scholarly journals “A Sensible Image of the Infinite”: Intersemiotic Translation of Russian Classics for Foreign Audiences

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-414
Author(s):  
Olga Arkad'evna Leontovich
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Competence ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Cultural Literacy ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Classical Literature ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Semiotic System ◽  
Broadway Musical ◽  
Theoretical Approaches

The article is a continuation of the author’s cycle of works devoted to foreign cinematographic and stage adaptations of Russian classical literature for foreign audiences. The research material includes 17 American, European, Chinese, Indian, Japanese fiction films and TV series, one Broadway musical and 9 Russian films and TV series used for comparison. The paper analyses different theoretical approaches to intersemiotic translation, ‘de-centering of language’ as a modern tendency and intersemiotic translation of literary works in the context of intercultural communication. Key decisions about the interpretation of original texts are made by directors and their teams guided by at least three goals: commercial, creative and ideological. Intersemiotic translation makes use of such strategies as foreignization, domestication and universalization. The resignifying of a literary text by means of the cinematographic semiotic system is connected with such transformations as: a) reduction - omission of parts of the original; b) extension - addition, filling in the blanks, and signifying the unsaid; c) reinterpretation - modification or remodeling of the original in accordance with the director’s creative ideas. A challenge and at the same time one of the key points of intersemiotic translation is a difficult choice between the loyalty to the original, comprehensibility for the target audience and freedom of creativity. The research shows that transformations and use of different translation strategies can have both positive and negative consequences. Positive outcomes include: visualization and comprehension of the Russian cultural space; adaptation of Russian experiences for the target culture; retranslation of universal values expressed by the original. Negative consequences result in: the distortion of the original due to insufficient cultural literacy; purposeful deformation of cultural meanings for ideological reasons; erroneous interpretation of the literary text; deformation of the original macromeaning; preservation of the plot, but loss of the in-depth meaning of the original text. Any degree of creative freedom still requires intercultural competence and a careful choice of semiotic signs aimed at expressing the key ideas of the original.

Methods of translation culture-specific vocabulary into English in translation of Russian classical literature (on the example of A. Chekhov’s stories)

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
E. V. Chirkunova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Russian Text ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Classical Literature

Translating a text, especially when it comes to fiction, one of the main problems is to find appropriate and qualitative methods of translating culture-determined words. Therefore, a number of decisions made by the translator defines how a given text will be perceived by readers of a different culture. This article presents a comparative analysis of the culture-specific vocabulary of the original Russian text and the text of the translation, followed by the identification of vocabulary features given in the original text and the methods of its translation into English.

scholarly journals Image of a village in the discourses of pseudo-traditionalism

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Aleksander Mikhailovich Prilutskii ◽  
Vladimir Yur'evich Lebedev
Keyword(s):  
Literary Text ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Semiotic System ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Partial Digestion ◽  
Hermeneutic Approach ◽  
The Impact

This article is dedicated to analysis of the phenomenon of pseudo-traditionalism on the example of interpretation of image of a village in the discourses of modern culture. The concepts and processes that cursory are perceived as traditional, but modernistic in their essence, are referred to pseudo-traditional. The authors understand pseudo-traditionalism as a result of stylistic mimicry based on the partial digestion of separate elements of the traditional semiotic system borrowed extra-contextually and uncoupled from other elements, with which they are in a state of structural-systemic relations within the framework of real tradition. The article is carried out in the context of semiotic-hermeneutic approach towards analysis of the phenomena of modern culture. The sources include the literary text of clearly traditional orientation, as well as materials collected in the course of sociological interview. The authors prove that the opposition city – village carries mythological character, equally to demonization of city and idealization of village in pseudo-traditionalistic discourses. The article also analyzes various aspects and modi of the modern mythological image of a village, including religious (eschatological). The author examines the impact of historical and social contexts upon the formation of ancient mythology.

