scholarly journals Gypsies of the Urals in the National Economic Policy of the Soviet State of the 1920-1930s

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 851-868
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Chernykh ◽  
Mikhail S. Kamenskikh
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
The Urals ◽  
National Economic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
First Time ◽  
National Economic Policy ◽  
Collective Farms

The article is devoted to the analysis of the state policy on Ural Gypsies in the 1920-30s. Historiographical experience allows to undertake micro-level studies including examples of certain regions taking into account their specificity. The article observes the history of Ural Gypsies. Despite a great amount of works devoted to the history of Russian Gypsies the authors are sure that a differentiated approach to the study is the most appropriate taking into account the peculiarities of certain ethnic groups each of them having its own historical specificities. Available published sources and documents that are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time allow to undertake such studies inside one region on the example of two ethnic groups of Gypsies - Russian Roma and the Kalderash Gypsies. The authors have a hypothesis that the number of Ural Gypsies could be much bigger because in official documents they were named Russians or the citizens of certain European countries (Romanians, Bulgarians, Austrians, Serbs, and others). The article analyses the effectiveness of Ural authorities policies aimed at organizing Gypsy collective farms (kolkhoz), industrial artels as well as cultural policies on Gypsies. Despite several successful examples in the country in general Ural attempts of organizing Gypsy collective farms were not that successful though there were all the necessary conditions and regional authorities were making a lot of efforts to maintain those farms that were organized. The sources give information on the activities of Gypsy industrial artels which unlike collective farms were functioning well.

scholarly journals Service History

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Багдасарян ◽  
Vardan Bagdasaryan ◽  
Орлов ◽  
Igor Orlov ◽  
Репников ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Development ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Educational Standard ◽  
National Economic ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
State Educational ◽  
First Time

For the first time in the education guidance, the history of service development in Russia and in the world is presented in its entirety. There are traced the patterns of the formation of the service component in the national economic systems for the periods of history. Detailed consideration of development of a services sector in the Russian Empire and the USSR is carried out, specifics of her formation in Russia are defined. The detailed material on the genesis of the separate service branches is given. The methodological basis of the course is the theory of history and the culture of daily occurrence. It meets the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education of the latest generation. The education guidance is aimed at bachelors studying in the areas of "History" and "Service", but it can also be claimed as additional literature by a number of other training areas that correspond to one or another type of service activities.

scholarly journals EKONOMI ISLAM DAN POLITIK HUKUM DI INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 569-583
Author(s):  
Dudi Badruzaman
Keyword(s):  
New Order ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Systematic Effort ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
National Economic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Islamic Economic ◽  
Political Design ◽  
National Economic Policy

ABSTRACTThis research will describe the history of modern Islamic economic and political relations with the law in an effort to formulate various Islamic economic laws. This article also describes the position of the Islamic economy in the Indonesian legal system so that a description of how Islamic economy can be implemented in the Indonesian economy will be obtained. This study aims to find a basis for the development of Islamic economic law in two periods, the New Order and the Reformation Era. So that Islamic economic instruments can be used as an important part of the mainstream of national economic policy, there needs to be a systematic effort to create a sharia economic political design. This design must include three main domains, namely the realm of regulation and the rule of law, the realm of institutional strengthening and expansion, and the realm of internalizing sharia economic values in the life of the state and society.Keyword: Islamic Economics, Politics of Law, and Governance ABSTAKPenelitian ini akan menguraikan sejarah hubungan ekonomi dan politik Islam modern dengan hukum dalam upaya merumuskan berbagai UU ekonomi Islam. Artikel ini juga menggambarkan posisi ekonomi Islam dalam sistem hukum Indonesia sehingga akan diperoleh deskripsi bagaimana implementasi ekonomi Islam dalam perekonomian Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  mencari dasar bagi pengembangan hukum ekonomi Islam yang ada di dua periode, Orde Baru dan Era Reformasi. Agar instrumen-instrumen ekonomi syariah dapat dijadikan sebagai bagian penting dari mainstream kebijakan ekonomi nasional, maka perlu ada upaya sistematis dalam menciptakan desain politik ekonomi syariah. Desain ini harus mencakup tiga ranah utama, yaitu ranah regulasi dan aturan hukum, ranah penguatan dan ekspansi kelembagaan, serta ranah internalisasi nilai ekonomi syariah dalam kehidupan negara dan masyarakat. Kata kunci: Ekonomi Islam, Politik Hukum, dan Tata Hukum 

scholarly journals a garden city and/or a socialist city?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (68) ◽  
pp. 45-45
Author(s):  
Konstantin Lidin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Garden City ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
The Urals ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

