scholarly journals Belarus’ external debt in the context of the pandemic and ways to resolve it

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-489
Author(s):  
Anna D. Gracheva ◽  
Elena A. Miroshina
Keyword(s):  
External Debt ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Level Of Confidence ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Political Protests ◽  
Special Weight ◽  
The Government

The changes in the amount of the external debt of Belarus depending on various factors are analyzed. The study found that the consequences of the epidemic COVID-19 had a significant impact on the increase in the amount of external debt. In addition, political protests against the government have a special weight in the reasons for the growth of Belarus external debt, since their consequences significantly reduced the level of confidence on the part of foreign investors, which led to a fall in the ruble. The role of foreign countries as the main creditors in the external debt of Belarus, as well as in the economy of Belarus as a whole is examined, and the importance of the Belarusian friendship with Russia is considered. In conclusion, an assessment of the structure of the Belarusian economy and methods of its regulation is carried out, and then possible ways of settling the Belarusian debt are presented.

Economic diplomacy: pandemic effect

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-97
Author(s):  
Tatyana Leonidovna Musatova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
New World ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Economic Diplomacy ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The article analyzes the impact of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic crisis on the foreign policy and diplomacy of states, including economic diplomacy. ED is interpreted as a multi-sided multi-faceted activity, an integral part of foreign policy aimed at protecting the national interests and economic security of the country. Given the interdepartmental nature of the ED, the presence of numerous actors and agents, not only state, but also public and business structures, political and foreign economic coordination on the part of the Foreign Ministries is of great importance, and this role of foreign policy departments is increasing during the pandemic crisis. The activity of the ED of Russia in 2020 was generally successful, among the main results: active participation of diplomats in the anti-epidemic work of the Government of the Russian Federation, including export flights, provision of emergency assistance by compatriots abroad, assistance to foreign countries; measures to promote the Russian vaccine in the world, establish its production abroad, and thus win new world markets for medicines; settlement of the pricing crisis on the world oil market with the leading role of Russia and Saudi Arabia; adjustment of double taxation agreements with a number of foreign countries, taking into account the domestic economic needs of the country; the growing experience of BRICS, this interstate association, which did not know the crisis, including its fight against epidemiological diseases, during the period of Russia’s presidency in the BRICS; further steps to deepen integration within the EAEU; Russia’s success in the eastern direction of foreign policy, in the development of trade exchanges and epidemiological cooperation with the ASEAN and APEC states. The new world crisis has become a catalyst for the convergence of ED methods with scientific and public diplomacy, with other diplomatic cultures that can be combined under the general name of civil diplomacy. Such a separation is required to protect the legacy of professional diplomacy, the popularity and use of which methods is growing significantly. ED, as an integral part of official diplomacy, is presented as a mediator between classical and civil diplomacy. It provides civil society with an example of the more rigorous, pragmatic, resultsoriented work that the current pandemic crisis requires.

scholarly journals GLOBALISASI, PERUBAHAN STRUKTUR EKONOMI, DAN REPOSISI BIROKRASI (STUDI KASUS OTONOMI DAERAH GRESIK-SIDOARJO, 1974-1999)

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 364
Author(s):  
Suparjono Suparjono
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Economic Liberalization ◽  
Capital Inflows ◽  
Local Autonomy ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Market Driven ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to explains the impact of globalization and economic liberalization on Indonesia's economic structure and as a result, the increase of local original income (PAD) in the regions of Gresik and of Sidoarjo to support the implementation of local autonomy under Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 197-1. Entering the decade of l980's the government of Indonesia decided to reform its economic structure from a state-led development into a market-driven development by launching a package of deregulations. This, in turn, had an impact on capital inflows from foreign countries as well as increasing trade between Indonesia and other countries. These developments resulted in the emergence and the growth of industrial and trade regions in Indonesia, particularly in the regions ofGresik and ofSidoarjo. However, it brought about a marginal increase in PAD.  Therefore, the role of PAD had also been marginal in the process of implementing local autonomy.  Thus; this study concluded that the reposition of bureaucracy was an important action necessarily taken by the local government to improve its capability in implementing local autonomy.

scholarly journals THE GOVERNMENT BY THE PEOPLE – THE FOUNDATION OF A DEMOCRATIC STATE

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3(65)) ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Александр Фёдорович МАЛЫЙ ◽  
Алмаз Альбертович НИГМЕТЗЯНОВ ◽  
Игорь Геннадиевич НИКИТЕНКО
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Constitutional Principle ◽  
The People ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Government