Specific study of biblical parables in a pedagogical university

2021 ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
Elena Evgenievn Tikhomirova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Semiotic System ◽  
Spiritual Quest ◽  
Artistic Process ◽  
Aesthetic Taste ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Cultural Texts ◽  
The Individual

The author of the article focuses on the analysis of specific methods and techniques for identifying the universal and unique cultural meanings of biblical parables in the study of the disciplines of the humanities cycle in a pedagogical university. The purpose of the article is to develop techniques for working with parables for practical classes in the cultural cycle at the Pedagogical University. Research methodology and methods. The work is based on the use of the methodology of the sociocultural and activity-based approach to the psychological development of the individual, as well as systemic and holistic approaches to education. When decoding the meanings of parables as texts of culture, it is proposed to use axiological, semiotic, cognitive and systemic approaches. The systemic culturological approach allows you to create conditions for the development of aesthetic taste, artistic thinking. Research results. As the scientific literature and the practice of teaching culturological disciplines at the Pedagogical University show, working with parables teaches us to personally and emotionally perceive the text of culture, to adequately assess the relationship in the system man-man and man-world, to recode the content from one semiotic system to another. Through the interpretation of the text, the individual creative abilities of students are developed, a steady interest in modern art practices is formed. Interpretation of the categories of culture, embodied in human and natural images of the transcendental, time, space, make it possible to essentially comprehend the texts of culture containing the plots of biblical parables. Conclusion. The consistent identification of the specifics of the study of parables in the context of the spiritual quest of a certain historical period contributes to the emergence of interest and the formation of a respectful attitude towards the cultural heritage, the values of world culture. Cultural practices of working with cultural texts contribute to an adequate understanding of the place of national culture in the world artistic process and its creative enhancement.

Double exposures: the photographic afterlives of Pasolini and Moro

Modern Italy ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-425
Author(s):  
Sarah Patricia Hill
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Double Exposure ◽  
Pier Paolo Pasolini ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
Italian Culture ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Economic Boom ◽  
Visual Record

Photographs play a crucial role in the ways the lives and deaths of Pier Paolo Pasolini and Aldo Moro are remembered in Italian culture. Locating photographs of the two men taken before and after their murders against the backdrop of the changes in photographic practice that took place in Italy from the period of the economic boom in the late 1950s through to the early 1970s, this article explores and compares the cultural meanings of the photographs of the bodies of these two very different but equally symbolic public figures, both alive and dead. Analysing the significance of these images in Italy in the 1970s and after, it notes how contemporary theoretical approaches to the medium – particularly in terms of understandings of mass media forms and the theoretical linking of photography and death – shaped how the photographs have been understood in relation to their social and political context. It argues that the afterimage of the photographs of the corpses of Pasolini and Moro is overlaid in Italian cultural memory over the visual record of the two men during their lives in a kind of mnemonic ‘double exposure’ that constitutes these bodies of images as collective icons of their times.

Linguocultural transfer of metaphors in a literary text

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Vladimir N. Denisenko ◽  
◽  
Valeriya T. Vered
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Semantic Equivalence ◽  
Partial Transfer ◽  
Metaphorical Expression ◽  
Artistic Images ◽  
Linguistic Aspect

This article aims to assess the degree of transfer of the original metaphorical image into a foreign language linguistic and cultural space and to identify the general patterns of translation of the author’s metaphor in a literary text. An attempt is made to determine the nature of the correlation between the transfer and the communicative-pragmatic effect of the conversion unit. The study uses a three-dimensional model of metaphor, which is a synthesis of the proper linguistic (language), mental (thought) and communicative aspects. The actual linguistic aspect means the logical and semantic structure of the metaphor. Understood as the general properties of an object and its reflection arising from the principle of similarity, the tenor, the vehicle and the ground are revealed. From the point of view of the mental aspect, the metaphor is considered as a universal cognitive mechanism for the nomination of the surrounding reality and the creation of artistic images. The communicative aspect includes the study of metaphor from the perspective of its functioning in speech — the pragmatic attitude of the speaker determined by the content and form of his statement is pointed out. The semantic equivalence of metaphors in the original text and in the translation text is established on the basis of the componential analysis. The results are classified according to two criteria: 1) the preservation of the principle of implicit metaphorical rethinking and 2) the identity of the meanings actualized during the renaming process, which allows to identify cases of the complete and the partial transfer of the metaphor and to describe the concomitant lexical and grammatical interlanguage transformations. The partial transfer is to be recognized as the most common phenomenon that takes place during the translation of the metaphorical expression. The impossibility of the complete transfer of the source metaphor is explained by both the features of the internal development of languages and the nature of the linguistic thinking of the two peoples. The absence of the metaphor in translation is considered as a factor that reduces the pragmatic equivalence of texts.

