scholarly journals Variasi Volume Gliserol terhadap Sifat Fisis Plastik Biodegradable Berbahan Dasar Pati Ubi Kayu (Manihot Esculenta Cranz)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-78
Author(s):  
Marsi D.S Bani
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Biodegradable Plastic ◽  
Main Ingredient ◽  
Steel Mold ◽  
Plastic Films

Abstract:The use of starch as the main ingredient in making plastic has great potential especially in Indonesia with various starch-producing plants. To obtain bioplastics, starch is added with glycerol plasticizer, so that the plastic is more flexible and elastic. In this study, cassava starch (Manihot esculenta cranz) was used and the volume of glycerol as plasticizer was varied by 2 ml, 3 ml and 4 ml. The aim to be achieved in this study was to determine the volume variation of glycerol against the tensile strength of environmentally friendly biodegradable plastic films made from cassava starch. In addition, to find out what is the density of environmentally friendly biodegradable plastic films made from cassava starch. Cassava starch was obtained by isolating cassava starch 15 grams and then mixed with 2 ml glycerol (varied 3 ml and 4 ml) and 50 ml of aquades then heated while stirring with magnetic stirrer to form a thick dough. The mixture is then printed on a stainless steel mold. The results obtained in the form of thin sheets of plastic film that has been tested for tensile strength and density. After that followed by morphological analysis. The results of the biodegradable plastic characterization for tensile strength of plastic films with volume variations of glycerol 2 ml, 3 ml and 4 ml respectively as follows: 0.001 Mpa 0.069 Mpa 0.005 Mpa. For the density of biodegradable plastics for variations in volume of glycerol 2 ml, 3 ml and 4 ml respectively 0.0009 g / mm3, 0.0015 g / mm3 and 0.0014 g / mm3.Abstrak:Penggunaan pati sebagai bahan utama pembuatan plastik memiliki potensi yang besar terlebih lagi di Indonesia terdapat berbagai tanaman penghasil pati. Untuk memperoleh bioplastik, pati ditambahkan dengan plastisizer gliserol, sehingga diperoleh plastik yang lebih fleksible dan elastis. Pada penelitian ini digunakan pati ubi kayu (Manihot esculenta cranz) dan volume gliserol sebagai plastisizer divariasikan sebanyak 2 ml, 3 ml dan 4 ml. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui variasi volume Gliserol terhadap kuat tarik film plastik biodegradable ramah lingkungan berbahan dasar pati ubi kayu. Selain itu untuk mengetahui berapa densitas film plastik biodegradable ramah lingkungan berbahan dasar pati ubi kayu. Pati ubi kayu diperoleh dengan mengisolasi pati ubi kayu 15 gram kemudian dicampurkan dengan 2 ml gliserol (divariasikan 3 ml dan 4 ml) dan 50 ml aquades kemudian dipanaskan sambil diaduk dengan magnetik stirerr hingga berbentuk adonan yang kental. Campuran tersebut kemudian dicetak pada cetakan stainless steel. Hasil yang diperoleh berupa lembaran tipis film plastik yang telah diuji kekuatan tarik dan densitasnya. Setelah itu dilanjutkan dengan analisa morfologi. Hasil karakterisasi plastik biodegradable untuk kuat tarik film plastik dengan variasi volume gliserol 2 ml, 3 ml dan 4 ml berturut-turut sebagai berikut: 0.001 Mpa 0,069 Mpa 0.005 Mpa. Untuk densitas dari plastik biodegradable untuk variasi volume gliserol 2 ml, 3 ml dan 4 ml berturut-turut adalah 0.0009 g/mm3, 0.0015 g/mm3 dan 0.0014 g/mm3.

POTENSI PENGEMBANGAN PLASTIK BIODEGRADABLE BERBASIS PATI SAGU DAN UBIKAYU DI INDONESIA / The Development Potential of Sago and Cassava Starch-Based Biodegradable Plastic in Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Elmi Kamsiati ◽  
Heny Herawati ◽  
Endang Yuli Purwani
Keyword(s):  
Production Technology ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Biodegradable Plastics ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Packaging Material ◽  
Biodegradable Plastic ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Main Ingredient ◽  
Production Stages

