Linguocultural transfer of metaphors in a literary text

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Vladimir N. Denisenko ◽  
◽  
Valeriya T. Vered
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Semantic Equivalence ◽  
Partial Transfer ◽  
Metaphorical Expression ◽  
Artistic Images ◽  
Linguistic Aspect

This article aims to assess the degree of transfer of the original metaphorical image into a foreign language linguistic and cultural space and to identify the general patterns of translation of the author’s metaphor in a literary text. An attempt is made to determine the nature of the correlation between the transfer and the communicative-pragmatic effect of the conversion unit. The study uses a three-dimensional model of metaphor, which is a synthesis of the proper linguistic (language), mental (thought) and communicative aspects. The actual linguistic aspect means the logical and semantic structure of the metaphor. Understood as the general properties of an object and its reflection arising from the principle of similarity, the tenor, the vehicle and the ground are revealed. From the point of view of the mental aspect, the metaphor is considered as a universal cognitive mechanism for the nomination of the surrounding reality and the creation of artistic images. The communicative aspect includes the study of metaphor from the perspective of its functioning in speech — the pragmatic attitude of the speaker determined by the content and form of his statement is pointed out. The semantic equivalence of metaphors in the original text and in the translation text is established on the basis of the componential analysis. The results are classified according to two criteria: 1) the preservation of the principle of implicit metaphorical rethinking and 2) the identity of the meanings actualized during the renaming process, which allows to identify cases of the complete and the partial transfer of the metaphor and to describe the concomitant lexical and grammatical interlanguage transformations. The partial transfer is to be recognized as the most common phenomenon that takes place during the translation of the metaphorical expression. The impossibility of the complete transfer of the source metaphor is explained by both the features of the internal development of languages and the nature of the linguistic thinking of the two peoples. The absence of the metaphor in translation is considered as a factor that reduces the pragmatic equivalence of texts.

scholarly journals Modeling in AUTOCAD for bachelors

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Л.В. Карпюк ◽  
Н.О. Давіденко
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Model Space ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Objects ◽  
Graphic Editor

The article discusses the methods of using the AutoCad graphic editor for creating three-dimensional objects. The possibilities of three-dimensional modeling in the AutoCad graphic editor for optimizing the educational process of bachelors of technical specialties are also considered. The article analyzes the best ways to create mechanical engineering drawings.The most developed software tool for the production of design documentation is AutoCAD - a universal graphic design system. Creating models of any complexity in space by using this graphic editor, the user will be able to see their relative position, estimate the distance between them. The model can be freely moved in space, viewing many options. The ability to control the point of view allows to conveniently select the view of the 3D model that is being developed. Zooming, panning in real time with the ability to freely rotate the camera around the model provide the ability to quickly view objects from any point of view. The article provides examples of choosing the most optimal option for creating a three-dimensional model. The traditional way to create a 3D model drawing is to make 2D views of the model. When creating a flat drawing, there is a possibility of error when making projections, since they are created independently from each other and consist of several images. It is rather difficult to represent an object in space from a flat drawing. At present, modern software graphic editors are aimed at creating three-dimensional models that allow to create realistic models and, on their basis, get two-dimensional projections. Graphic editor AutoCad allows to create three-dimensional objects based on standard commands, in the form of a cylinder, cone, box, torus, etc., when editing which you can get the desired shapes. After creating a three-dimensional model, the user can get its two-dimensional projections not only on the main planes, but also on any plane at will. The 3D modeling method allows you to create a complex drawing with any number of images based on a 3D model. There are ways to create 2D plane drawings from a 3D model and the ability to edit ready-made designs that can be inserted from model space into paper space. Editing takes place by changing the parameters of a 3D object in model space, and these changes are automatically reflected in paper space. This method allows us to use the tools to quickly create a system of 3-4 linked views for a 3D AutoCad model.

scholarly journals Intertextuality in Antology of Poetry Essay (Research on Poetry Essay Atas Nama Cinta written by Denny JA and Poetry Essay Serat Kembang Raya written by Fatin Hamama, et al)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aji Septiaji
Keyword(s):  
Social Problems ◽  
Social Conflict ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

