scholarly journals PERLINDUNGAN "HAK SPIRITUAL" DALAM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA PERBANKAN SYARIAH: PRAKTIK DI MALAYSIA DAN INDONESIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rof'ah Setyowati
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Banking Institutions ◽  
Banking Institution ◽  
The Right ◽  
Settlement Of Disputes

"Spiritual right" is the right in the spiritual aspect that is owned by any person. The Spirituality of Muslim customers is influenced by sharia principles in various aspects of their lives. The protection against "spiritual right" is also required in the settlement of disputes between customers and Islamic banking institution. Indonesian regulation has provided the foundation for the protection of the spiritual rights. The issuing of the MK (Constitutional Court)'s verdict Number 93/PUU-X/2012, can also lead to that purpose. However, there is still a "spiritual right" post the verdict. This study utilizes two types of joint research method called socio-legal research. It employs several approaches, namely philosophical, historical, critical, analytical, comparative, and so on. However, the most prominently used is the comparative approach as it is associated with the purpose of this study in digging Malaysian experiences with its longer period of having various legal problems. It is hoped that these experiences can be referred to as a pattern for more effective "spiritual right". The analysis shows that the effectiveness of the "spiritual right" protection in settling the dispute of Islamic banking institutions is dominantly influenced by the policy of financial services authority, which in Malaysia is Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) and Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) in Indonesia. ========================================================================================================"Hak spiritual" merupakan hak dalam aspek spiritual yang dimiliki oleh setiap orang. Spiritulitas konsumen Muslim dipengaruhi oleh prinsip-prinsip syariah dalam berbagai aspek kehidupannya. Perlindungan terhadap "hak spiritual" juga dibutuhkan dalam penyelesaian sengketa antara nasabah dengan institusi perbankan syariah. Melalui peraturan perundangan, telah diberikan landasan bagi perlindungan "hak spiritual". Munculnya Putusan MK Nomor 93/PUU-X/2012, hakekatnya juga mengarah pada maksud tersebut. Namun permasalahannya, pasca putusan MK tersebut, masih terdapat "hak spiritual". Kajian ini menggunakan dua jenis penelitian gabungan, yang disebut dengan socio-legal research. Beberapa metode pendekatan dilakukan, antara lain: filosofis, historis, analitis kritis, dan komparatif. Namun yang paling menonjol digunakan ialah metode komparatif. Penggunaan metode ini dikaitkan dengan tujuan kajian ini untuk mengambil pengalaman dari Malaysia yang lebih lama dengan berbagai problematika hukum yang ada, untuk manjadi acuan guna mendapatkan pola perlindungan "hak spiritual" yang lebih efektif. Hasil analisis ini menujukkan bahwa efektifitas perlindungan "hak spiritual" dalam penyelesaian sengketa perbankan syariah sangat dipengaruhi oleh kebijakan lembaga pemegang otoritas pembinaan, pengawasan dan pengaturan perbankan syariah. Dalam konteks ini, di Malaysia ialah BNM, sementara di Indonesia ialah OJK.

Issues and Challenges Facing Islamic Banks and MSME in Financial Inclusion in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
pp. 308-325
Author(s):  
Adi Saifurrahman ◽  
Salina Kassim
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Banking Institutions ◽  
Banking Institution

Financial inclusion has become an important policy for many countries, including the developed and developing nations. Financial inclusion realisation is promoted by the easy and convenient access to financial services, quality of financial services, and efficient and effective utilisation by all segment of society, delivered with fairness and zero discrimination. The achievement of financial inclusion is supported by essential pillars that are interconnected with each other and form a composite economy ecosystem to ensure stability and sustainable development. One of these critical pillars is micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs); the development of MSMEs pillar is deemed crucial due to its capability in absorbing more considerable workforce compared to larger enterprises and contributes significantly to the gross domestic product (GDP). Therefore, the growth of MSMEs pillar will surely reduce poverty, lessen the unemployment, and lower the income disparity. In this respect, since Islamic banking represents the core of the Islamic financial system that encourages entrepreneurship, the institution is expected to take the lead in serving the needs of MSMEs sector and assisting them from all types of financial constraints. The primary objective of this chapter is to explore and investigate the critical issues and challenges of MSMEs financial inclusion achievement through the role of Islamic banking institutions, particularly in Indonesia. The chapter suggests several problems that hamper the role of the Indonesian Islamic banking institution in serving the needs of MSMEs and numerous issues and challenges in achieving MSMEs financial inclusion.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTATION OF ECONOMIC DEMOCRACY PRINCIPLE IN ISLAMIC BANKING POLICIES THROUGH FINANCIAL SERVICES AUTHORITY (FSA) IN INDONESIA