The forms of direct expression of the will of the people are diverse, and their use is the basis for the functioning of a democratic state. Their research remains relevant due to the objective changes in social relations and the accompanying political technologies. Purpose: to focus on the analysis of legislation that changes in the light of political considerations, to show the role of society in setting priorities for the development of particular relations, and to use the experience of foreign countries in analyzing such a form of expression of will as a referendum. Methods: the authors use comparison, description, interpretation, theoretical methods of formal logic. Special scientific methods such as legal-dogmatic and interpretation of legal norms are used. Results: the study concludes that there is no alternative to the government by the people as a constitutional principle that balances the interests of all segments of society. It is important to take into account the experience of other countries, which provides a wealth material for analysis.

scholarly journals NEW STUDY IN THE SPHERE OF WATER-RELATED ACTIVITIES

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Владимир Кузнецов ◽  
Vladimir Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Practical Experience ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Water Legislation ◽  
The Government

The article is the review of D. O. Sivakov’s monograph “Tendencies in Legal Regulation of Water-Related Activities”. D. O. Sivakov is a leading research fellow of the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation, a specialist and author of researches in the sphere of water and environmental legislation. The author analyses the study under review from the perspective how this study assesses the role of the state in the water resources management. The author supports the reexamination by D. O. Sivakov of the conceptual framework of the water legislation through the lens of proposed legalization of the “water-related activities” concept. The author’s conclusion resulting from the comparison of practical experience in water bodies’ management in a number of foreign countries is worth noticing. As such, the author focuses on the public services by non-governmental organizations and entities of the parties to the water relations. In his study the author confines himself to a simple enumeration of powers of some state bodies in the water services sphere, which is evidently not enough for building a holistic picture of tendencies in the legal regulation of waterrelated activities.

scholarly journals The Role of Wali Nanggroe Institution to Realize Peace in the Asymmetric Decentralization: the Case of Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 369
Author(s):  
Delfi Suganda ◽  
Retno Saraswati ◽  
Nabitatus Sa'adah
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Democratic Process ◽  
International Peace ◽  
Peace Agreement ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Free Aceh Movement ◽  
The Government

<p><em>This article aimed to analyze the role and chances of the Wali Nanggroe in its involvement in international peace and its relation to the implementation of special autonomy in Aceh. One of the functions mandated by the qanun (local laws) of Wali Nanggroe Institution is participation in local, national, and international peace. The participation of Wali Nanggroe Institution to be part of regional, national and international peace is an exciting study because most of Wali Nanggroe's members are currently former officials and former combatants of the Free Aceh Movement. This research will analyze the opportunities of the Wali Nanggroe Institute in its involvement in the world and its relation to the implementation of special autonomy in Aceh. This research shows the peace will continue after the peace agreement because many Acehnese leaders, former GAM leaders, believe that the MOU can bring Aceh to a self-government system through a peaceful and democratic process.</em> <em>that several opportunities can be used by it to carry out the function of peace, among others, the first is strong support from local political parties because Wali Nanggroe is an "old man" in Aceh; Third, good relations between Wali Nanggroe and foreign countries or bodies, as well as Wali Nanggroe's own experience in the negotiation process with the Government of Indonesia to realize the understanding of the Helsinki MoU in Finland.</em></p>

scholarly journals Are Mountain Areas Attractive for Investments? The Case of the Alpine Provinces in Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-493
Author(s):  
Dario Musolino ◽  
Alessia Silvetti
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Physical Geography ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Marginal Areas ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government

AbstractIn the increasing territorial competition to attract productive investments in the age of globalization, mountain areas have a role to play, if they wish to find new (exogenous) resources to diversify their economy and to develop sustainably in the future. This means that they have either to be, or to become attractive. Attractiveness for investments is an issue rarely studied with respect to mountain areas. This paper casts light on the attractiveness of the Italian Alpine provinces, using quantitative and qualitative data coming from a research on the stated locational preferences of entrepreneurs in Italy. According to the findings, it is not said that mountain areas are unattractive, due to their characteristics in terms of physical geography and accessibility. Instead, a different perspective on geography itself (Alpine areas bordering with foreign countries), and the role of the government, can make even marginal areas like mountain areas rather attractive for investments. Therefore, policy-makers should identify and strengthen all possible locational advantages that can strengthen the attractiveness of these areas.

scholarly journals PLACE OF CUSTOMS PAYMENTS IN THE COUNTRY'S BUDGET

2020 ◽  
pp. 319-324
Author(s):  
T.M. Asanaliev ◽  
K. Stalbek uulu ◽  
A.K. Toktalieva
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Import And Export ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Favorable Conditions