Literature as one of the works that involve the text as a medium in delivering form and meanings. It has a role that affects other works or readers’ point of view. In the process of creating a work, an author is inseparable from his involvement with other texts which have existed before that surround them. It shows the influence of other texts that included into the result of literary text. Thus, there is no original text belongstoanauthor.Themethodusedinthisstudyisdescriptivequalitative.Thedata were analyzed by reading and identifying which determined through the relationship between the structures and the social problems of the story. The result indicates that intertextuality is established through the social conflict relationship. The stories give a portrait on how social situation and discrimination cultural conditions become a reflection of society in the era of globalization and information.

A DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF THE METAPHORS WITH THE WORD “TIME” IN TWO NICHOLAS SPARKS’ NOVELS

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Ngan Nguyen Thi Kim
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model

This research paper looks into the main ideologies conveyed by linguistics features, mainly metaphors, in the two Nicholas Sparks’ novels The Notebook and A Walk to Remember. Corpus techniques were adopted to get an overview of the data. The qualitative method was applied with Fairclough’s (2015) three-dimensional framework to analyze the data. A software called Antconc was integrated into this study to achieve the most accurate statistics. The results showed a list of twenty most frequently used keywords, in which “time” is the noun with the highest frequency. Using Fairclough’s three-dimensional model, 40 metaphors with the word “time” based on Lakoff’s (2003) theory were analysed thoroughly. Three main ideologies embedded in those metaphors were then detected. It was found that in Nicholas Sparks’ point of view, time is a valuable commodity, time is an immense invisible power, and time is a non-renewable resource.

scholarly journals The use of a bionic image in the design of children's sledges as the most visually comfortable

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Анна Готина ◽  
Anna Gotina ◽  
Юрий Хмелевский ◽  
Yuriy Hmelevskiy
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Bionic Design ◽  
Industrial Products ◽  
Expert Assessments ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Artistic Images ◽  
Artistic Image

This article is devoted to the choice of a bionic image as the most visually comfortable when designing industrial products. The paper describes the problem of the lack of industrial products visually comfortable artistic image. A detailed analysis of the research problem was carried out and criteria for evaluating the options for outline solutions were determined. Three artistic images of children's sledges connected with the main function of the designed product were chosen. For each artistic image, a conceptual design of the product body was created. Using the method of expert assessments by professionals in the field of design, the most promising outline solution of the case was determined in terms of aesthetic and ergonomic qualities. Based on the selected, bionic most promising solution, a three-dimensional model of the designed object was developed. In accordance with the bionic cart of children's sledges, a harmonious coloristic solution was chosen. The object has a spectacular appearance due to the vivid image of a mountain sheep, and also corresponds to aesthetic and ergonomic parameters. The article formed the stages of bionic design of a children's sled in accordance with the criteria of aesthetics and ergonomics, which can be used to design such objects.

scholarly journals Numerical simulation of the branching blood flow in a model of the femoral artery-graft junction

2021 ◽  
Vol 2088 (1) ◽  
pp. 012043
Author(s):  
M A Sherstneva ◽  
E M Smirnov ◽  
A D Yukhnev ◽  
A A Vrabiy
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Common Femoral Artery ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Recirculation Flow ◽  
Artery Graft

Annotation The results of numerical simulation of pulsating blood flow in a three-dimensional model of the femoral artery-graft junction are presented. The study is focused on the influence of the flow rates ratio in two branches of the branching flow on the location and size of the recirculation flow areas in the shunt and in the common femoral artery, with an emphasis on the analysis of the anastomotic zone. Areas with small values of the cycle-averaged shear stresses and increased values of the shear stress oscillation index, potentially dangerous from the point of view of the neointima growth in the shunt, are identified.