At-Taradhi ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusup Hidayat ◽  
Fokky Fuad ◽  
Maslihati Nurhidayati
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Economic Democracy ◽  
Regulation And Supervision ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Banking Institutions ◽  
Banking Institution

Abstract: The enactment of Law No. 21 Year 2011 on the Financial Services Authority (FSA) made the regulation and supervision of financial institutions both banks and nonbank be integrated, including the regulation and supervision of sharia financial institutions in which there is sharia Islamic Banking. One of the principles of Islamic banking, as stated in Law No. 21 of 2008 concerning Islamic Banking is the Principle of Economic Democracy. In the implementation of the principle of economic democracy that the FSA has a significant role in pushing the Islamic banking institution to utilize its resources to promote the local economy, especially groups of people whose economic access is still minimal. In 2014, the FSA issued Regulation No. 19 in relation to inclusive finance. In these regulations, the FSA encourages banking institutions to provide banking services to people who have been marginalized through the branchless bank program. This POJK  applies to both conventional banking and Islamic banking. Some conventional banks have been undertaking this program with a wide range of dynamics. Some Islamic banks have been also undertaking it, while others are still at the preparation stage. This paper will analyze the regulations issued by the FSA in order to encourage Islamic banking institutions in actualizing the principle of economic democracy, especially in relation to inclusive finance program. The research method used in this article is normative juridical with the support of primary source through the FSA.Abstrak: Berlakunya Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2011 tentang Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) menjadikan pengaturan dan pengawasan Lembaga Keuangan baik Bank maupun Nonbank menjadi terintegrasi, termasuk pengaturan dan pengawasan Lembaga keuangan syariah yang di dalamnya terdapat Perbankan Syariah.  Salah satu asas Perbankan syariah sebagaimana tertuang dalam Undang-Undang No. 21 tahun 2008 tentang Perbankan Syariah adalah Asas Demokrasi Ekonomi. Dalam implementasi asas demokrasi ekonomi tersebut OJK memiliki peran signifikan dalam mendorong lembaga perbankan syariah untuk mendayagunakan sumber daya yang dimiliki untuk memajukan ekonomi masyarakat terutama kelompok masyarakat yang secara akses ekonomi masih minim.  Pada tahun 2014 OJK mengeluarkan Peraturan OJK No 19 terkait dengan keuangan Inkusif. Dalam peraturan tersebut OJK mendorong lembaga perbankan untuk memberikan layanan jasa perbankan kepada masyarakat yang selama ini termarginalkan melalui program Laku Pandai. POJK ini berlaku baik untuk perbankan konvensional maupun perbankan syariah. Beberapa bank konvensional sudah meakukan program ini dengan berbagai macam dinamikanya. Sementara itu bank syariah juga sebagian ada yang sudah menjalankan sementara yang lain masih pada tahap persiapan. Tulisan ini akan menganalisis peraturan-peraturan yang dikeluarkan OJK dalam mendorong lembaga perbankan syariah dalam mewujudkan asas demokrasi ekonomi terutama terkait dengan program keuangan inklusif. Metode penelitian pada penelitian adalah yuridis normatif dengan dukungan data-data primer melalui pihak OJK.Keywords: Banking service, economic, financial, democracy.