The concept of a socialist city took shape in a keen struggle between supporters of the idea of a garden city and adherents of the social city. Every movement has an officially recognized founder, its own philosophy and program. The confrontation of concepts in the Soviet architecture has acquired an irreconcilable and uncompromising character. But to what extent are these movements really antagonistic? The issue is considered on the basis of both historical and theoretical materials and on specific examples of urban planning solutions in the cities of Eastern Siberia, the Urals and Kuzbass. We continue to focus on strengthening the factual basis of the history of this still unexplored period. In the articles about Sevastopol and Magnitogorsk, a number of documents are published for the first time and thus are introduced into the scientific discourse.

Adam Zalužanský’s “De sexu plantarum” (1592): an early pioneering chapter on plant sexuality

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Funk
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
English Translation ◽  
History Of Botany ◽  
Main Work ◽  
Botanical History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
First Time

In the history of botany, Adam Zalužanský (d. 1613), a Bohemian physician, apothecary, botanist and professor at the University of Prague, is a little-known personality. Linnaeus's first biographers, for example, only knew Zalužanský from hearsay and suspected he was a native of Poland. This ignorance still pervades botanical history. Zalužanský is mentioned only peripherally or not at all. As late as the nineteenth century, a researcher would be unaware that Zalužanský’s main work Methodi herbariae libri tres actually existed in two editions from two different publishers (1592, Prague; 1604, Frankfurt). This paper introduces the life and work of Zalužanský. Special attention is paid to the chapter “De sexu plantarum” of Zalužanský’s Methodus, in which, more than one hundred years before the well-known De sexu plantarum epistola of R. J. Camerarius, the sexuality of plants is suggested. Additionally, for the first time, an English translation of Zalužanský’s chapter on plant sexuality is provided.

The European Charter of Local Self-Government

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Himsworth
Keyword(s):  
Critical Study ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
International Treaty ◽  
Additional Protocol ◽  
Domestic Courts ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Regional Authorities

The first critical study of the 1985 international treaty that guarantees the status of local self-government (local autonomy). Chris Himsworth analyses the text of the 1985 European Charter of Local Self-Government and its Additional Protocol; traces the Charter’s historical emergence; and explains how it has been applied and interpreted, especially in a process of monitoring/treaty enforcement by the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities but also in domestic courts, throughout Europe. Locating the Charter’s own history within the broader recent history of the Council of Europe and the European Union, the book closes with an assessment of the Charter’s future prospects.

A Confrontation between Two Doctrines: The Birth of Struggle for Hegemony in Hebrew Children's Literature during the 1930s and 1940s

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
YAEL DARR
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
The Political ◽  
Literary Creation ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time ◽  
Literary Quality

This article describes a crucial and fundamental stage in the transformation of Hebrew children's literature, during the late 1930s and 1940s, from a single channel of expression to a multi-layered polyphony of models and voices. It claims that for the first time in the history of Hebrew children's literature there took place a doctrinal confrontation between two groups of taste-makers. The article outlines the pedagogical and ideological designs of traditionalist Zionist educators, and suggests how these were challenged by a group of prominent writers of adult poetry, members of the Modernist movement. These writers, it is argued, advocated autonomous literary creation, and insisted on a high level of literary quality. Their intervention not only dramatically changed the repertoire of Hebrew children's literature, but also the rules of literary discourse. The article suggests that, through the Modernists’ polemical efforts, Hebrew children's literature was able to free itself from its position as an apparatus controlled by the political-educational system and to become a dynamic and multi-layered field.