Reconciliation of two-dimensional (‘cross-grating’) and three-dimensional phenomena in electron diffraction and resolution of other anomalies on the basis of Bragg reflexions from single crystal lamellae suffering radially progressive shear strain

1959 ◽  
Vol 250 (1263) ◽  
pp. 439-459
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Shear Strain ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Shear Plane ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Simple Explanation ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensional Model

An intricate repetitive fringe pattern, due to the loss of electrons by diffraction from a crystal lamella, was explained earlier in terms of a crystal model in a state of progressive shear strain in which the primitive translations of successive net-planes changed progressively through the thickness of the layer. The electron diffraction pattern to be expected from this three-dimensional model is now shown theoretically to be identical geometrically with the diffraction pattern from the two-dimensional array of atoms in a single constituent net-plane comprising a cross-grating, so that the model offers also a simple explanation of two-dimensional (‘cross-grating’) diffraction effects in terms of conventional theory for diffraction from three-dimensional crystals. Normal size diffraction rings would not arise from an assembly of the model crystals, but closely similar rings would appear following the law nλ = d sin 2 θ , as distinct from the Bragg law nλ = 2 d sin θ , when, for example, the beam was normal to the shear plane and parallel to the reflecting planes prior to the incidence of strain. While such near-normal rings could fail to appear for certain potentially reflecting planes, ‘extra’ rings would appear and could be arranged in families comprising ‘bands’. These bands would have a ‘head’ on an apparently normal ring and a ‘tail’ on an ‘extra’ ring. Comparison of the model with other published data in electron diffraction suggests that it is compatible with a recently published observation of excessive d 111 / d 200 and d 111 / d 220 spacing ratios in biological work, with early work showing ‘extra’ rings and ‘bands’ from electro-deposited metal films, with ‘extra’ rings from metal foils and with small beam deviations down to zero corresponding to infinite spacings. The model, based directly on effects observed experimentally, and now shown to be supported by previously published work, needs to be examined theoretically from the point of view of stability and in connexion with both Frank and van der Merwe’s theory of orientation calling for pseudomorphic monolayers and Finch and Quarrell’s work which led to the concept of basal plane pseudomorphism.

scholarly journals Translator’s notes as a form of linguistic localization of literary works (the case of D. Mitchell’s novels)

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 34-54
Author(s):  
I.D. Volkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
English Language ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Cloud Atlas

The purpose of the present article is to describe the significance of translator's notes from the point of view of localization of English works of fiction for Russian readership, as well as to identify the types of lexical units that become object of adaptation and the degree of their explication. The theoretical and methodological basis of this study is made up of the key provisions of translation studies, the study of linguistic localization and the study of literary discourse. Within the framework of the present research, a comparative analysis of the concepts of adaptation (pragmatic adaptation) and localization has been carried out to substantiate the advisability of using a new term to name culturally determined modifications of the original text. The characteristics of a literary text have been established, which make it possible to classify works of fiction as objects of localization. Content analysis of the English and Russian versions of the novels Cloud Atlas, The Thousand Autumns of Jacob de Zoet and The Slade House by the British writer D. Mitchell has been carried out. The original English-language and translated Russian-language versions of the specified literary works are analyzed, in particular, a comparative analysis of the English-language lexical units and phrases, accompanied by translator's notes in the secondary texts, has been conducted. The advantages of notes as a form of localization of literary texts are indicated. They consist in the possibility of a more detailed and quick description of foreign cultural units in comparison with intra-text transformations.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ORIGINAL AND TRANSLATION OF E.SETON-THOMPSON’S SHORT STORY ‘THE ВIOGRAPHY OF A GRIZZLY’

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (16) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
M.Yu. Volkova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Transformation Techniques ◽  
Artistic Images ◽  
The Given

