scholarly journals INFLUENCES OF SHORT-TERM NORMOBARIC HYPOXIC TRAINING ON METABOLIC SYNDROME-RELATED MARKERS IN OVERWEIGHT AND NORMAL-WEIGHT MEN

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e44-e52
Author(s):  
Sohee Shin ◽  
Toshio Matsuoka ◽  
Wi-Young So
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hypoxic Training ◽  
Weight Groups

Background and Objective This study examined the influence of short-term normobaric hypoxic training on metabolic syndrome-related markers in overweight and normal-weight men. Material and Methods Forty-one Japanese men were included and were divided into two groups based on their body mass indices (BMIs): BMI≥25 or BMI<25. Participants in the overweight and normal-weight groups were randomly classified into the hypoxic exercise group (hypoxic overweight, HO; hypoxic normal-weight, HN) and the normoxic exercise group (normoxic overweight, NO; normoxic normal-weight, NN). Subjects performed treadmill exercise three days per week for four weeks at an exercise intensity of 60% of maximum heart rate, under either normobaric hypoxic or normobaric normoxic conditions, for 50 min (including 5 min warm-up and cool-down periods) after a 30-min rest period. The study parameters included weight, body fat percentage, BMI, heart rate, waist circumference, ankle-brachial pulse wave velocity (PWV), blood sugar, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting insulin, Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) scores, and adiponectin levels. Repeated measures two-way analysis of variance was used to examine differences in the mean parameter values between the two groups (overweight and normal-weight) before and after training. Results Hypoxic training improved the weight, body fat percentage, BMI, waist circumference, PWV, TC, LDL-C levels, and HOMA-IR scores in the overweight and normal-weight groups (p<0.05). In addition, TG level, HDL-C level, and HOMA-IR scores showed significant interactions with hypoxic training, as these parameters improved in the hypoxic overweight group (p<0.05). Conclusion These results suggest that hypoxic training could be useful for improving arterial stiffness, circulatory system function, body composition, and energy metabolism in adult males.

scholarly journals Relationship between body fat percentage determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis and metabolic risk factors in Syrian male adolescents (18–19 years)

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
Mahfouz Al-Bachir ◽  
Mohamad Adel Bakir
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Obese Subjects

Abstract The association between increasing obesity and metabolic syndrome among adolescent and the adverse consequences in adulthood including type-2 diabetes and coronary heart disease is well documented. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the major metabolic risk factors and some clinical important parameters in Syrian male adolescents (18-19 years old), and to assess the correlations between BF% determined by BIA-man prediction equation and metabolic risk factors in the same group. The correlations between body fat percentage (BF%) based on BIA-man predictive equations, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar (FBS), cholesterol (Chol), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), Hematocrit (Ht), and hemoglobin (Hb) in 1596 healthy Syrian adolescents aged 18-19 years and the mean values of these parameters were examined. Data showed that, DBP, Chol, TG, LDL and TG/HDL-C were significantly (p<0.05) higher in overweight and obese subjects in compression to normal weight cases. Whereas, SBP, FBS and Ht were significantly (p<0.05) higher in obese subjects in compression to normal weight. However, all measured variable related to metabolic syndrome risk factors increased with increasing the BF% determined by BIA-man. The present study suggests that % BF by BIA-man is a good predictor of metabolic risks factors for Syrian adolescents.

scholarly journals Association of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with Body Fat Percentage in Normal-Weight Individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeynab Hatamizargaran ◽  
Mohammadreza Sasani ◽  
Masoumeh Akhlaghi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Study Results