Diversity and Democratic Politics: An Introduction

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Harell ◽  
Dietlind Stolle
Keyword(s):  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Racial Diversity ◽  
Democratic Politics ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Liberal Democracies ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Groupes Minoritaires ◽  
Ethnic And Racial Diversity

Abstract.In recent years, there has been increasing popular and academic debate about how ethnic and racial diversity affects democratic politics and social cohesion in industrialized liberal democracies. In this introduction, different interdisciplinary theoretical approaches for understanding the role of diversity for intergroup relations and social cohesion are reviewed and four extensions to the current literature are proposed. These include taking advantage of a comparative framework to understand how generalizable the consequences of diversity are. A comparative country approach also helps to reveal which policies might be able to mitigate any potential negative consequences of diversity. Most importantly, we propose that the research in this area should include other aspects of social cohesion beyond measures of generalized trust, such as solidarity, attitudes about the welfare state and redistributive justice, as well as political and social tolerance. Finally, research on the effects of diversity might gain more insights from taking less of a majority-centric approach to include the effects on various minority groups as well.Résumé.Ces dernières années ont procuré un sol fertile au débat populaire et universitaire autour des effets de la diversité ethnique et raciale sur la politique démocratique et sur la cohésion sociale dans les démocraties libérales industrialisées. Dans cette introduction, nous passons en revue diverses approches théoriques interdisciplinaires permettant de clarifier le rôle de la diversité dans les relations entre les groupes et dans la cohésion sociale et nous proposons quatre ajouts à la littérature courante. Nous suggérons, entre autres, de tirer profit d'un cadre comparatif pour comprendre à quel point les conséquences de la diversité sont généralisables. Une étude comparative des pays aide également à cerner les politiques qui pourraient atténuer les conséquences négatives potentielles de la diversité. Par-dessus tout, nous avançons que la recherche dans ce domaine devrait inclure d'autres aspects de la cohésion sociale à part les mesures de la confiance généralisée, des aspects tels que la solidarité, les attitudes envers l'État-providence et la justice redistributive, ainsi que la tolérance politique et sociale. Finalement, la recherche sur les effets de la diversité pourrait devenir plus instructive en adoptant une approche moins centrée sur la majorité afin d'inclure également les effets sur divers groupes minoritaires.

Internalized Heterosexism

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn M. Szymanski ◽  
Susan Kashubeck-West ◽  
Jill Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Internalized Homophobia ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Internalized Heterosexism ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
And Bisexual ◽  
Counseling Psychologists

Counseling psychologists can expect to encounter lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals in their lives, as students, colleagues, friends, clients, and/or family members. Most of the LGB individuals encountered by counseling psychologists have experienced the negative consequences of internalized heterosexism/internalized homophobia (IH). Yet many counseling psychologists are not adequately prepared to deal with the negative effects of IH on LGB persons' lives. This Major Contribution provides readers with a critical base of information about the construct of IH, including the historical context from which it emerged; controversies related to IH; theoretical approaches used to conceptualize IH; unique issues for women, men, and bisexuals; and the empirical research on measurement and psychosocial correlates of IH. In addition, it provides suggestions for future research and implications for counseling LGB individuals and for the training of counseling psychologists.

Propuesta de un Marco de Estudio para el Análisis de Subtítulos Cinematográficos

Babel ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Díaz Cintas
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Semiotic System ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
Free Translation ◽  
Independent Product ◽  
Final Text