<p>Plastic is a packaging materials that are widely used but has an adverse impact on the environment because it is difficult to degrade in nature. Production technology of biodegradable plastics from natural resources that have characteristic environmentally friendly has developed. Starch-based biodegradable plastic is a widely developed type because the production process is simple and the raw materials more readily available. The starch of cassava and sago has potential as a raw material of biodegradable plastic because of the availability and its characteristic. Also, to make starch as the main ingredient, plasticizers and structural strengthening materials are required to produce biodegradable plastic with excellent characteristics. The production stages of biodegradable plastics include mixing, heating, and casting. The starch-based biodegradable plastic that can apply to an environmentally friendly packaging material has an excellent opportunity developed in Indonesia.</p><p>Keywords: Starch, sago, cassava, biodegradable plastics, production technology</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Plastik merupakan bahan pengemas yang banyak digunakan namun berdampak buruk bagi lingkungan karena sulit terdegradasi di alam. Teknologi produksi plastik biodegradable atau bioplastik yang dibuat dari bahan alami dan ramah lingkungan sudah mulai dikembangkan. Plastik biodegradable berbahan dasar pati relatif lebih mudah diproduksi dan bahan baku mudah diperoleh. Pati ubi kayu dan sagu memiliki potensi sebagai bahan baku plastik biodegradable ditinjau dari ketersediaan dan karakteristiknya. Selain pati sebagai bahan utama, diperlukan pula plastisizer atau bahan pemlastis dan bahan penguat struktur untuk menghasilkan plastik biodegradable dengan karakteristik yang baik. Tahapan produksinya meliputi pencampuran, pemanasan, dan pencetakan. Plastik biodegradable berbahan dasar pati dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pengemas yang ramah lingkungan dan berpeluang besar dikembangkan.</p><p>Kata kunci: Pati, sagu, ubi kayu, bioplastik, teknologi produksi</p>

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penambahan Tepung Tapioka Pada Pati Ubi Kayu (Manihot esculenta) Terhadap Pembuatan Plastik Biodegradable dan Karakterisasinya

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
Abdul Rahim ◽  
Rustam Musta
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Biodegradable Plastics ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Biodegradable Plastic ◽  
Percent Elongation ◽  
Tapioca Flour

Research on Biodegradable Plastic Characterization of Cassava Wastes (manihot esculenta) Substitution of Tapioca Flour. As Biodegradable Plastics Base Material. This study aims to determine the ratio of cassava starch to tapioca starch which produces the best biodegradable plastic which is then used for testing the physical and mechanical properties of biodegradable plastic film using 5% acetic acid. Comparison of cassava starch with tapioca flour used is 1 : 1; 1 : 1,5; 1 : 2; 1 : 2,5; 1 : 3. The best plastics are obtained by comparison of cassava starch with tapioca flour is 1 : 3. The characteristics of biodegradable plastics include physical characteristics consisting of thickness with value 0,273 mm, 0,286 mm, 0,413 mm, 0,280 mm, dan 0,510 mm. While the mechanical characteristics consist of tensile strength with value 0,22138 MPa, 2,10724 MPa, 0,78896 MPa, 3,25933 Mpa, dan 0,508 Mpa. Percent lengthening with value 42%, 32,8%, 55,6%, 20%, dan 31,6%. Based on the result of research, it can be concluded that the value of thickness, percent elongation, and tensile strength are influenced by the comparative formula used.Keywords:  Biodegradable plastic, physical properties, mechanics, cassava starch, tapioca flour

scholarly journals STUDY PENGARUH KANDUNGAN AMILOSA DAN AMILOPEKTIN UMBI-UMBIAN TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK FISIK PLASTIK BIODEGRADABLE DENGAN Plastizicer GLISEROL

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khairun Nisah
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Thickness Measurement ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Biodegradable Plastic ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sago Starch ◽  
Chemical Laboratory ◽  
Error Factor

Amylose and Amylopectin is the material on starch which is the raw material of making Biodegradable plastic, but easy to tear (brittle), so need addition of plasticizer. In this study using Glycerol as plasticizer. This research was conducted at Polymer Chemical Laboratory of University of Sumatera Utara and Physics Laboratory of FMIPA and Universitas Syahkuala with the aim to make Biodegradable plastic and know physical characteristics of three types of tuber starch with addition of glycerol plasticizer. The experiment was compiled using a complete randomized factorial design with three replications. Factors are the types of starch (sago starch, arrowroot, and cassava). Observations include chemical and physical properties of starches and physical properties of biodegradable plastics. Data obtained for Amylose and Amylopectin content are the biggest Sagu starch (21.7% - 62.51%), starch (19.4% - 59.35%) and wood starch (18.0% 60,15%. The result showed that Amilosa and Amilopectin content highly influenced tensile strength and elongation of Biodegradable plastic. The higher the Amylose value, the value of tensile strength and elongation of Biodegradable plastic increasingly but for sago starch has elongation value and strength of tensile strength (97,83 kgf / mm2 - 4,83%) for starch (98,97 kgf / mm2 - 3,38%) and cassava starch (89.83 kgf / mm2 - 2.26%), this occurs because of the impurity and error factor in the thickness measurement of Biodegradable plastic.

scholarly journals Pembuatan film plastik biodegradable dari limbah kulit kopi dengan penambahan kitosan/gliserol

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Edwin Rizki Safitra ◽  
Idra Herlina
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biodegradable Plastic ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Plastic Films ◽  
Waste Glycerol ◽  
Chitosan Concentration ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Standard Value ◽  
Materials Used