The role of Ernest Seton-Thompson as a writer who started the genre of animal short-story and his contribution into the national Canadian literature are discussed in the article. Peculiar features of animal-personages from his short-stories which are close to people were singled out. The peculiarities of the literary translation which aim is to reflect ideas, feelings transforming the author’s images with the help of another language material, the main features that make it different from a classical one were stated. Contemporary scholars who scrutinize this aspect in modern translation studies were found out. The notion of adequacy in the process of a literary text translation, the necessity and strive of the translator to reflect the sense, embodied in artistic images, to preserve genre and style and structural-compositional peculiarities of the original text in the context of comparative analysis of the literary text were noted. The differences between the original text of E.Seton-Thompson’s short-story “The Biography of a Grizzly” and its translation by М.Chukovsky were analyzed in the given article. The translation can be called adequate as some change of content and form of the original text by means of the target language did not impact into general perception of the short-story in its translation. The translator conveys the author’s ideas provoking reader‘s reaction to the story. М.Chukovsky  preserved its content, the system of images and the author’s style and plot identity of the original text. Peculiarities of his translation, main structural-grammar and lexical transformations used in the translation were marked. Among the most frequently used transformation techniques actual division of the sentence, grammar changes, change of the sentence parts, concretization, generalization, addition, omission and antonymic translation are noted.

scholarly journals PRE-TRANSLATION AND TRANSLATION ANALYSIS OF THE TEXT (BASED ON THE NOVEL “OLENIADA” BY I. ROZDOBUDKO)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (11(79)) ◽  
pp. 177-180
Author(s):  
Olha Shum
Keyword(s):  
Literary Text ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
The Political ◽  
Original Text ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Translation Stage ◽  
Translation Analysis

The article examines peculiarities of the translation analysis of the literary text, in particular the pre-translation stage and translation itself on the example of the political and satirical novel “Oleniada” by I. Rozdobudko. Each researcher has their own point of view on the structure and stages of the translation process. The translation of any text is a long process, which consists of different stages depending on the purpose of the final product. Obtaining a quality adequate translation in the target language requires the translator to take a number of steps to study the author’s work, his or her individual features, genre, if it’s necessary to be an expert on the issues described in the original text – history, medicine, culture, geography, criminology, etc. The vast majority of scholars in the field of translation studies do not distinguish between pre-translation and translation analyzes of text, considering them to be inseparable from each other. Pre-translation analysis of a literary text has its own laws, according to which the dominant features of the work are studied (anthropocentrism, aesthetic information, fiction, imagery, etc.). We define the relevance and prospects of further research on this topic in the comparison of pre-translation analyzes of literary texts by different authors and different genres.

Mechanical Models of Cell Adhesion Incorporating Nonlinear Behavior and Stochastic Rupture of the Bonds

2011 ◽  
pp. 599-627
Author(s):  
Jean-François Ganghoffer
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Stochastic Field ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Ecm Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Mechanical Models ◽  
Distribution Of Power ◽  
The Individual

The rolling of a single biological cell is analysed using modelling of the local kinetics of successive attachment and detachment of bonds occurring at the interface between a single cell and the wall of an ECM (extracellular matrix). Those kinetics correspond to a succession of creations and ruptures of ligand-receptor molecular connections under the combined effects of mechanical, physical (both specific and non-specific), and chemical external interactions. A three-dimensional model of the interfacial molecular rupture and adhesion kinetic events is developed in the present contribution. From a mechanical point of view, this chapter works under the assumption that the cell-wall interface is composed of two elastic shells, namely the wall and the cell membrane, linked by rheological elements representing the molecular bonds. Both the time and space fluctuations of several parameters related to the mutual affinity of ligands and receptors are described by stochastic field theory; especially, the individual rupture limits of the bonds are modelled in Fourier space from the spectral distribution of power. The bonds are modelled as macromolecular chains undergoing a nonlinear elastic deformation according to the commonly used freely joined chains model, while the cell membrane facing the ECM wall is modelled as a linear elastic plate. The cell itself is represented by an equivalent constant rigidity. Numerical simulations predict the sequence of broken bonds, as well as the newly established connections on the ‘adhesive part’ of the interface. The interplay between adhesion and rupture entails a rolling phenomenon. In the last part of this chapter, a model of the deformation induced by the random fluctuation of the protrusion force resulting from the variation of affinity with chemiotactic sources is calculated, using stochastic finite element methods in combination with the theory of Gaussian random variables.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document