scholarly journals STUDY PENGARUH KANDUNGAN AMILOSA DAN AMILOPEKTIN UMBI-UMBIAN TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK FISIK PLASTIK BIODEGRADABLE DENGAN Plastizicer GLISEROL

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khairun Nisah
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Thickness Measurement ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Biodegradable Plastic ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sago Starch ◽  
Chemical Laboratory ◽  
Error Factor

Amylose and Amylopectin is the material on starch which is the raw material of making Biodegradable plastic, but easy to tear (brittle), so need addition of plasticizer. In this study using Glycerol as plasticizer. This research was conducted at Polymer Chemical Laboratory of University of Sumatera Utara and Physics Laboratory of FMIPA and Universitas Syahkuala with the aim to make Biodegradable plastic and know physical characteristics of three types of tuber starch with addition of glycerol plasticizer. The experiment was compiled using a complete randomized factorial design with three replications. Factors are the types of starch (sago starch, arrowroot, and cassava). Observations include chemical and physical properties of starches and physical properties of biodegradable plastics. Data obtained for Amylose and Amylopectin content are the biggest Sagu starch (21.7% - 62.51%), starch (19.4% - 59.35%) and wood starch (18.0% 60,15%. The result showed that Amilosa and Amilopectin content highly influenced tensile strength and elongation of Biodegradable plastic. The higher the Amylose value, the value of tensile strength and elongation of Biodegradable plastic increasingly but for sago starch has elongation value and strength of tensile strength (97,83 kgf / mm2 - 4,83%) for starch (98,97 kgf / mm2 - 3,38%) and cassava starch (89.83 kgf / mm2 - 2.26%), this occurs because of the impurity and error factor in the thickness measurement of Biodegradable plastic.

POTENSI PENGEMBANGAN PLASTIK BIODEGRADABLE BERBASIS PATI SAGU DAN UBIKAYU DI INDONESIA / The Development Potential of Sago and Cassava Starch-Based Biodegradable Plastic in Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Elmi Kamsiati ◽  
Heny Herawati ◽  
Endang Yuli Purwani
Keyword(s):  
Production Technology ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Biodegradable Plastics ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Packaging Material ◽  
Biodegradable Plastic ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Main Ingredient ◽  
Production Stages

<p>Plastic is a packaging materials that are widely used but has an adverse impact on the environment because it is difficult to degrade in nature. Production technology of biodegradable plastics from natural resources that have characteristic environmentally friendly has developed. Starch-based biodegradable plastic is a widely developed type because the production process is simple and the raw materials more readily available. The starch of cassava and sago has potential as a raw material of biodegradable plastic because of the availability and its characteristic. Also, to make starch as the main ingredient, plasticizers and structural strengthening materials are required to produce biodegradable plastic with excellent characteristics. The production stages of biodegradable plastics include mixing, heating, and casting. The starch-based biodegradable plastic that can apply to an environmentally friendly packaging material has an excellent opportunity developed in Indonesia.</p><p>Keywords: Starch, sago, cassava, biodegradable plastics, production technology</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Plastik merupakan bahan pengemas yang banyak digunakan namun berdampak buruk bagi lingkungan karena sulit terdegradasi di alam. Teknologi produksi plastik biodegradable atau bioplastik yang dibuat dari bahan alami dan ramah lingkungan sudah mulai dikembangkan. Plastik biodegradable berbahan dasar pati relatif lebih mudah diproduksi dan bahan baku mudah diperoleh. Pati ubi kayu dan sagu memiliki potensi sebagai bahan baku plastik biodegradable ditinjau dari ketersediaan dan karakteristiknya. Selain pati sebagai bahan utama, diperlukan pula plastisizer atau bahan pemlastis dan bahan penguat struktur untuk menghasilkan plastik biodegradable dengan karakteristik yang baik. Tahapan produksinya meliputi pencampuran, pemanasan, dan pencetakan. Plastik biodegradable berbahan dasar pati dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pengemas yang ramah lingkungan dan berpeluang besar dikembangkan.</p><p>Kata kunci: Pati, sagu, ubi kayu, bioplastik, teknologi produksi</p>

scholarly journals Changes in physical properties of extruded sour cassava starch and quinoa flour blend snacks

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 826-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia Giolo Taverna ◽  
Magali Leonel ◽  
Martha Maria Mischan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Single Screw Extruder ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Quinoa Flour

