scholarly journals The effect of transcranial electrostimulation on the frontal crust of students during a psychoemotional stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Azamat Halidovich Kade ◽  
Caida Kazbekovna Ahejak-Naguze ◽  
Viktor Vladimirovich Durov ◽  
Yulia Viktorovna Kashina ◽  
Elena Genadevna Tacenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Frontal Region ◽  
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Psychoemotional Stress ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Brain

Relevance: transcranial electrical stimulation has an anti-stress effect in humans. One of the possible mechanisms is due to changes in the functional state of the frontal region of the cerebral cortex.The aim: to evaluate the dynamics of tractography of the frontal region of the human cerebral cortex during psychoemotional stress before and after transcranial electrical stimulation. Materials and methods: Observations were performed on 26 conditionally healthy young men. Students assessed the level of stress resistance by N.N. Kirsheva, N.V. Ryabchikova and heart rate variability in the test period. Brain MRI was performed on a high-field tomograph (magnetic field strength 3 T) from General Electric (USA), followed by software processing and tractography. 16 subjects (main group) underwent transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) therapy. TES therapy was performed using the TRANSAIR-02 apparatus with monopolar impulses. Sessions were held in the evening from 18 to 22 hours every other day. The course consisted of 5 sessions of 30 minutes, the current strength was from 2.0 to 3.0 mA After a course of TES therapy, MRI of the brain and tractography were repeated. In the comparison group (10 people), TES therapy was not performed, but MRI and tractography were similarly repeated. The tractograms compared the area of the tracts in the frontal region of the cerebral cortex in both groups, as well as before and after TES therapy. For statistical analysis of the results of the study used the program: “STATISTICA 10”. Results: On the tractograms of the frontal cortex of the brain, in students experiencing stress due to the training load in the crediting period, the tract area on the tractogram was 7.9 ± 0.4 cm2. After 5 sessions of transcranial electrical stimulation, the level of stress resistance increased. On the tractograms of the frontal cortex, the area of the tracts increased and amounted to 13.4 ± 0.5 cm2.The conclusion: After transcranial electrical stimulation, when psychoemotional stress is removed, students restore paths in the frontal region of the cerebral cortex

Working Memory Training and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

2019 ◽  
pp. 105-130
Author(s):  
Jacky Au ◽  
Martin Buschkuehl ◽  
Susanne M. Jaeggi
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Working Memory Training ◽  
Memory Training ◽  
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Brain

The aim of this chapter is to contribute to the discussion of the cognitive neuroscience of brain stimulation. In doing so, the authors emphasize work from their own laboratory that focuses both on working memory training and transcranial direct current stimulation. Transcranial direct current stimulation is one of the most commonly used and extensively researched methods of transcranial electrical stimulation. The chapter focuses on implementation of transcranial direct current stimulation to enhance and inform research on working memory training, and not on the underlying mechanisms of transcranial direct current stimulation. Thus, while respecting the intricacies and unknowns of the inner workings of electrical stimulation on the brain, the chapter relies on the premise that transcranial direct current stimulation is able to directly affect the electrophysiological profile of the brain and provides evidence that this in turn can influence behavior given the right parameters.

scholarly journals Dataset of concurrent EEG, ECG, and behavior with multiple doses of transcranial electrical stimulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel Gebodh ◽  
Zeinab Esmaeilpour ◽  
Abhishek Datta ◽  
Marom Bikson
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Brain State ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Human Participant ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Unique Dataset

AbstractWe present a dataset combining human-participant high-density electroencephalography (EEG) with physiological and continuous behavioral metrics during transcranial electrical stimulation (tES). Data include within participant application of nine High-Definition tES (HD-tES) types, targeting three cortical regions (frontal, motor, parietal) with three stimulation waveforms (DC, 5 Hz, 30 Hz); more than 783 total stimulation trials over 62 sessions with EEG, physiological (ECG, EOG), and continuous behavioral vigilance/alertness metrics. Experiment 1 and 2 consisted of participants performing a continuous vigilance/alertness task over three 70-minute and two 70.5-minute sessions, respectively. Demographic data were collected, as well as self-reported wellness questionnaires before and after each session. Participants received all 9 stimulation types in Experiment 1, with each session including three stimulation types, with 4 trials per type. Participants received two stimulation types in Experiment 2, with 20 trials of a given stimulation type per session. Within-participant reliability was tested by repeating select sessions. This unique dataset supports a range of hypothesis testing including interactions of tDCS/tACS location and frequency, brain-state, physiology, fatigue, and cognitive performance.

