbal tea the echinacea purpurea (Echinacea purpurea Moench) raw material was chosen. Existing technologies of echinacea purpurea extraction and shortcomings have been analyzed. A new technology is includes preliminary preparation of raw echinacea purpurea by extraction with carbon dioxide at a temperature of 30°C, pressure of 6,5 MPa during 180 min. It is established that under the given process parameters, pretreatment of raw material is the largest extraction of hydroxy-cinnamic acids (86%) when brewing herbal tea from the odtaining product – the extraction cake of echinacea purpurea. Optimal herbal tea formulas are selected, which include the use of additional components from unconventional plant raw materials – extraction cake of the chamomile and Linden flowers, raspberry leaves, rose hips. It is determined that the ratio of 1 : 1 to 2 : 1 is the optimal ratio of the extraction cake of echinacea purpurea with the extraction cake of unconventional plant raw materials. Studies of organoleptic characteristics of the developed drinks show their high taste qualities.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES CONTENT IN THE LEAVES AND FRUITS OF A ROWAN-TREE (SORBUS AUCUPARIA FRUCTUS) AND ASSESSMENT OF PROSPECTS IN MEDICINE AND PHARMACY

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Chernichkina A.D.
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Mountain Ash ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Pectin Substances

A large number of biologically active substances, organic acids, tannins, and pectin substances were detected during the study of fruits, leaves, and pulp of the fruits of mountain Ash. The content of these substances in leaves and pulp will significantly expand the arsenal of medicinal plant raw materials used. Given the wide distribution of mountain Ash in the territory of the Russian Federation, harvesting leaves from the same plants after harvesting the fruit and using pulp will make it possible to obtain new phytopreparations.

TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HIGH QUALITY RAW MATERIAL OBTAINING FOR PECTIN PRODUCTION

1970 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
I. A. Ilina ◽  
I. A. Machneva ◽  
E. S. Bakun
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Gel Forming Ability

  The article is devoted to the study of the chemical composition, physical and thermal-pfysical characteristics of damp apple pomaces and the identifying patterns of influence of drying temperature the functional composition and gel-forming ability of pectin. The research is aimed at obtaining initial data for the subsequent calculation of the main technological, hydro-mechanical, thermal, structural and economic characteristics of devices for drying the plant raw materials, ensuring the environmental safety and high quality of pectin-containing raw materials, the reducing heat and energy costs. As a result of the study of the thermal characteristics of apple pomaces, the critical points (temperature conductivity – 16.5 x 10-8 m2/s, thermal conductivity – 0.28 W/m K, heat capacity – 1627 j/(kg K)) at a humidity of 56 % are determined, which characterizing the transition from the extraction of weakly bound moisture to the extraction of moisture with strong bonds (colloidal, adsorption). It was found that the pomaces obtained from apples of late ripening have a higher content of solids (21-23 %), soluble pectin and protopectin (2.5-4.5 %). Dried pomaces obtained from apple varieties of late ripening contain up to 25 % pectin, which allow us to recommend them as a source of raw materials for the production of pectin. The optimum modes of preliminary washing of raw materials are offered, allowing to the remove the ballast substances as much as possible. It is established that when the drying temperature increases, the destructive processes are catalyzed: the strength of the pectin jelly and the uronide component and the degree of pectin esterification are reduced. The optimum drying temperature of damp apple pomaces is 80 0C, at which the quality of pectin extracted from the dried raw materials is maintained as much as possible. It is shown that the most effective for the pectin production is a fraction with a particle size of 3-5 mm, which allow us to extract up to 71 % of pectin from raw materials.

On the diagnostics of Adonis L. species (Ranunculaceae) of the Russian flora

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Luferov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Scientific Medicine ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Alternative Sources

The article provides brief information about cardiotonic, sedative, cytostatic, diuretic, and antibacterial effects of biologically active compounds of Adonis L. (Ranunculaceae) species. Chemical studies allowed to identify the cardiac glycosides, or cardenolides: or cardenolides: adontoxin, adonitol, adonitoxigenin, acetyldigitoxin and others. In scientific medicine, it is currently allowed to use Adonis vernalis L. Other types of Adonis have a similar chemical composition and are offered as substitutes for this official species, for example, Adonis apennina L. Many Adonis species have limited natural resources, and in some regions are rare, requiring conservation of their natural populations. The search for alternative sources of medicinal plant raw materials, based on this, is relevant. The experimental part of our research was carried out using the morphological and geographical method with the involvement of information on ecology and phenology. For the first time summarizes the diagnostic features of Adonis flora of Russian flora. Previously unknown structural features (shape and size of anthers) were identified that characterize the subgenera Adonanthe and Adonis. Taxonomic study of the genus Adonis of the Russian flora allowed us to determine its species composition, clarify its systematic affiliation, and nomenclature synonyms. 9 species were identified. Of these, 6 are perennials belonging to the subgenus Adonanthe, section Consiligo, which includes 2 subsections: Amurenses (2 species) and Vernales, which is differentiated into 2 rows: Apenninae (2 species) and Vernales (2 species). Subgenus Adonis is represented by 2 sections: Adonis (1 species) and Lophocarpa with sections Aestivales (1 species) and Dentatae (1 species). For all the considered species and varieties, the main distribution areas are given. A key has been compiled to determine the wild Adonis species distributed in Russia.

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