Arah Kebijakan Pengawasan terhadap Perbankan Syariah dalam Sistem Perbankan Nasional di Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Andrew Shandy Utama
Keyword(s):  
Central Bank ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Islamic Bank ◽  
Independent Direction ◽  
National Banking System

This research aims to explain the direction of policy regarding supervision of Islamic banking in the banking system in Indonesia. The method used in this research is normative legal research using the statutory approach. The results of this research explain that the policy regarding supervision of Islamic banking in the national banking system in Indonesia is headed toward an independent direction. In Law Number 7 of 1992 and Law Number 10 of 1998, it is stated that supervision of Islamic banking is done by Bank Indonesia as the central bank. Based on Law Number 21 of 2008, supervision of Islamic banking is strengthened by not only being supervised by Bank Indonesia, but also by the National Sharia Council of the Majelis Ulama Indonesia by placing Sharia Supervisory Councils in each Islamic bank. After the ratification of Law Number 21 of 2011, supervision of Islamic banking moved from Bank Indonesia to an independent institution called the Financial Services Authority.

Design Analysis of CIMB Bank’s Website

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ridhwan Ab. Aziz ◽  
Mohammad Mahbub Alam Noorizzuddin Nooh
Keyword(s):  
Design Analysis ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Website Design ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Future Researcher ◽  
Market Shares ◽  
The World ◽  
Banking Institutions ◽  
Banking Institution ◽  
Conventional And Islamic Banks

Islamic banking has emerged in recent decades as one of the most important trends in the financial world, side by side with conventional banking. Website design has become a very powerful tool in disseminating information of a particular banking institution and this phenomenon has been fully utilized by both conventional and Islamic banks throughout the world. The purpose of this article is to analyze website design of CIMB Bank that offers both conventional and Islamic financing facilities. The methodology employed in this article is qualitative in nature through examining the websites of CIMB Bank. The finding shows that CIMB Bank needs to improve their both website designs in order to attract more customers to their websites and give true information with regard of their products and services. It is further suggested that future researcher tries to explore more in-depth website designs in terms of products and services provided by the conventional and Islamic banking institutions in order to increase their market shares. 

scholarly journals Prinsip Kehati-hatian bagi Bank Selaku Kustodian di Pasar Modal Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rezandha Hutagalung
Keyword(s):  
Precautionary Principle ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
The Precautionary Principle ◽  
Banking Institutions ◽  
The Capital Market

This journal aims to find out how to apply the precautionary principle of a bank as a custodian bank in Indonesian capital market. Whereas with the enactment of Law Number 1995 concerning the Capital Market, it is deemed necessary to enact a Bapepam Decision regarding the Custodian Bank's Report. In the context of carrying out Indonesia's economic development, of course the challenges are not insignificant for financial institutions, one of which is in banking institutions. The role of banking institutions that carry out the main task as a vehicle that can collect and distribute funds effectively and efficiently, requires continuous improvement in order to be able to have a comparative advantage. This journal is how about the application of the precautionary principle in the capital market in Indonesia. Custodian Bank is a commercial bank that has obtained the approval of the Financial Services Authority (OJK) to carry out business activities as a custodian. The object of legal research is legal norms, which have the aim of examining whether or not a regulation is appropriated and applied.

scholarly journals The Position of Constitutional Complaint in the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-78
Author(s):  
Agsel Awanisa ◽  
Yusdianto Yusdianto ◽  
Siti Khoiriah
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Case Number

The purpose of this research is to determine the constitutional complaint mechanism based on comparisons in other countries, practices, and adaptation of constitutional complaints under the authority of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia. Many cases with constitutional complaint substance have been submitted to the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia even though they don’t have this authority. This research uses a normative legal research method using a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, a comparative approach, and a case approach. This research indicates that the constitutional complaint mechanism in Germany, South Korea, and South Africa has been well implemented. In practice, cases with constitutional complaint substance are filed to the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia by changing the form by using the legal means of a judicial review, such as case number 16/PUU-VI/ 2008, case number 140/PUU-XIII/2015 and case number 102/PUU-VII/2009. Due to the consideration of the structure, substance, and culture of law, adaptation of constitutional complaint within the authority of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia needs to be carried out by amending Law Number 24 of 2003 jo. Law Number 7 of 2020 concerning the Constitutional Court.