scholarly journals Integrating electric field modelling and neuroimaging to explain inter-individual variability of tACS effects

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian H. Kasten ◽  
Katharina Duecker ◽  
Marike C. Maack ◽  
Arnd Meiser ◽  
Christoph S. Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Field Modelling ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Field Variability

AbstractUnderstanding variability of transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) effects is one of the major challenges in the brain stimulation community. Promising candidates to explain this variability are individual anatomy and the resulting differences of electric fields inside the brain. We integrated individual simulations of electric fields during tES with source-localization to predict variability of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) aftereffects on α-oscillations. In two experiments, participants received 20 minutes of either α-tACS (1 mA) or sham stimulation. Magnetoencephalogram was recorded for 10 minutes before and after stimulation. tACS caused a larger power increase in the α-band as compared to sham. The variability of this effect was significantly predicted by measures derived from individual electric field modelling. Our results directly link electric field variability to variability of tACS outcomes, stressing the importance of individualizing stimulation protocols and providing a novel approach to analyze tACS effects in terms of dose-response relationships.

Transcranial electrical stimulation and intraoperative neurophysiology of the corticospinal tract

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vedran Deletis ◽  
Francesco Sala ◽  
Sedat Ulkatan
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Corticospinal Tract ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Wave Collision

Transcranial electrical stimulation is a well-recognized method for corticospinal tract (CT) activation. This article explains the use of TES during surgery and highlights the physiology of the motor-evoked potentials (MEPs). It describes the techniques and methods for brain stimulation and recording of responses. There are two factors that determine the depth of the current penetrating the brain, they are: choice of electrode montage for stimulation over the scalp and the intensity of stimulation. D-wave collision technique is a newly developed technique that allows mapping intraoperatively and finding the anatomical position of the CT within the surgically exposed spinal cord. Different mechanisms may be involved in the pathophysiology of postoperative paresis in brain and spinal cord surgeries so that different MEP monitoring criteria can be used to avoid irreversible damage and accurately predict the prognosis.

scholarly journals Repetitive Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Induces Quantified Changes in Resting Cerebral Perfusion Measured from Arterial Spin Labeling

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew S. Sherwood ◽  
Aaron T. Madaris ◽  
Casserly R. Mullenger ◽  
R. Andy McKinley
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Arterial Spin Labeling ◽  
Cerebral Perfusion ◽  
Spin Labeling ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Noradrenergic System ◽  
Before And After

The use of transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) as a method to augment neural activity has increased in popularity in the last decade and a half. The specific application of TES to the left prefrontal cortex has been shown to produce broad cognitive effects; however, the neural mechanisms underlying these effects remain unknown. In this work, we evaluated the effect of repetitive TES on cerebral perfusion. Stimulation was applied to the left prefrontal cortex on three consecutive days, and resting cerebral perfusion was quantified before and after stimulation using arterial spin labeling. Perfusion was found to decrease significantly more in a matched sham stimulation group than in a group receiving active stimulation across many areas of the brain. These changes were found to originate in the locus coeruleus and were broadly distributed in the neocortex. The changes in the neocortex may be a direct result of the stimulation or an indirect result via the changes in the noradrenergic system produced from the altered activity of the locus coeruleus. These findings indicate that anodal left prefrontal stimulation alters the activity of the locus coeruleus, and this altered activity may excite the noradrenergic system producing the broad behavioral effects that have been reported.

scholarly journals Iron Deposition in the Brain Following the Ischemia in a Rat Model of Ischemic Tolerance

