scholarly journals Formation of the system of orthology of the Crimean Tatar literary language

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-96
Author(s):  
Adile M. Emirova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Literary Language ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
The Common ◽  
Book Format ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
Crimean Tatar ◽  
History Of Formation

The modern Crimean Tatar literary language as a processed supra-dialectal version of the common language has a long history of formation and development. The foundation of the orthology, the rules for the use of linguistic units in speech, that is, combinations with the other, changes in spelling and pronunciation, were laid in the 20–30s of the last century. The subsequent tragic events (Great Patriotic War, total deportation of the Crimean Tatars and others) delayed the discussion of these problems at the official level for almost half a century. Separate proposals aimed at optimizing the norms of the literary language were made repeatedly in private. So, in the 70s of the last century U. Kukchi in Tashkent read lectures for writers and journalists on the state of the Crimean Tatar literary language, which in 1986 were published in a book format. With the beginning of the process of repatriation of the Crimean Tatars (the end of the 80s of the XX century), interest in the problem of the Crimean Tatar orthology has again intensified. Some of the textbooks published in the 30–40s last century were republished in a modified and supplemented way. In 2010, on the basis of the “Crimean Engineering and Pedagogical University” a draft of the spelling and pronunciation rules was developed and published using the new Latin alphabet. In the Crimean Tatar linguistics there is still no complete and correct set of different types of norms of the Crimean Tatar literary language. All the existing rules in new socio-political conditions are not legitimate.

scholarly journals On specificity of the literary-jargonizing type of speech culture in newspaper texts

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Olga Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Professional Degree ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
Creative Style ◽  
Unique Style ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
Distinguishing Features

This article analyzes the newspaper texts from the perspective of specificity of manifestation of the literary jargonizing type of speech culture – one of the relevant tasks of modern speech studies, substantiated by the state of modern journalism and linguistic problems of mass media. This paper complements a range of linguistic research that determine the attributes of the types of speech culture. The object of this article is the journalistic speech of the popular weekly newspaper “Komsomolskaya Pravda”, the linguistic peculiarities of which (intentional inclusion in the texts of colloquialisms and jargon elements) are substantiated by the thematic orientation of publications. The subject of this article is the texts of articles written by the correspondent A. Meshkov in their ration with the specificity of manifestation of the markers of literary-jargonizing type of speech culture. Special attention is given to the peculiarities of creative style of the journalist, which allow tracing the goals of jargonization of the own speech. The analysis of speech culture of A. Meshkov is based on the anthropocentric approach, as well as linguostylistic, communicative and discursive methods of modern Russian studies. The conclusion is made that the literary-jargonizing type cannot have an unambiguous assessment, since it characterizes different types of the users of jargon speech. The novelty of the study consists in the attempt to extend the boundaries of literary-jargonizing type by determining two variations with the common and distinguishing features. Analysis of the articles authored by A. Meshkov allows attributing his speech culture to the second type of literary jargonization, which is characterized by appropriateness and expediency of using extraliterary linguistic units for delivering the author’s message, professional degree, experience, creative individuality, and unique style.

scholarly journals The Belief Stories in the Texts of Oral History of the People in Late Adulthood Period

2021 ◽  
pp. 423-430
Author(s):  
Damian Gocół
Keyword(s):  
Oral History ◽  
Late Adulthood ◽  
Divine Intervention ◽  
The People ◽  
History Texts ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Devil

In my article, I analyze selected belief stories from the oral history texts. The research material contains the three biographical accounts of the people in late adulthood (over 65). The belief stories (belief tales) are one of the genres of speech typical for the accounts rooted in a folk view of the world. The demonic characters appear in them, e. g. the devil, the striga or the południca. The belief stories contain a detailed description of the world. They have an explanatory function. They are to explain how the world works. Belief stories do not appear often in the oral history texts created by the people in late adulthood who were not related to the countryside or were related to it in a limited extent. This way of shaping the narrative may be related to changes in the rationality of the narrators. The common and the scientific view of the world intersect in their narratives. The narrators add the numerous comments to their belief stories, in which they distance themselves from the folk view of the world or try to scientifically rationalize the fantastic events. Nevertheless, the fragments in which other genres of speech are realized, especially in anecdotes, reveal a clear relationship between the narrative of oral history and the common sense and belief vision of the world. The narrators often explain their own experiences by introducing elements of belief tales into other genres. Such fragments reveal the schemes of punishment and reward, non-worldly divine intervention, anthropomorphization of inanimate objects and assigning them the rank of demonic beings. Despite the intersection of different types of rationality in the narratives, a belief-based vision of the world still plays an important role in shaping of the oral narratives about the past.

