scholarly journals Из истории становления словацкого литературного языка: кодификация А. Бернолака и формирование нормы в текстах бернолаковцев А. Руднаи и Ф. К. Габела

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Константин Васильевич Лифанов
Keyword(s):  
Literary Language ◽  
Real Form ◽  
The Real ◽  
History Of ◽  
Real Practice ◽  
History Of Formation

Konstantin V. LifanovFrom the History of Formation of the Slovak Literary Language: A. Bernolák’s Codification and Norm Formation in Texts of Bernolák’s Supporters A. Rudnay and Fr.K. Habel This paper deals with Bernolák’s codification in comparison with the real form of Ber­nolák’s literary language presented in sermons of the Hungarian Cardinal A. Rudnay and translation of the religious treatise from German by Fr. X. Habel. This comparison shows that in real practice Bernolák’s language changed its character, coming nearer to norm of traditional Slovak writing. As a result typical elements, the most widespread in a West Slovak dialect or characterizing peripheral the Záhorie dialect of West Slovakia and the Czech language, forced out the elements concentrated in the Central Slovak dialect. The found out phenomena testifies that the norm essentially different from codification was formed in Bernolák‘s language.

scholarly journals AZERBAIJANI LITERARY LANGUAGE OF THE 17th CENTURY: THE SOCIO-POLITICAL CONTENT AND LANGUAGE OF THE ERA

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullaeva Gizilgul Agali Gizi
Keyword(s):  
Language Change ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
The Real ◽  
Xvii Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Turkish Language

The article reveals the socio-political content of the XVII century. Both dependence on foreigners and the influence of internal tensions between tribes on the political life of the Safavid state are investigated. In such historical circumstances, the cultural environment is also based on sources that have not yet been identified. Under such circumstances, a description of the language is given. In particular, during the period of the Shah Abbas (during the rule of other shahs), attitudes toward the Turkish language are expressed in contradictory ideas. It has been established that the stage of the XVII century literary language is not a way out, but history as a turning point. This is proved, on the one hand, by scientific data, as well as facts about language. As a result of the research, it turns out that the language policy that underlies the existence of the state and the nation is carried out in the direction of Turkic rule in the 17th century. The article contains the rich language of the real world, including the introduction of the Turkish language in the history of the 17th century Azerbaijani literary language, the decline of the Persian language (including the accompanying Arabic language), the destruction of cults, as well as the intensification of new processes, such as differentiation, stabilization and democratization examples. In the 17th century, as in all periods of the history of the Azerbaijani literary language or at all stages of historical development, the process of defining a literary language and defining different styles (charming, scientific, official epistolary) took place. Style plays a significant role in relationships. In volume, the rate is determined in style and appears. As a result, it is noted that the 17th century very dynamically develops phonetic, lexical and grammatical norms in the direction of nationalization. The development of literary language, of course, all levels of language are available. But what if you want to translate it into one language? The real fact, which is obvious, or hidden, or not, is voluminous in the volume, which is a lexical system, which leads to great changes. This does not mean that in other languages, such as the phonological system, the language is checked and the file is checked. All, that is, it is not so, but here is a breakthrough for change. This is not an idea or an idea of ​​ignorance and ignorance, but there is no certainty that changes in language change. The truth is that everything that creates a change in the original of another phenomenon, which confirms the existence of legality. The definition of phonetic norms for a certain period of time (continent, period or phase) is contained in a volume that is one of the other publicly available versions of the phone in the language, and, in each other's eyes, by removing from one-dimensional parallels, stabilization in language and content

scholarly journals Formation of the system of orthology of the Crimean Tatar literary language

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-96
Author(s):  
Adile M. Emirova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Literary Language ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
The Common ◽  
Book Format ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
Crimean Tatar ◽  
History Of Formation

The modern Crimean Tatar literary language as a processed supra-dialectal version of the common language has a long history of formation and development. The foundation of the orthology, the rules for the use of linguistic units in speech, that is, combinations with the other, changes in spelling and pronunciation, were laid in the 20–30s of the last century. The subsequent tragic events (Great Patriotic War, total deportation of the Crimean Tatars and others) delayed the discussion of these problems at the official level for almost half a century. Separate proposals aimed at optimizing the norms of the literary language were made repeatedly in private. So, in the 70s of the last century U. Kukchi in Tashkent read lectures for writers and journalists on the state of the Crimean Tatar literary language, which in 1986 were published in a book format. With the beginning of the process of repatriation of the Crimean Tatars (the end of the 80s of the XX century), interest in the problem of the Crimean Tatar orthology has again intensified. Some of the textbooks published in the 30–40s last century were republished in a modified and supplemented way. In 2010, on the basis of the “Crimean Engineering and Pedagogical University” a draft of the spelling and pronunciation rules was developed and published using the new Latin alphabet. In the Crimean Tatar linguistics there is still no complete and correct set of different types of norms of the Crimean Tatar literary language. All the existing rules in new socio-political conditions are not legitimate.

scholarly journals Is a history of the Ukrainian literary language a history of the language of Ukrainian literature?