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viera Danielisová ◽  
Miroslava Némethová ◽  
Jozef Burda
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Ischemic Tolerance ◽  
Iron Deposition ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Vessel Occlusion ◽  
The Brain

Preconditioning of the brain by short-term ischemia increases brain tolerance to the subsequent severer ischemia. In this study, we investigated iron deposition in the cerebral cortex and the ischemic tolerance in a rat model of cerebral ischemia. Forebrain ischemia was induced by four-vessel occlusion for 5 min as ischemic preconditioning. Two days after preconditioning or after the sham-operation, the second ischemia was induced for 20 min. Changes in the cerebral cortex were examined after 1 to 8 weeks of recirculation following 20 min ischemia with or without preconditioning using the iron histochemistry. Granular deposits of the iron were found in the cytoplasm of the pyramidal cells in the layers III and V of the frontal cortex after 1 week of recirculation. When the rats were exposed to 5 min ischemia 2 days before 20 min lasting ischemia, the deposition of iron in the cytoplasm of the pyramidal cells in layers III and V of the frontal cortex was significantly lower during all periods of reperfusion. Preconditioning 5 min ischemia followed by 2 days of reperfusion before 20 min ischemia also prevented degeneration of the pyramidal neurons in layers III and V of the frontal cortex.

Neurochemical study of the mechanism of action of thymus peptides in emotional stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna V. Novoseletskaya ◽  
Nina M. Kiseleva
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Emotional Stress ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Avoidance Reaction ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Monoamines And Their Metabolites

A comparative study of the effect of the thymus hormone thymulin and thymus peptides (thymosin fraction 5) on the content of monoamines and their metabolites in the frontal cortex, striatum, adjacent nucleus, hypothalamus, hippocampus of the brain of Wistar rats, by high performance liquid chromatography, was performed. The hormone and peptides of the thymus were found to reduce emotional stress during functional impairment ofthe avoidance reaction and improved adaptation under stressful conditions in rats, which indicates the anti-stress effect of thymus hormones. The positive effect of the hormone and peptides of the thymus were manifested in a change in the balance of serotonin and norepinephrine in favor of the former in the hypothalamus and frontal cortex.

Excitability changes in vasomotor areas of the brain stem following D-tubocurarine

1959 ◽  
Vol 197 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarence N. Peiss ◽  
John W. Manning
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Total Dose ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Autonomic Ganglia ◽  
Pressor Responses ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cardiac Slowing ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Total Elimination ◽  
Stimulation Of

Cardiovascular responses to electrical stimulation of the medulla and hypothalamus have been studied before and after administration of d-tubocurarine. The drug was administered intravenously (100–150 gamma/kg) intracarotid (100–150 gamma/kg) and by direct microinjection into the medullary vasomotor area (3–15 gamma total dose). The possibility of autonomic ganglia or effector blockade was ruled out. Excitability of the medullary vasomotor area to electrical stimulation was depressed following injection of d-tubocurarine by any of the three routes. Partial to total elimination of pressor responses has been observed, as well as reversal from a pressor to a depressor response. Cardiac slowing resulting from stimulation of the dorsal vagal nucleus is abolished or greatly decreased by intracarotid injection of 150 gamma/kg of d-tubocurarine. Doses of this drug which depress the medulla had relatively little effect on similar cardiovascular responses elicited by stimulation of the hypothalamus.

scholarly journals III. A comparison of the latency periods of the ocular muscles on excitation of the frontal and occipito-temporal regions of the brain

1888 ◽  
Vol 43 (258-265) ◽  
pp. 411-412 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Frontal Region ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Middle Temporal ◽  
Posterior Limb ◽  
The Brain

Conjugate deviation of the eyes to the opposite side is produced by excitation of entirely different regions of the cerebral cortex. The parts which when electrically excited produce this movement are: (1) An area in the frontal region of the hemisphere which is included in the motor or psychomotor zone of authors; (2) the superior temporal gyrus; (3) the upper end of the middle temporal gyrus; (4) the posterior limb of the angular gyrus; (5) the whole cortex of the occipital lobe including its mesial and under surfaces; (6) the quadrate lobule.

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