Biodegradable plastic production has been developed for a long time by researchers. Data from Ministry of Industry in 2017 stated Indonesia's plastic production reached 3.9 million tons/ year. In this study, the raw materials used came from untapped waste, namely coffee skin, biodiesel-waste glycerol and shrimp-shells chitosan. In this research, biodegradable plastic films have been produced with the addition of glycerol and coffee skin waste with chitosan concentration variations of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8%. After the optimum conditions were obtained by comparing the elongation and tensile strength values, then the variations in coffee skin waste were added with a weight of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 g. Tensile strength and elongation values with variations of chitosan were 0.2-1.87 MPa and 0.22-0.15%, respectively. Whereas the variation of tensile strength and elongation coffee skins were 1.8-0.27 MPa and 0.14-0.2%, respectively. The optimum conditions for producing biodegradable plastic films were obtained with variations of chitosan 4% and 2 g coffee skin with tensile strength and elongation values of 0.98 MPa and 0.16%. The tensile strength and elongation data produced from biodegradable plastic was still below the standard value of commercial plastic or synthetic plastic (HDPE) with values of tensile strength and elongation of 28.64 MPa and 6.5186% respectively.

The Potential of Starch as an Eco-Friendly Binder in Injection Moulding of 316L Stainless Steel for Medical Devices Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 911 ◽  
pp. 200-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor‘aini Wahab ◽  
Mohd Afian Omar ◽  
Nor Amalina Nordin ◽  
Rosliza Sauti
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Injection Moulding ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Steel Powder ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Theoretical Density ◽  
Rice Starch ◽  
Vacuum Atmosphere

Two starch/wax based binders were formulated for metal injection moulding of 316L stainless steel. The formulations difffer in term of the starch type which substitute the backbone polyethelene. Feedstock having powder loading of the stainless steel powder up to 65 vol.% can be injection moulded successfully. Solvent debinding was performed in water at a temperature of 60°C for 3 hours and followed by immersion n-heptane for duration of 2 hours to remove the residual wax. The remaining binder was thermally extracted at 4500 with heating rate of 3°C/min, with no defects. The parts were then sintered in vacuum atmosphere within a temperature range of 1300°C to 1380°C. Approximately, 6.8 g/cm3theoretical density, hardness of 188.8 HV and tensile strength of 229.3 MPawere achieved for cassava starch/wax based binder while rice starch/wax based binder possessed 8.6g/cm3theoretical density, hardness of 385 HV and tensile strength of 462.1 MPa.

A TEM microscopical investigation of the magnetic domain structure of a metastable austenitic stainless steel

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 696-697
Author(s):  
G. Fourlaris ◽  
T. Gladman
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Magnetic Domain ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Magnetic Characteristics ◽  
Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steel

Stainless steels have widespread applications due to their good corrosion resistance, but for certain types of large naval constructions, other requirements are imposed such as high strength and toughness , and modified magnetic characteristics.The magnetic characteristics of a 302 type metastable austenitic stainless steel has been assessed after various cold rolling treatments designed to increase strength by strain inducement of martensite. A grade 817M40 low alloy medium carbon steel was used as a reference material.The metastable austenitic stainless steel after solution treatment possesses a fully austenitic microstructure. However its tensile strength , in the solution treated condition , is low.Cold rolling results in the strain induced transformation to α’- martensite in austenitic matrix and enhances the tensile strength. However , α’-martensite is ferromagnetic , and its introduction to an otherwise fully paramagnetic matrix alters the magnetic response of the material. An example of the mixed martensitic-retained austenitic microstructure obtained after the cold rolling experiment is provided in the SEM micrograph of Figure 1.

CARPENTER CUSTOM 475

Alloy Digest ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Good Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Technology Corporation ◽  
Peak Aged ◽  
Carpenter Technology Corporation

Abstract Custom 475 stainless is a premium melted, high-strength, martensitic, precipitation-hardenable stainless steel. It provides good corrosion resistance and was designed to achieve a tensile strength up to 2000 MPa (290 ksi), combined with good toughness and ductility when in the H975 condition, peak aged at 525 deg C (975 deg F). Other combinations of strength are possible by applying aging temperatures up to 595 deg C (1100 deg F). The alloy is available in strip, wire, and small diameter bar. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: SS-974. Producer or source: Carpenter Technology Corporation.

CARPENTER STAINLESS TYPE 405

Alloy Digest ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Annealed Condition ◽  
Finish Machining ◽  
Chromium Stainless Steel

Abstract CARPENTER STAINLESS TYPE 405 is a 12% chromium stainless steel that does not harden appreciably. It was designed to allow its use in the as-welded condition. It is particularly desirable for welded applications which require finish machining. It has moderate tensile strength (70,000 psi) in the fully annealed condition and resists corrosion in mild environments. It is used for parts and structures that cannot be annealed after welding. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-395. Producer or source: Carpenter.

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