In a market economy, the role of customs payments is great and their functions are diverse. These functions are closely related to the country's economy. To fulfill the fiscal function, the customs authorities transfer to the budget an amount that is approximately 30-35% of the total income of our state, more precisely, it goes to the budget with over 42 billion soms per year. Also, in order to protect domestic producers, the domestic market and preserve the stability of the country, the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic issues appropriate decrees aimed at regulating the import and export of goods by increasing or decreasing the rates of import customs duties. This is the protectionist function of customs payments. Examples are the introduction of regulations on imported sugar products, the introduction of customs duties on agricultural products - corn, barley. The accession of the Kyrgyz Republic to the WTO in 1998 created favorable conditions for the rapid development of foreign trade. On this basis, the number of agreements concluded by foreign trade entrepreneurs of the Kyrgyz Republic with foreign partners is growing every year. This, of course, will strengthen the Kyrgyz Republic's ties with foreign countries and strengthen the unity of the two peoples.

Economic Diplomacy. Pandemic effect

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Musatova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
New World ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Economic Diplomacy ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The article analyzes the impact of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic crisis on the foreign policy and diplomacy of states, including economic diplomacy. ED is interpreted as a multi-sided multi-faceted activity, an integral part of foreign policy aimed at protecting the national interests and economic security of the country. Given the interdepartmental nature of the ED, the presence of numerous actors and agents, not only state, but also public and business structures, political and foreign economic coordination on the part of the Foreign Ministries is of great importance, and this role of foreign policy departments is increasing during the pandemic crisis. The activity of the ED of Russia in 2020 was generally successful, among the main results: active participation of diplomats in the anti-epidemic work of the Government of the Russian Federation, including export fl ights, provision of emergency assistance by compatriots abroad, assistance to foreign countries; — measures to promote the Russian vaccine in the world, establish its production abroad, and thus win new world markets for medicines; — settlement of the pricing crisis on the world oil market with the leading role of Russia and Saudi Arabia; — adjustment of double taxation agreements with a number of foreign countries, taking into account the domestic economic needs of the country; — the growing experience of BRICS, this interstate association, which did not know the crisis, including its fi ght against epidemiological diseases, during the period of Russia's presidency in the BRICS; — further steps to deepen integration within the EAEU; — Russia's success in the eastern direction of foreign policy, in the development of trade exchanges and epidemiological cooperation with the ASEAN and APEC states. The new world crisis has become a catalyst for the convergence of ED methods with scientifi c and public diplomacy, with other diplomatic cultures that can be combined under the general name of civil diplomacy. Such a separation is required to protect the legacy of professional diplomacy, the popularity and use of which methods is growing signifi cantly. ED, as an integral part of offi cial diplomacy, is presented as a mediator between classical and civil diplomacy. It provides civil society with an example of the more rigorous, pragmatic, results-oriented work that the current pandemic crisis requires.

scholarly journals THE IMPLICATIONS OF FINANCING HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE CONTEXT OF LABOUR FORCE MIGRATION: THE CASE OF LITHUANIA

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dainora Grundey ◽  
Miglė Sarvutytė
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Higher Education Policy ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Government ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
Role Of The Government ◽  
Financing Higher Education

This paper aims at presenting a conceptually new model of labour force migration in relation to the higher education policy making and the role of the Government in this process. The concept of human capital development stands out as the main theoretical backbone in this paper, comprising the aspects of financing the higher education and any realities, of how educated specialists could return (if at all) the Government's subsidies provided in their education process, especially in case of their migration to foreign countries. As Lithuania, alongside with other new EU member‐states, such as Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Latvia etc, experiences a ‘brain‐drain’ effect on its labour force market, which, consequently, has a crucial impact on the equilibrium of skilled and unskilled workforce in the listed countries. Therefore the authors raise a question, whether the labour force migration process could be managed, controlled or monitored?

On retroeconomy

2017 ◽  
pp. 148-159
Author(s):  
V. Papava
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
International Competition ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government

This paper analyzes the problem of technological backwardness of economy. In many mostly developing countries their economies use obsolete technologies. This can create the illusion that this or that business is prosperous. At the level of international competition, however, it is obvious that these types of firms do not have any chance for success. Retroeconomics as a theory of technological backwardness and its detrimental effect upon a country’s economy is considered in the paper. The role of the government is very important for overcoming the effects of retroeconomy. The phenomenon of retroeconomy is already quite deep-rooted throughout the world and it is essential to consolidate the attention of economists and politicians on this threat.

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