THE LANGUAGE POLICY IN TURKIC STATES AND COMMUNITIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-237
Author(s):  
Elchin Ibrahimov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
First Order ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 19Th Century

The history of the language policy of the Turks begins with the work Divanu lugat at-turk, written by Mahmud Kashgari in the 11th century. Despite the fact that the XI-XVII centuries were a mixed period for the language policy of the Turkic states and communities, it contained many guiding and important questions for subsequent stages. Issues of language policy, originating from the work of Kashgari, continued with the publication in 1277 of the first order in the Turkic language by Mehmet-bey Karamanoglu, who is one of the most prominent figures in Anatolian Turkic history, and culminated in the creation of the impeccable work Divan in the Turkic language by the great Azerbaijani poet Imadaddin Nasimi who lived in the late XIV - early XV centuries. Later, the great Uzbek poet of the 15th century, Alisher Navoi, improved the Turkic language both culturally and literally, putting it on a par with the two most influential languages of that time, Arabic and Persian. The appeal to the Turkic language and the revival of the Turkic language in literature before Alisher Navoi, the emergence of the Turkic language, both in Azerbaijan and in Anatolia and Central Asia, as well as in the works of I. Nasimi, G. Burkhanaddin, Y. Emre, Mevlana, made this the language of the common literary language of the Turkic tribes: Uzbeks, Kazakhs-Kyrgyz, Turkmens of Central Asia, Idil-Ural Turks, Uighurs, Karakhanids, Khorezmians and Kashgharts. This situation continued until the 19th century. This article highlights the history of the language policy of the Turkic states and communities.

scholarly journals F.M. Dostoevsky and A.N. Ostrovsky in the process of learning about the people (1860s)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 460-478
Author(s):  
Nadezhda G. Mikhnovets ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Common People ◽  
Russian People ◽  
The People ◽  
Last Judgment ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One ◽  
History Of Formation

The article examines the history of formation and development of Fyodor Dostoevsky’s “soil concepts” in the 1860s in the light of his close attention to the work of Alexander Ostrovsky. Previously, researchers did not correlate the different positions of Ostrovsky and Dostoevsky in the writers’ shared process of the cognition of folk life. The main focus of the article is centered on revealing the dynamics of changes in Dostoevsky’s attitude towards the work of Ostrovsky: from the recognition of impartiality of the playwright’s portrayal of the Russian people to the belief of his misunderstanding of foundations of folk life and the conviction of the gradual increase in accusatory tones in its coverage, starting from the final resolution of the play Thunderstorm. The article identifies the areas of synchronicities and disagreements of the two writers from a problem-thematic standpoint. The work concludes that the main point of divergence in the writers’ understanding of the Russian people was, on the one hand, Dostoevsky’s certainty of the monolithic unity of the Russian people, anchored in the Orthodox faith, and, on the other, Ostrovsky’s idea that the fundamental crises of the mid-19th century encompass all strata of Russian society, without any exceptions. The idea of the significance of the Last Judgment in the life of the common people is identified as essential for Ostrovsky.

scholarly journals Из истории становления словацкого литературного языка: кодификация А. Бернолака и формирование нормы в текстах бернолаковцев А. Руднаи и Ф. К. Габела

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Константин Васильевич Лифанов
Keyword(s):  
Literary Language ◽  
Real Form ◽  
The Real ◽  
History Of ◽  
Real Practice ◽  
History Of Formation

Konstantin V. LifanovFrom the History of Formation of the Slovak Literary Language: A. Bernolák’s Codification and Norm Formation in Texts of Bernolák’s Supporters A. Rudnay and Fr.K. Habel This paper deals with Bernolák’s codification in comparison with the real form of Ber­nolák’s literary language presented in sermons of the Hungarian Cardinal A. Rudnay and translation of the religious treatise from German by Fr. X. Habel. This comparison shows that in real practice Bernolák’s language changed its character, coming nearer to norm of traditional Slovak writing. As a result typical elements, the most widespread in a West Slovak dialect or characterizing peripheral the Záhorie dialect of West Slovakia and the Czech language, forced out the elements concentrated in the Central Slovak dialect. The found out phenomena testifies that the norm essentially different from codification was formed in Bernolák‘s language.

Experimental Induction of the “Sensed Presence” in Normal Subjects and an Exceptional Subject

1997 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 683-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Cook ◽  
M. A. Persinger
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Button Press ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Experimental Induction ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common

9 of the 15 volunteers who were exposed to successive 3-min. durations of bursts of different types of weak (1 microT) complex magnetic fields or sham-fields reported the sense of a presence as indicated by a button press at the time of the experience. Reports of subjective experiences indicated that attempts to “focus” cognitively upon the location of the presence altered its location or induced its “movement.” An exceptional subject who had a history of experiencing within his upper left peripheral visual field “flashing images” concerning the health and history of people [when handling their photographs] was also exposed to the burst sequences. Numbers of button presses associated with the experiences of a mystical presence, to whom the subject attributed his capacity, increased when the complex magnetic fields were applied without the subject's knowledge. The results support the hypothesis that the sense of a presence, which may be the common phenomenological base from which experiences of gods, spirits, angels, and other entities are derived, is a right hemispheric homologue of the left hemispheric sense of self.