Given the broad acceptance of sour cassava starch biscuits in Brazil and the nutritional quality of quinoa flour, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of extrusion temperature, screw speed, moisture, and amount of quinoa flour on the physical properties of puffed snacks. Extrusion process was carried out using a single-screw extruder in a factorial central composite design with four factors. Effects of moisture and amount of quinoa flour on the expansion index and specific volume of snacks were observed. There was a pronounced increase in water solubility index of blends with the extrusion process with significant effects of all process parameters on the WSI. Higher water absorption index (WAI) was observed under high temperature, low moisture, and lower quinoa flour amount. Temperature and amount of quinoa flour influenced the color of the snacks. A positive quadratic effect of quinoa flour on hardness of products was observed. Blends of sour cassava starch and quinoa flour have good potential for use as raw material in production of extruded snacks with good physical properties.

scholarly journals POTENSI KERTAS SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PAPER ROPES (POTENTIAL OF PAPER AS THE RAW MATERIAL FOR PAPER ROPES)

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (02) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Mungki Septian Romas ◽  
Ikhwan Pramuaji ◽  
Lies Indriati ◽  
Sonny Kurnia Wirawan
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Paper Surface ◽  
Water Barrier ◽  
Reduced Water

One of the raw materials furniture common in Indonesia is rattan. Because of the availability of local rattan is very limited so that it is necessary to find alternative raw materials that can be used to substitute the rattan. Paper ropes made from spinning paper, is one of alternative that can be utilized. Paper ropes making from various spinning papers have been studied. Some types of paper were used in this experiment. The spinning papers were characterized and treated to modify its surface properties especially to increase their water resistance. Paper ropes making were done by using the twisting machine and then the physical properties of paper ropes resulted were tested. The results showed that paper surface treatment increased tensile strength, and reduced water absorption and porosity of treated papers. The use of water barrier chemicals and adhesive are effective in increasing water resistance of paper surface. Decreased water absorption and porosity are  20% - 43% and 30% - 98%, respectively. Based on this result, paper ropes is potential to become an alternative raw material for furniture.  ABSTRAKSalah satu bahan baku furnitur umum di Indonesia adalah rotan. Karena ketersediaan rotan lokal sangat terbatas sehingga diperlukan untuk mencari bahan baku alternatif yang dapat digunakan untuk menggantikan rotan. Paper ropes yang terbuat dari spinning paper, merupakan salah satu alternatif yang dapat dimanfaatkan. Pembuatan paper ropes dari berbagai jenis spinning paper telah dipelajari pada penelitian ini. Beberapa jenis kertas digunakan dalam percobaan ini. Spinning paper dikarakterisasi dan diperlakukan khusus untuk memodifikasi sifat permukaannya terutama untuk meningkatkan ketahanan airnya. Pembuatan paper ropes dilakukan dengan menggunakan mesin pemilin dan pengujian sifat fisik paper ropes telah dilakukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan khusus permukaan kertas meningkatkan kekuatan tarik, dan mengurangi penyerapan air dan porositas. Penggunaan bahan kimia water barrier dan adhesif cukup efektif dalam meningkatkan ketahanan air permukaan kertas.  Penurunan penyerapan air dan porositas masing-masing sebesar 20% - 43% dan 30% - 98%. Berdasarkan hasil ini, paper ropes memiliki potensi sebagai bahan bahan baku alternatif untuk furnitur.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF COMPOSITION OF CNT (CARBON NANOTUBE) ON THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BIOPLASTIC MADE FROM CASSAVA STARCH

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Masitoh Mangsur ◽  
Akbar Hanif Dawam Abdullah ◽  
Rahmat Firman Septiyanto ◽  
Yus Rama Denny Muchtar ◽  
Isriyanti Affifah
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Hot Press

Bioplastics are starch-based polymers that are easily degraded by microorganisms, so they can be used as an alternative to the use of conventional plastics. In this research, bioplastics made from cassava starch was made using glycerol as plasticizer and used MWCNTs (Multi-Wall CNTs) type CNT as reinforcement with variations in the composition of 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%. Bioplastics are made with a dry method (dry blending) with stages of pre-mixing, mixing, hot press and cold press. Characteristics of bioplastic starch/CNT include tensile strength, biodegradation and morphological. The test results show that the addition of CNT composition affects the mechanical properties of bioplastics. The optimum value of tensile strength occurred in the addition of 2% CNT at 13.52 MPa. Biodegradable test results using the Aspergillus niger mushroom prove that bioplastic starch/CNT can be degraded well. The results of morphological characteristics in the form of SEM results showed that 3% bioplastic starch / CNT had cracks and resulted in decreased tensile strength. FTIR test results indicate the presence of a new functional group C≡C because of the addition of CNT.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH DAUN NANAS (Ananas comosus) SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PEMBUATAN PLASTIK BIODEGRADABLE

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Maria Natalia ◽  
Wirananditami Hazrifawati ◽  
Doni Rahmat Wicakso
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Biodegradable Plastic ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Cellulose Solution ◽  
Plastic Degradation ◽  
Pineapple Leaves