Background: Recent data have suggested that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can occur in normal-weight subjects. This study examined the association of body fat percentage (BF%) with NAFLD and its risk factors in normal-weight individuals. Objectives: The present study aimed to explain the influence of body fat on the risk of NAFLD. Methods: A total of 59 subjects with body mass index (BMI) within the range of 18.5 - 24.9 kg/m2 were selected from referrals to two major university polyclinics in Shiraz, Iran, from April to June 2019. Fatty liver grade, anthropometric characteristics, body composition, and cardiometabolic risk factors were measured in this study. Results: Waist circumference (P = 0.012), fat mass (P < 0.001), triglycerides (TG) (P = 0.027), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) (P = 0.007), and TG/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (P = 0.003) increased; however, skeletal muscle mass decreased (P < 0.001) across the tertiles of BF%. The average of fatty liver grade was similar in the first and second tertiles; nevertheless, the fatty liver grade of participants in the third tertile was significantly higher (1.3 ± 0.9 vs. 0.4 ± 0.7; P = 0.005). In ordinal regression analysis, BF% (1.13; 95% CI: 1.04 - 1.22; P = 0.003), BMI (1.95; 95% CI: 1.02 - 3.74; P = 0.045), VLDL (1.77; 95% CI: 1.00 - 3.12; P = 0.049), and TG/HDL-C ratio (2.21; 95% CI: 1.26 - 3.86; P = 0.006) had positive associations with NAFLD; nonetheless, HDL-C (0.33; 95% CI: 0.16 - 0.67; P = 0.002) and dietary cholesterol (0.97; 95% CI: 0.95 - 0.997; P = 0.028) had inverse associations with NAFLD after the adjustments for age, gender, BMI, and physical activity. Conclusions: The results of this study suggested that within normal weight ranges, NAFLD occurs more frequently in individuals with higher BF%. In addition, BF% can be used as an important marker in NAFLD screening.

scholarly journals Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-assessed adipose tissues in metabolically unhealthy normal weight Asians

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Chien Lu ◽  
Ying Chin Lin ◽  
Amy Ming-Fang Yen ◽  
Wing P. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Normal Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽  
Visceral Adipose

AbstractNormal body mass index (BMI) is associated with lower risk for cardiometabolic diseases. However, there is a subset of individuals with BMI in this range who present with this metabolic abnormality (called metabolically unhealthy normal weight, MUHNW). Here we aimed to assess the adipose characteristics of people with MUHNW using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). This study included 3259 people with normal BMI who underwent health examinations from January 1, 2007 through December 31, 2016. Body fat percentage (%BF), android-gynoid percent fat ratio (AG ratio), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were measured simultaneously using DXA CoreScan software. Those with MUHNW comprised 12.67% of the sample. Among those with MUHNW, 71.6% of the women and 56.5% of the men showed high VAT amounts, but less than 40% of either showed high %BFs. Furthermore, considering the combined effects of fat amount and distribution, a normal BMI accompanied by high AG ratio and/or high VAT mass but low %BF presents a much higher risk for metabolic syndrome than when %BF is high, most predominantly in women. In conclusion, using DXA-measured abdominal fat, particularly VAT accumulation, is clinically more important than using %BF when assessing metabolic syndrome in those with normal BMI.

Characterization and prevalence of obesity among normal weight college students

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara C. Anderson ◽  
Katie R. Hirsch ◽  
Austin M. Peterjohn ◽  
Malia N.M. Blue ◽  
Alexis A. Pihoker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
High Density ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage

AbstractNormal weight obesity (NWO) describes individuals who have a normal weight body mass index (BMI), but have an unhealthy amount of body fat. Based on the life-long habits that develop during college, exploring NWO among a college-aged population may be essential in identifying and preventing obesity that develops in early adulthood. This study aimed to characterize NWO among young adults with normal weight BMI. 94 college students (Mean ± SD: Age: 19.6 ± 1.5 yrs; BMI: 21.9 ± 1.8 kg/m2) enrolled during the Fall semester (Aug-Oct) were assessed for body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry to determine body fat percentage, fat mass, lean mass and trunk fat; lifestyle habits were characterized from validated questionnaires. Mean arterial pressure and metabolic biomarkers [total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins, non-high density lipoproteins, and glucose] were evaluated for cardiometabolic health. NWO was defined using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for body fat percentage. Data was analyzed by group (NWO vs NWL) and sex. with independent t-tests to investigate continuous data, and chi-square test of independence for categorical data. Rates of NWO for the total sample were 13.8%. Males (n=30) had a higher rate of NWO (26.7%) compared to females (n=64; 7.8%). NWO individuals had higher fat mass (p=0.024), trunk fat (p<0.001), and larger waist to hip ratio (p<0.001) than normal weight lean. NWO also engaged in less vigorous physical activity (p=0.043). The occurrence of NWO among otherwise healthy college students is evident. Identification of these individuals may be an effective component for obesity prevention and treatment. Determining feasible methods to measure body fat in this population is essential, as BMI may mask obesity in a young adult population.