Abstract Este artículo se centra en el análisis y valoración de una serie de presupuestos teóricos aportados por eminentes estudiosos de la traducción, que en un intento de sentar unas bases de trabajo firmes y operativas que permitan una aproximación científica a la realidad del hecho traductor, proponen lo que se conoce como 'Translation Studies'. Esta escuela basa sus presupuestos teóricos en una metodología funcionalista que se articula en torno a la función que el texto traducido cumple en el sisterna semiótico de llegada. La gran originalidad de esta aproximación radica en el cambio de énfasis que se aplica a la hora de observar la realidad traductora: si tradicionalmente el dogmatismo marcaba cualquier tipo de análisis contrastivo entre un texto origen y otro meta, de acuerdo a estas recientes propuestas el estudio se lleva a cabo sobre el texto meta en tanto que producto independiente que se ha incorporado a una determinada sociedad, denomi-nada polisistema. Esta articulación empírica y pragmática permite superar la sempiterna dicotomía que enfrentaba conceptos tales como traducción literal y traducción libre. Dentro de la taxonomía translémica, la labor subtituladora se corresponde a lo que se viene definiendo como "traducción subordinada", y teniendo presente esta categorización propondré como colofón a mi artículo un modelo de análisis descriptivo que tiene cuenta de las caracterís-ticas propias e inherentes al fenómeno de la traducción de subtítulos. Abstract This article deals with the analysis and evaluation of a series of theoretical assumptions put forward by renowned translation specialists, who set down solid and operational bases for a scientific assessment of the translator's function, often referred to as 'Translation Studies". The hypotheses are based on functional methodology which focuses on the function achieved by the translated text in a semiotic system. The originality of this approach lies in the change of emphasis placed on the observation of the reality of translation; if, traditionally, dogmatism marked any kind of analysis by underlining the contrasts between the original text and another final text, this study focuses on the final text considered as an independent product being integrated in a particular social system known as the "plurisystem". This empirical and pragmatic approach allows us to go beyond the eternal dichotomy inherent in concepts such as literal and free translation. In terms of translation taxonomies, the work of subtitling corresponds to the task classified as 'constrained translation', and if we keep in mind this division into categories, the article introduces a model of descriptive analysis which takes into account the actual and inherent characteristics of the phenomenon of subtitling. Résumé Cet article traite de l'analyse et de l'évaluation d'une série d'hypothèses théoriques, posées par d'éminents spécialistes en matière de traduction, qui ont établi des bases solides et operationelles permettant une estimation scientifique de la fonction de traducteur, désignée souvent comme "Translation Studies" ou "Traductologie". Ces hypothèses sont basées sur une méthodologie fonctionnelle qui s'articule autour de la fonction que le texte traduit réalise dans un système semiotique. L'originalité de cette approche se trouve dans le changement d'accentuation qui s'applique dès que l'on observe la traduction dans sa réalité. Si, traditionnellement, le dogmatisme marquait tout type d'analyse en soulignant les contrastes entre un texte de départ et un autre texte d'arrivée, cette étude porte sur le texte d'arrivée, considéré comme un produit indépendant, qu'on intègre dans une société déterminée, dénommée polisystème. Cette approche empirique et pragmatique permet de dominer l'éternelle dichotomie inhérente aux concepts, tels que la traduction littérale et la traduction libre. Au sein de la taxonomie translative, le travail de sous-titrage correspond à celui qui s'intitule "traduction subordonnée'. En gardant en tête cette catégorisation, l'article introduit un modèle d'analyse descriptive qui tient compte des caractéristiques propres et inhérentes au phénomène du sous-titrage.

scholarly journals Determination of Factors and Indicators of Efficient Port Functioning

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
M. Makarenko ◽  
◽  
I. Barskiy ◽  
V. Popov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Unified Approach ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Port Efficiency ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Clear Idea ◽  
The Impact

The article emphasizes the lack of a systematic and unified approach to measuring the performance of ports with different properties. The analysis of practical and theoretical approaches and the comparative analysis of indicators of efficiency of port are carried out. Measuring efficiency plays a significant role in assessing production in its current and future state. With the appropriate performance measurement, the system in the organization can be set up to move in the desired direction by analyzing behavioral responses and understanding the impact of different performance indicators on port performance. However, incorrectly defined performance indicators will lead the organization in the wrong direction and cause unforeseen negative consequences. Port efficiency can have a major impact on the region's economic growth, as ports connect maritime transport and inland transport. They are also important suppliers for ships, cargo and inland transport. Port performance analysis gives operators a clear idea of how much port resources are being used and helps them compare their strengths and weaknesses. Measuring port efficiency improves port development and maintains its competitiveness in an increasingly competitive commercial environment. Therefore, it is important to first conduct a comprehensive study to determine the performance of the port, relevant to the activities of ships, cargo and terminals. By assessing the efficiency of ports using certain indicators, you can get an idea of comparing their efficiency, even internationally. A review of practical and theoretical approaches to the comparative analysis of port efficiency indicators over the past three decades and summarized the main differences in these studies found the lack of a systematic and unified approach to measuring the performance of ports with different properties. Recent studies have aimed to analyze the performance of port terminals, as they are the most important component of ports, operations for the transfer of berths and court operations in the terminals fundamentally determine the efficiency of the port. Port bandwidth is one of the most widely used indicators of port efficiency. Productivity growth is seen as direct evidence of port activity. One of the most important aspects of measuring seaport efficiency is performance, and the popular database analysis (DEA) method is commonly used to evaluate it. There are several other models used for cross-sectional and panel data, such as software. To assess port efficiency, this study examines the analysis of the DEA and FDH database through its ability to analyze multiple outputs and inputs simultaneously.

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