Biodegradable plastic (bioplastics) is a polymer that can be degraded and made from renewable sources, including cellulose obtained from pineapple leaves. The purpose of this study is to determine the mechanical properties of bioplastics from cellulose, determine the optimum conditions based on the concentration of chitosan variations on cellulose solution and the addition of glycerol plasticizers to the mechanical properties of biodegradable plastic produced. This study begins with the manufacture of cellulose from pineapple leaves through a process of delignification and bleaching and then making biodegradable plastic 1% cellulose raw material with a variation of chitosan with a variation of 1%; 2%; 3% and the addition of plasticizer glycerol 1%, 2% and 3% (v/v). The results obtained will be observed by tensile tests, SEM tests, swelling tests, and biodegradation. The results obtained in the morphological test with the SEM test showed that cellulose was not evenly distributed. The tensile strength test for the addition of chitosan showed that the concentration of 3% had the highest tensile strength value of 11.8 MPa while the tensile strength of the addition of glycerol showed that the concentration of 3% had the highest tensile strength value of 3.6 MPa. The swelling test shows that glycerol concentration influences biodegradable plastic water resistance and glycerol 3% has the highest percentage of water resistance, 16.6%. In the biodegradable plastic degradation test with 3% glycerol experiencing the fastest degradation, this shows that glycerol has an effect on biodegradable plastic degradation

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penambahan Tepung Tapioka Pada Pati Ubi Kayu (Manihot esculenta) Terhadap Pembuatan Plastik Biodegradable dan Karakterisasinya

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
Abdul Rahim ◽  
Rustam Musta
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Biodegradable Plastics ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Biodegradable Plastic ◽  
Percent Elongation ◽  
Tapioca Flour

Research on Biodegradable Plastic Characterization of Cassava Wastes (manihot esculenta) Substitution of Tapioca Flour. As Biodegradable Plastics Base Material. This study aims to determine the ratio of cassava starch to tapioca starch which produces the best biodegradable plastic which is then used for testing the physical and mechanical properties of biodegradable plastic film using 5% acetic acid. Comparison of cassava starch with tapioca flour used is 1 : 1; 1 : 1,5; 1 : 2; 1 : 2,5; 1 : 3. The best plastics are obtained by comparison of cassava starch with tapioca flour is 1 : 3. The characteristics of biodegradable plastics include physical characteristics consisting of thickness with value 0,273 mm, 0,286 mm, 0,413 mm, 0,280 mm, dan 0,510 mm. While the mechanical characteristics consist of tensile strength with value 0,22138 MPa, 2,10724 MPa, 0,78896 MPa, 3,25933 Mpa, dan 0,508 Mpa. Percent lengthening with value 42%, 32,8%, 55,6%, 20%, dan 31,6%. Based on the result of research, it can be concluded that the value of thickness, percent elongation, and tensile strength are influenced by the comparative formula used.Keywords:  Biodegradable plastic, physical properties, mechanics, cassava starch, tapioca flour

scholarly journals Degradation Study of Biodegradable Plastic Using Nata De Coco as A Filler

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Tiara Nur Elfiana ◽  
Anisa Nur Izza Fitria ◽  
Endaruji Sedyadi ◽  
Susy Yunita Prabawati ◽  
Irwan Nugraha
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Biodegradable Plastics ◽  
Biodegradable Plastic ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wave Number ◽  
Degradation Study ◽  
Astm Method ◽  
Wave Numbers ◽  
Value Range

Starch is known as a biodegradable raw material that can be degraded by bacteria and microorganisms in the soil. Starch has cellulose which is kind of plant cellulose. This study shows the biodegradation rates of plastic made from Ganyong Canna (Canna edulis Kerr) as a cellulose source which is added with nata de coco as a filler. The biodegradable plastic functional group was confirmed by using FITR. The results show that the O-H group of Ganyong Canna (Canna edulis Kerr) biodegradable plastic is located at wave number 3298.03 cm-1 and shifted to 3290.32 cm-1 after addition of nata de coco. The C-H bonds functional groups in Canna biodegradable plastics and nata de coco plastics are at wave numbers 2920.01 cm-1 and 2916.16 cm-1. While the C-O bonds functional groups in biodegradable starch plastics and nata de coco is shown at wave numbers 995.05 cm-1. The mechanical properties of biodegradable plastics testing are thickness, tensile strength, and elongation based on the ASTM method. The thickness is about 0.1005 mm, the tensile strength of biodegradable plastic is 4,3244 MPa and the elongation value range about 13.9639% while the WVTR range about 14.20 g/m² hours. The results show that the increase of the plastic degradation made from nata de coco occurs between 5% - 38% per days. It is faster than the plastic made from pure Ganyong Canna (Canna edulis Kerr) starch. These results indicate that nata de coco could be added in biodegradable plastic on packaging materials for better degradation.