scholarly journals Keterkaitan Kerahasiaan Bank dan Pajak: Antara Kepentingan Negara dan Pribadi

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Akhmad Yasin
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Financial Information ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Qualitative Research Method ◽  
Bank Secrecy ◽  
Tax Payments

Bank sebagai lembaga keuangan, eksistensinya sangat tergantung dari kepercayaan masyarakat yang menjadi nasabahnya. Masyarakat telah memercayai bank sebagai institusi yang menyimpan dana nasabah, mengelola dan menyalurkan kembali kepada masyarakat dalam bentuk pinjaman atau kredit. Oleh karena itu, untuk menjaga kepercayaan nasabah tersebut, bank harus mematuhi ketentuan mengenai rahasia bank. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah mengetahui dalam kondisi bagaimana rahasia bank dapat diakses, pihak-pihak mana yang wajib menjaga kerahasiaan bank, adakah keterkaitan kerahasiaan bank dengan pajak, dan perlukah kerahasiaan bank yang terkait pajak dihilangkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa terdapat beberapa kondisi dimana rahasia bank boleh dibuka, tetapi tidak semua informasi dan data keuangan nasabah boleh dibuka di hadapan publik kecuali setelah adanya persetujuan dari Otoritas Pajak dan setelah mendapat laporan dari lembaga jasa keuangan di bawah pengawasan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. Pembukaan rahasia bank diperbolehkan apabila berhubungan dengan kepentingan negara, seperti untuk kepentingan peningkatan kepatuhan masyarakat terhadap pembayaran pajak dan peningkatan penerimaan negara di sektor pajak.Banks as financial institutions, their existence is very dependent on the people’s trust who become their customers. The community has trusted banks as institutions that store customer funds, manage and channel back to the community in the form of loans or credits. Therefore, to maintain the customer's trust, the bank must obey bank secrets provisions. This research uses descriptive qualitative research method in the form of normative legal research and laws and regulations studies related to bank secrecy, derived from literature such as constitutional court decision, books, journals, articles, magazines, and websites. The results reveal that there are several conditions under which bank secrets may be opened, but not all financial information and data of the client may be disclosed in public unless after approval by the Tax Authority after receiving a report from a financial services institution under the supervision of the Financial Services Authority. The unveiling of bank secrecy is permitted when it comes to the interests of the state, such as for the purpose of increasing public compliance of tax payments and increasing state revenues in the tax sector. 

scholarly journals Position of Tax Debt and Labour Right: Legal Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sonya Liani Ramadayanti
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Bankruptcy Law ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
The Right

This study aims to explain the position of tax debt and labour right in bankruptcy. The legal research method used in this research using normative research, the legal rules and legal principles used related to bankruptcy law, tax law and labour law will be a reference in describing the problem of the position of tax debt and labour right in bankruptcy cases. The Taxation Law gives a special treatment and higher position on which the tax debt is first to be paid by the debtor and followed by the right borne by the separatist creditor. On the other hand, Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Employment also regulates that the labour of the wages and other rights of the labour and positioned the labour as preferred creditor on which the privilege is given by the law. However, there are no statements in the Employment Law that stated the position of labour as a preferred creditor is higher than separatist creditor in the matter of bankrupt as what the Taxation Kaw expressed creditor is higher than the separatist creditor within the matter of tax payment. That distinction seems positioned the preferred creditor status of labour is lower than the position of separatist creditor on the matter of right fulfillment in bankruptcy. It is certainty that the statement which stated that the collection of tax debts have the right to preceded than other debts does not fit in this matter. Eventually, there is a decision of Constitutional Court Number 67/PUU-XI/2013 that provides a change within the position labour’s right on the matter of bankruptcy.