scholarly journals Effect of short-term exposure to particulate air pollution on heart rate variability in normal-weight and obese adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luyi Li ◽  
Dayu Hu ◽  
Wenlou Zhang ◽  
Liyan Cui ◽  
Xu Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
High Frequency Power ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Particulate Air Pollution ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Frequency Power

Abstract Background The adverse effects of particulate air pollution on heart rate variability (HRV) have been reported. However, it remains unclear whether they differ by the weight status as well as between wake and sleep. Methods A repeated-measure study was conducted in 97 young adults in Beijing, China, and they were classified by body mass index (BMI) as normal-weight (BMI, 18.5–24.0 kg/m2) and obese (BMI ≥ 28.0 kg/m2) groups. Personal exposures to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and black carbon (BC) were measured with portable exposure monitors, and the ambient PM2.5/BC concentrations were obtained from the fixed monitoring sites near the subjects’ residences. HRV and heart rate (HR) were monitored by 24-h Holter electrocardiography. The study period was divided into waking and sleeping hours according to time-activity diaries. Linear mixed-effects models were used to investigate the effects of PM2.5/BC on HRV and HR in both groups during wake and sleep. Results The effects of short-term exposure to PM2.5/BC on HRV were more pronounced among obese participants. In the normal-weight group, the positive association between personal PM2.5/BC exposure and high-frequency power (HF) as well as the ratio of low-frequency power to high-frequency power (LF/HF) was observed during wakefulness. In the obese group, personal PM2.5/BC exposure was negatively associated with HF but positively associated with LF/HF during wakefulness, whereas it was negatively correlated to total power and standard deviation of all NN intervals (SDNN) during sleep. An interquartile range (IQR) increase in BC at 2-h moving average was associated with 37.64% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 25.03, 51.51%) increases in LF/HF during wakefulness and associated with 6.28% (95% CI: − 17.26, 6.15%) decreases in SDNN during sleep in obese individuals, and the interaction terms between BC and obesity in LF/HF and SDNN were both statistically significant (p <  0.05). The results also suggested that the effects of PM2.5/BC exposure on several HRV indices and HR differed in magnitude or direction between wake and sleep. Conclusions Short-term exposure to PM2.5/BC is associated with HRV and HR, especially in obese individuals. The circadian rhythm of HRV should be considered in future studies when HRV is applied. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Accelerometer-determined peak cadence and weight status in children from São Caetano do Sul, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 3689-3698
Author(s):  
Gerson Luis de Moraes Ferrari ◽  
Timóteo Araújo ◽  
Luis Carlos Oliveira ◽  
Victor Keihan Rodrigues Matsudo ◽  
Emily Mire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Brazilian Children

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between peak cadence indicators and body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BF%)-defined weight status in children. The sample comprised 485 Brazilian children. Minute-by-minute step data from accelerometry were rank ordered for each day to identify the peak 1-minute, 30-minute and 60-minute cadence values. Data were described by BMI–defined and bioelectrical impedance-determined BF% weight status. BMI-defined normal weight children had higher peak 1-minute (115.5 versus 110.6 and 106.6 steps/min), 30-minute (81.0 versus 77.5 and 74.0 steps/min) and 60-minute cadence (67.1 versus 63.4 and 60.7 steps/min) than overweight and obese children (p<.0001), respectively. Defined using %BF, normal weight children had higher peak 1-minute (114.5 versus 106.1 steps/min), 30-minute (80.4 versus 73.1 steps/min) and 60-minute cadence (66.5 versus 59.9 steps/min) than obese children (p<.0001). Similar relationships were observed in boys; however, only peak 1- minute cadence differed significantly across BMI and %BF-defined weight status categories in girls. Peak cadence indicators were negatively associated with BMI and BF% in these schoolchildren and significantly higher among normal weight compared to overweight or obese children.