scholarly journals Variasi Volume Gliserol terhadap Sifat Fisis Plastik Biodegradable Berbahan Dasar Pati Ubi Kayu (Manihot Esculenta Cranz)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-78
Author(s):  
Marsi D.S Bani
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Biodegradable Plastic ◽  
Main Ingredient ◽  
Steel Mold ◽  
Plastic Films

Abstract:The use of starch as the main ingredient in making plastic has great potential especially in Indonesia with various starch-producing plants. To obtain bioplastics, starch is added with glycerol plasticizer, so that the plastic is more flexible and elastic. In this study, cassava starch (Manihot esculenta cranz) was used and the volume of glycerol as plasticizer was varied by 2 ml, 3 ml and 4 ml. The aim to be achieved in this study was to determine the volume variation of glycerol against the tensile strength of environmentally friendly biodegradable plastic films made from cassava starch. In addition, to find out what is the density of environmentally friendly biodegradable plastic films made from cassava starch. Cassava starch was obtained by isolating cassava starch 15 grams and then mixed with 2 ml glycerol (varied 3 ml and 4 ml) and 50 ml of aquades then heated while stirring with magnetic stirrer to form a thick dough. The mixture is then printed on a stainless steel mold. The results obtained in the form of thin sheets of plastic film that has been tested for tensile strength and density. After that followed by morphological analysis. The results of the biodegradable plastic characterization for tensile strength of plastic films with volume variations of glycerol 2 ml, 3 ml and 4 ml respectively as follows: 0.001 Mpa 0.069 Mpa 0.005 Mpa. For the density of biodegradable plastics for variations in volume of glycerol 2 ml, 3 ml and 4 ml respectively 0.0009 g / mm3, 0.0015 g / mm3 and 0.0014 g / mm3.Abstrak:Penggunaan pati sebagai bahan utama pembuatan plastik memiliki potensi yang besar terlebih lagi di Indonesia terdapat berbagai tanaman penghasil pati. Untuk memperoleh bioplastik, pati ditambahkan dengan plastisizer gliserol, sehingga diperoleh plastik yang lebih fleksible dan elastis. Pada penelitian ini digunakan pati ubi kayu (Manihot esculenta cranz) dan volume gliserol sebagai plastisizer divariasikan sebanyak 2 ml, 3 ml dan 4 ml. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui variasi volume Gliserol terhadap kuat tarik film plastik biodegradable ramah lingkungan berbahan dasar pati ubi kayu. Selain itu untuk mengetahui berapa densitas film plastik biodegradable ramah lingkungan berbahan dasar pati ubi kayu. Pati ubi kayu diperoleh dengan mengisolasi pati ubi kayu 15 gram kemudian dicampurkan dengan 2 ml gliserol (divariasikan 3 ml dan 4 ml) dan 50 ml aquades kemudian dipanaskan sambil diaduk dengan magnetik stirerr hingga berbentuk adonan yang kental. Campuran tersebut kemudian dicetak pada cetakan stainless steel. Hasil yang diperoleh berupa lembaran tipis film plastik yang telah diuji kekuatan tarik dan densitasnya. Setelah itu dilanjutkan dengan analisa morfologi. Hasil karakterisasi plastik biodegradable untuk kuat tarik film plastik dengan variasi volume gliserol 2 ml, 3 ml dan 4 ml berturut-turut sebagai berikut: 0.001 Mpa 0,069 Mpa 0.005 Mpa. Untuk densitas dari plastik biodegradable untuk variasi volume gliserol 2 ml, 3 ml dan 4 ml berturut-turut adalah 0.0009 g/mm3, 0.0015 g/mm3 dan 0.0014 g/mm3.

DURIMPHY

Alloy Digest ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Precipitation Hardening ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Yield Strength ◽  
Precision Alloys ◽  
Very High

Abstract Durimphy is a maraging steel with 1724 MPa (250 ksi) tensile strength and a very high yield strength due to precipitation hardening. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: FE-140. Producer or source: Metalimphy Precision Alloys.

CENTRI-CAST GRAY IRON 50

Alloy Digest ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Machine Tools ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Gray Iron ◽  
Centrifugally Cast ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nominal Tensile Strength ◽  
Cast Gray Iron

Abstract CENTRI-CAST GRAY IRON 50 is a centrifugally cast gray iron with a nominal tensile strength of 50,000 psi. It is cast in the form of tubing which has a wide range of uses in applications where size and shape are of paramount importance and freedom from pattern cost is an important consideration. Among its many applications are farm machinery, seals, bushings, machine tools and general machinery uses. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, microstructure, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and compressive and shear strength as well as fatigue. It also includes information on casting, heat treating, machining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: CI-51. Producer or source: Federal Bronze Products Inc..

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