2018 ◽  
pp. 93-104
Author(s):  
Michael Moser
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Standard Language ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prague School ◽  
Traditional Term ◽  
Slavic Studies

Whilemost western linguists prefer the term “standard language”, the older term “literary language” still prevails in Ukrainian studies (as in other fields of Slavic studies). Although the expressions are theoretically synonymous, it is obvious that the traditional term “literary language” often creates serious problems. Particularly, this applies to various “Histories of the Ukrainian Literary Language,” which often turn out to be histories of the Ukrainian language of literature instead. Particularly, these works pay very scarce attention to the historical development of those factors that are decisive for the status of a “literary” or “standard language” as described, inter alia, by the Prague Linguistic Circle or Einar Haugen. Against the background of the theses that were suggested by the Prague Linguistic circle, histories of the Ukrainian “literary language” should provide considerably more information regarding the codification of Ukrainian and the dissemination of the codified language, the development of the multifunctionality and superregional outreach of Ukrainian and, to a certain extent, its stylistic diversification. The same is true if we look at our “Histories of the Ukrainian Literary Language” from Einar Haugens perspective (which is, after all, very similar to the Prague School theses) and want to know more about the processes of selection, codification, dissemination, and elaboration in their historical dimension. Unfortunately, the focus of the “Histories of the Ukrainian Literary Language” is clearly on the language of fine literature, although this sphere is in fact just one out of many that should be much more carefully studied in new monographs devoted to the history of the Ukrainian literary (or standard) language in the real meaning of the word. The present study offers a critical approach to the most widely used “History of the Ukrainian Literary Language” by Vitalij Rusanivskyj, which basically is a history of the Ukrainian language of literature.

scholarly journals On the question of the lexical-semantic subgroup of names of dishes for liquids

2021 ◽  
Vol IX(253) (45) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
L. M. Naumenko
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Current State ◽  
Liquid Storage ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Formation

The article continues the series of the author's publications, which are devoted to the study of the history of formation of separate lexical and semantic groups of names of dishes and furniture, which are most often used in everyday life of Ukrainian people. The article analyzes the tokens to denote the names of dishes used for liquid storage. The history of formation of names is traced; changes that have occurred at the phonetic or graphical levels. The language of origin and fixation in various Ukrainian sources have been established. The current state of use in the language is clarified: Ukrainian literary language or dialects.

Chasing Angels: The Sweet Wine Angelica

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
hank shaw
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Real ◽  
Mission Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Uncertain Future ◽  
Sweet Wine ◽  
Made In

Portugal has port, Spain has sherry, Sicily has Marsala –– and California has angelica. Angelica is California's original wine: The intensely sweet, fortified dessert cordial has been made in the state for more than two centuries –– primarily made from Mission grapes, first brought to California by the Spanish friars. Angelica was once drunk in vast quantities, but now fewer than a dozen vintners make angelica today. These holdouts from an earlier age are each following a personal quest for the real. For unlike port and sherry, which have strict rules about their production, angelica never gelled into something so distinct that connoisseurs can say, ““This is angelica. This is not.”” This piece looks at the history of the drink, its foggy origins in the Mission period and on through angelica's heyday and down to its degeneration into a staple of the back-alley wino set. Several current vintners are profiled, and they suggest an uncertain future for this cordial.

ANCIENT VALLEYS IN THE WEST PRIBAIKALYE (HISTORY OF FORMATION)

2015 ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. D. Mats ◽  
I. M. Yefimova ◽  
A. A. Kulchitskii
Keyword(s):  
The West ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Formation

Formation and Development of the Pre-Professional Training System of Foreign Medical Applicants in Ukraine (Historical and Educational Aspect)

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-98
Author(s):  
Iana Proskurkina
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Students ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Training System ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Effective System ◽  
History Of ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The University ◽  
History Of Formation ◽  
Educational Aspect

Abstract The growing number of foreign applicants looking forward to getting education in Ukrainian medical universities makes us find the ways how to improve and make effective the pre-professional training system of foreign medical applicants for further education. The article deals with the issues of the history of formation and development of the preprofessional training system of foreign medical applicants in Ukraine. On the ground of the electronic databases of the official websites of higher educational establishments, the data on years of opening first offices of the dean, departments and preparatory faculties for foreign medical applicants in Ukrainian medical universities are analyzed and systematized. Also the data on the setting up preparatory faculties at other universities who carry out licensed training of foreign students of the medical profile are presented. The data on the operating and management of such institutions in the system of the University administration are generalized. It’s revealed that during the years of its functioning the pre-professional training has changed, in particular the system was commercialized and the institutions involved in training foreign applicants have been reorganized. The modern trends in teaching foreign medical students at the preparatory faculties of the Ukrainian medical universities are displayed. Based on the analysis of the data it is concluded that the system of the pre-professional training of foreign medical applicants was set up in the 50s-60s years of the twentieth century. During this time, some positive experience in the preparation of future international medical specialists has been gained. The system of the pre-professional training of foreign medical applicants has been comprehensively improved and an effective system of managing foreign medical applicants has been created.

EXPLORING HEALTHCARE ARCHITECTURE THROUGH THE MEDIUM OF FILM: Motives and Techniques

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Stephen Verderber
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
The Real ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Behavior Setting ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
History Of

The interdisciplinary field of person-environment relations has, from its origins, addressed the transactional relationship between human behavior and the built environment. This body of knowledge has been based upon qualitative and quantitative assessment of phenomena in the “real world.” This knowledge base has been instrumental in advancing the quality of real, physical environments globally at various scales of inquiry and with myriad user/client constituencies. By contrast, scant attention has been devoted to using simulation as a means to examine and represent person-environment transactions and how what is learned can be applied. The present discussion posits that press-competency theory, with related aspects drawn from functionalist-evolutionary theory, can together function to help us learn of how the medium of film can yield further insights to person-environment (P-E) transactions in the real world. Sampling, combined with extemporary behavior setting analysis, provide the basis for this analysis of healthcare settings as expressed throughout the history of cinema. This method can be of significant aid in examining P-E transactions across diverse historical periods, building types and places, healthcare and otherwise, otherwise logistically, geographically, or temporally unattainable in real time and space.

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