Digging the history. Absolute chronology of the settlement complex at Czermno-Cherven’ (eastern Poland). Research status and perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Dzieńkowski ◽  
Marcin Wołoszyn ◽  
Iwona Florkiewicz ◽  
Radosław Dobrowolski ◽  
Jan Rodzik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Qualitative Change ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Research Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Absolute Dating ◽  
First Time ◽  
Radiocarbon Datings

The article discusses the results of the latest interdisciplinary research of Czermno stronghold and its immediate surroundings. The site is mentioned in chroniclers’ entries referring to the stronghold Cherven’ (Tale of Bygone Years, first mention under the year 981) and the so-called Cherven’ Towns. Given the scarcity of written records regarding the history of today’s Eastern Poland, Ukraine, and Belarus in the 10th and 11th centuries, recent archaeological research, supported by geoenvironmental analyses and absolute dating, brought a significant qualitative change. In 2014 and 2015, the remains of the oldest rampart of the stronghold were uncovered for the first time. A series of radiocarbon datings allows us to refer the erection of the stronghold to the second half/late 10th century. The results of several years’ interdisciplinary research (2012-2020) introduce qualitatively new data to the issue of the Cherven’ Towns, which both change current considerations and confirm the extraordinary research potential in the archeology of the discussed region.

A Well-Ordered Thing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Gordin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Classic Work ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

Dmitrii Mendeleev (1834–1907) is a name we recognize, but perhaps only as the creator of the periodic table of elements. Generally, little else has been known about him. This book is an authoritative biography of Mendeleev that draws a multifaceted portrait of his life for the first time. As the book reveals, Mendeleev was not only a luminary in the history of science, he was also an astonishingly wide-ranging political and cultural figure. From his attack on Spiritualism to his failed voyage to the Arctic and his near-mythical hot-air balloon trip, this is the story of an extraordinary maverick. The ideals that shaped his work outside science also led Mendeleev to order the elements and, eventually, to engineer one of the most fascinating scientific developments of the nineteenth century. This book is a classic work that tells the story of one of the world's most important minds.

Victorian Pain

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Ablow
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Victorian Literature ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Harriet Martineau ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Natural Philosophers ◽  
First Time

The nineteenth century introduced developments in science and medicine that made the eradication of pain conceivable for the first time. This new understanding of pain brought with it a complex set of moral and philosophical dilemmas. If pain serves no obvious purpose, how do we reconcile its existence with a well-ordered universe? Examining how writers of the day engaged with such questions, this book offers a compelling new literary and philosophical history of modern pain. The book provides close readings of novelists Charlotte Brontë and Thomas Hardy and political and natural philosophers John Stuart Mill, Harriet Martineau, and Charles Darwin, as well as a variety of medical, scientific, and popular writers of the Victorian age. The book explores how discussions of pain served as investigations into the status of persons and the nature and parameters of social life. No longer conceivable as divine trial or punishment, pain in the nineteenth century came to seem instead like a historical accident suggesting little or nothing about the individual who suffers. A landmark study of Victorian literature and the history of pain, the book shows how these writers came to see pain as a social as well as a personal problem. Rather than simply self-evident to the sufferer and unknowable to anyone else, pain was also understood to be produced between persons—and even, perhaps, by the fictions they read.

Thanato-Laboratorien. Theorien von Tod und Sterben und Elias Canettis Buch gegen den Tod

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-86
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Heyne
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Death And Dying ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Elias Canetti ◽  
History Of ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
First Time ◽  
Textual Form ◽  
Or History

AbstractAlthough visual culture of the 21th century increasingly focuses on representation of death and dying, contemporary discourses still lack a language of death adequate to the event shown by pictures and visual images from an outside point of view. Following this observation, this article suggests a re-reading of 20th century author Elias Canetti. His lifelong notes have been edited and published posthumously for the first time in 2014. Thanks to this edition Canetti's short texts and aphorisms can be focused as a textual laboratory in which he tries to model a language of death on experimental practices of natural sciences. The miniature series of experiments address the problem of death, not representable in discourses of cultural studies, system theory or history of knowledge, and in doing so, Canetti creates liminal texts at the margins of western concepts of (human) life, science and established textual form.

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