Abstract P028: Increased Cardiometabolic Risk And Autonomic Function Alterations In Normal Weight Obesity

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice P Duque ◽  
Isadora M Barbosa ◽  
Alessandra S Lins ◽  
Fernando G de Jesus ◽  
Christiane F Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Double Product ◽  
Visceral Fat Area ◽  
High Body

Introduction: Normal weight obesity (NWO) is defined by the presence of normal body mass index (BMI) with high body fat percentage. In this setting, high body fat seems to affect even non-obese individuals, predicting cardiovascular risk. Hypothesis: High body fat percentage, in eutrophic individuals, affects anthropometry, hemodynamic, autonomic function and cardiometabolic risk. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited workers of a public hospital from 2018 to 2020. Inclusion criteria: age ≥ 18 yr.; BMI: 18.5 to 24.9 Kg/m 2 . Exclusion criteria: pregnancy/lactating women; BMI < 18.5 Kg/m 2 or ≥ 25 Kg/m 2 . High body fat percentage was categorized, by sex and age, as: 20 to 39 years, >19.9% and >32.9%; 40 to 59 years, >21.9% and >33.9%; and 60 to 79 years, >24.9% and >35.9% for men and women, respectively. Blood assays: fasting glucose, lipid profile and C reactive protein; anthropometry: neck, waist and hip circumferences; bioimpedance: visceral fat area and body fat percentage; hemodynamic parameters: blood pressure and double product; autonomic function: orthostatic test (30:15 ratio), orthostatic hypotension test and heart rate variability (HRV): high and low frequency and sympathovagal index; cardiometabolic risk: body shape index, atherogenic dyslipidemia, atherogenic index, atherogenic index of plasma and Framingham score. Statistical analysis: Mann-Whitney and chi-squared test. P<0.05. Ethics: according to Helsinki declaration, revised in 2013. Results: A total of 52 from 241 volunteers were eutrophic: 23 were NWO, that exhibited higher visceral fat area, anthropometric measures, blood pressure and double product; and worse lipid profile, HRV frequency domain and cardiometabolic risk parameters compared to the 29 with normal body fat percentage (table 1) . Conclusions: NWO individuals have metabolic, hemodynamic, anthropometric and autonomic alterations that, associated with new indexes related to atherogenesis, confirm the early cardiometabolic risk of this profile.

scholarly journals Body Fat Percentage in Relation to Lung Function in Individuals with Normal Weight Obesity

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-Yuei Chen ◽  
Tung-Wei Kao ◽  
Wen-Hui Fang ◽  
Chung-Ching Wang ◽  
Yaw-Wen Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Normal Weight Obesity

scholarly journals Metabolic syndrome and short-term heart rate variability in young adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Koskinen ◽  
M. Kähönen ◽  
A. Jula ◽  
N. Mattsson ◽  
T. Laitinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Short Term

Does body fat percentage predict post-exercise heart rate response in non-obese children and adolescents?

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Jezdimirovic ◽  
Valdemar Stajer ◽  
Sasa Semeredi ◽  
Julio Calleja-Gonzalez ◽  
Sergej M. Ostojic
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Autonomic Regulation ◽  
Exercise Heart Rate ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Post Exercise

AbstractBackground:A correlation between adiposity and post-exercise autonomic regulation has been established in overweight and obese children. However, little information exists about this link in non-obese youth. The main purpose of this cross-sectional study was to describe the relationship between body fat percentage (BFP) and heart rate recovery after exercise [post-exercise heart rate (PEHR)], a marker of autonomic regulation, in normal-weight children and adolescents.Methods:We evaluated the body composition of 183 children and adolescents (age 15.0±2.3 years; 132 boys and 51 girls) who performed a maximal graded exercise test on a treadmill, with the heart rate monitored during and immediately after exercise.Results:A strong positive trend was observed in the association between BFP and PEHR (r=0.14; p=0.06). Hierarchical multiple regression revealed that our model explained 18.3% of the variance in PEHR (p=0.00), yet BFP accounted for only 0.9% of the variability in PEHR (p=0.16). The evaluation of the contribution of each independent variable revealed that only two variables made a unique statistically significant contribution to our model (p<0.01), with age contributing 38.7% to our model (p=0.00) while gender accounted for an additional 25.5% (p=0.01). Neither BFP (14.4%; p=0.16) nor cardiorespiratory endurance (5.0%, p=0.60) made a significant unique contribution to the model.Conclusions:Body fatness seems to poorly predict PEHR in our sample of non-obese children and adolescents, while non-modifiable variables (age and gender) were demonstrated as strong predictors of heart rate recovery. The low amount of body fat reported in non-obese young participants was perhaps too small to cause disturbances in autonomic nervous system regulation.

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