scholarly journals Methodology on the Trend of Underlying Shariah Contracts and Legal Disputes of Decided Islamic Banking Cases in Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3S3) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Legal Risk ◽  
Banking Institutions ◽  
Phases Of Development ◽  
Court Process ◽  
Limited Scope

The general reflection of certainty and predictability in the decisions of the courts could be traced from the trend of decided Islamic Banking cases itself. Some studies highlighted the trend in decided Islamic Banking cases but not in detail, with a limited scope of discussion and did not cover the current and the latest decided cases. The objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive analysis on the decided Islamic Banking cases in Malaysia of year 1987 to 2018 in order to find out the trend of underlying Shariah contract and legal disputes. The method employed in this study is the legal research through the analysis decided Islamic Banking cases in Malaysia. This paper highlights the underlying Shariah contracts that attract numerous judicial consideration and legal disputes in different phases of development in Islamic Banking cases. The diversification underlying Shariah contract and the complexity of legal issues could be traced in the more recent decided Islamic Banking cases. Moreover, the findings contribute to the enhancement of disputes resolution outcomes through court process and improvise the Shariah compliance and legal risk management of Islamic Banking Institutions

scholarly journals Prinsip Proporsionalitas dalam Pengujian Undang-Undang Terhadap UUD NRI 1945 (Studi Perbandingan di Indonesia dan Jerman)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1479
Author(s):  
Irene Angelita Rugian
Keyword(s):  
General Principle ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Legal Policy ◽  
Test Norms ◽  
Federal Constitutional ◽  
Principle Of Proportionality

AbstractIn several decisions that have been decided by the Mahkamah Konstitusi, some of the judges considerations only test norms with benchmarks contrary to the UUD NRI 1945 or not? However, MK has not tested the basis of the petition itself, there are limitation of rights, open legal policy, and the real harm felt by the petitioner. Therefore, it is necessary to have a principle of proportionality that can be used by judges to assist in deciding cases related to limiting rights and open legal policy. In order to know the concept of the principle of proportionality, it is necessary to conduct a comparative study between Indonesia and Germany by analyzing the concept and development of this principle. The method used is legal research with a statute approach, a case approach, a comparative approach and a conceptual approach. From the results of these studies, it was found that the principle of proportionality in Germany was well conceptualized and developed rapidly. In fact, this principle has become a general principle in the Germany Federal Constitutional Court. Meanwhile in Indonesia, this principle is still unknown and undeveloped like Germany.Keywords: The Principle of Proportionality; Legitimate Aim; Suitability; Neccesity; Balancing in Narrow Sense.AbstrakDalam beberapa putusan yang telah diputus oleh MK, beberapa pertimbangan hakim hanya menguji norma dengan tolak ukur bertentangan dengan UUD NRI 1945 atau tidak? Namun, MK belum menguji sampai kepada dasar dari permohonan itu sendiri, yaitu pembatasan hak, open legal policy, dan kerugian yang nyata dirasakan oleh pemohon. Maka dari itu, perlu adanya prinsip proporsionalitas yang dapat digunakan para hakim untuk membantu memutus perkara yang berkaitan dengan pembatasan hak dan open legal policy. Agar mengetahui konsep dari prinsip proporsionalitas, maka perlu melakukan studi perbandingan antara Indonesia dan Jerman dengan menganalisis konsep dan perkembangan prinsip tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah legal research dengan pendekatan statute approach, case approach, comparative approach dan conceptual appoach. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa prinsip proporsionalitas di Jerman telah terkonsep dengan baik dan berkembang dengan pesat. Bahkan prinsip tersebut telah menjadi prinsip umum dalam Germany Federal Constitutional Court. Sedangkan di Indonesia, prinsip tersebut masih belum dikenal oleh MK. Sehingga, proporsionalitas belum memiliki konsep yang jelas dan tidak berkembang seperti negara Jerman.Kata Kunci: Prinsip Proporsionalitas; Legitimate Aim; Suitability; Neccesity; Balancing in Narrow Sense.

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