Legal History as Doctrinal History

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Getzler
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Legal History ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Historical Scholarship ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
The Common ◽  
History Of Doctrine

This chapter investigates the idea of doctrine as a focus of historical scholarship, asking how the doctrinal mentality arose, and how historical approaches to doctrine emerged strongly in both common-law and civilian or Romanistic legal cultures. It first defines the meaning of ‘doctrine’, and sets out a guiding thesis. It argues that an important dimension of doctrine is communication; and jurists become fascinated by the history of doctrine when social and political conditions necessitate an expansion or transfer of the legal system, with concomitant transfers of doctrinal thought. The chapter then traces the development of doctrinal history from Gaius to the common law tradition.

scholarly journals NEW PERSPECTIVE OF TURKIC-MONGOLIAN AND TURKIC-TUNGUS-MANCHU LEXICAL LINKS: THE ALTAIC THEORY POSSIBILITIES FOR REVEALING ANCIENT LANGUAGE CONTACTS

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-26
Author(s):  
Alexis A. Burykin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Common Origin ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
Different Levels

During 150 years history of Altaic studies, no contradictions arose while discussing the issues concerning the common origin of languages, language contact results and their further consequences, as well as the stratum of borrowed linguistic units into different levels of the language. Such studies performed various tasks within the framework of Altaic theory dwelling on a traditional idea of the Altaic languages affinity. However, there were certain attempts to reconsider this idea within the framework of counter-Altaic theory. The present paper performed 4 tasks. First, it explained not quite regular phonetic correspondences in certain words and drew parallels at the common Altaic level. Second, it showed that a considerable amount of quite similar words in Tungus-Manchu and partly Mongolian and Turkic languages are old borrowings that do not fit into traditional assumptions about areal links of Turkic, Mongolian and Tungus-Manchu languages. Third, it determined a corpus of lexical units that can be considered a result of the influence of already disappeared ancient Mongolian and Turkic languages on the lexical fund of Tungus-Manchu ones. Finally, it confirmed the validity of common Altaic reconstruction again and showed that without analyzing ancient borrowings, it is totally impossible to explain a number of important facts from the history of Turkic languages.

scholarly journals TO THE HISTORY OF USING UDMURT LEXICAL DIALECTISMS IN EARLY TEXTS AND PATHS TO THEIR SYNONYMIZATION (Using example words with the meaning ’to deceive’)

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 785-803
Author(s):  
V.K. Kel'makov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Subsequent Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Printed Materials ◽  
The 19Th Century

Due to the lack of a common Udmurt written language, the translated texts of the first half of the 19th century and the subsequent time up to the beginning of the 20th century were formally oriented towards the native speakers of separate Udmurt dialects and therefore, they were mainly based on the Sarapul, Glazov, Kazan, Yelabuga and other dialects. However, in most cases, these translated texts - even the earliest ones - were linguistically different in various degrees from the spoken variant of the original basic dialects, since translators and editors were forced to incorporate linguistic elements from other dialects, firstly, in order to make these translations accessible for the majority of the Udmurt readers, and secondly, to enhance the expressive capabilities of the literary Udmurt language. Consequently, even the very first as well as the following Udmurt translations of Russian and (partially) Christian Tatar religious texts introduced various dialectal inclusions, especially lexical ones. The article discusses the ways and methods of using inter-dialectical lexical parallels with special attention to one of them, consisting of lexical units with the common meaning “to deceive” (in the clerical literature also “seduce, tempt”): southern aldani̮, peripheral southern and central örekč́ani̮ and northern pöjani̮. In the end, these specific words and a number of other inter-dialectal correspondences close to each other in meaning were subjected in the Udmurt literary language to full or partial synonymization, as evidenced by the language of Udmurt printed materials of recent decades.

scholarly journals On the question of the lexical-semantic subgroup of names of dishes for liquids

2021 ◽  
Vol IX(253) (45) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
L. M. Naumenko
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Current State ◽  
Liquid Storage ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Formation

The article continues the series of the author's publications, which are devoted to the study of the history of formation of separate lexical and semantic groups of names of dishes and furniture, which are most often used in everyday life of Ukrainian people. The article analyzes the tokens to denote the names of dishes used for liquid storage. The history of formation of names is traced; changes that have occurred at the phonetic or graphical levels. The language of origin and fixation in various Ukrainian sources have been established. The current state of use in the language is clarified: Ukrainian literary language or dialects.

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