Technique for relation global reference system and local realization of global reference system by continuously operated reference stations

2020 ◽  
Vol 962 (8) ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
V.E. Tereshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Reference System ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Precise Point Positioning ◽  
Global Coordinate System ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article suggests a technique for relation global kinematic reference system and local static realization of global reference system by regional continuously operated reference stations (CORS) network. On the example of regional CORS network located in the Novosibirsk Region (CORS NSO) the relation parameters of the global reference system WGS-84 and its local static realization by CORS NSO network at the epoch of fixing stations coordinates in catalog are calculated. With the realization of this technique, the main parameters to be determined are the speed of displacement one system center relativly to another and the speeds of rotation the coordinate axes of one system relatively to another, since the time evolution of most stations in the Russian Federation is not currently provided. The article shows the scale factor for relation determination of coordinate systems is not always necessary to consider. The technique described in the article also allows detecting the errors in determining the coordinates of CORS network in global coordinate system and compensate for them. A systematic error of determining and fixing the CORS NSO coordinates in global coordinate system was detected. It is noted that the main part of the error falls on the altitude component and reaches 12 cm. The proposed technique creates conditions for practical use of the advanced method Precise Point Positioning (PPP) in some regions of the Russian Federation. Also the technique will ensure consistent PPP method results with the results of the most commonly used in the Russian Federation other post-processing methods of high-precision positioning.

Applications of the Global Coordinate System

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Balasko
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Critical Points ◽  
Global Coordinate System ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Analytical Characterization ◽  
Equilibrium Manifold ◽  
System P ◽  
Definition Of

The global coordinate system for the equilibrium manifold follows from: (1) the determination of the unique fiber F(b) through the equilibrium (ρ‎, ω‎) where b = φ‎((ρ‎, ω‎) = (ρ‎, ρ‎ · ρ‎1, …, ρ‎ · ρ‎m); and (2) the determination of the location of the equilibrium (ρ‎, ω‎) within the fiber F(b) viewed as a linear space of dimension (ℓ − 1)(m − 1) and, therefore, parameterized by (ℓ − 1)(m − 1) coordinates. If there is little leeway in determining the fiber F(b) through the equilibrium (ρ‎, ω‎), there are different ways of representing the equilibrium (ρ‎, ω‎) within its fiber F(b). This leads to the definition of coordinate systems (A) and (B) for the equilibrium manifold. This chapter defines these two coordinate systems and applies them to obtain an analytical characterization of the critical equilibria, i.e., the critical points of the natural projection.

Geocentric Coordinate Systems and Actual Problems of Modernization of the State Geodetic Network

2018 ◽  
Vol 931 ◽  
pp. 687-691
Author(s):  
Anastasia E. Dudnik ◽  
Oksana V. Germak ◽  
Maksim G. Govorukhin ◽  
Galina K. Tupoleva
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Geodetic Network ◽  
The State ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Geodetic Coordinate System ◽  
Geocentric Coordinate System

The article describes the state of the geocentric coordinate system of the Russian Federation. Current problems of the geodetic coordinate system are described, and a method for solving this problem is proposed.

The methodology of geodetic supporting Russian Federation digital economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 954 (12) ◽  
pp. 42-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.I. Obidenko
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Reference System ◽  
Kinematic Model ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Initial Epoch ◽  
State Reference ◽  
The Russian Federation

In the article the researches on developing modern methodology of supporting the national program “Digital economy of the Russian Federation” with geospatial data and, first of all, its base component, the systems of coordinate support are presented. As the main sentences of upgrading coordinate support it is offered to pass to kinematic model of evolution of coordinates in the state coordinate system GSK-2011 completely. The coordinates in this model are to be given to the consumer not on some separate instants (an initial epoch of installation of a coordinate system, an epoch of the last adjustment etc.), but for the current date, using a federal network of differential geodetic stations as the main tool for implementing this methodology. In order to avoid inconveniences of application the reference system for practical operations (as the coordinates are time-dependent), it is offered to use the additional coordinate system, “fixed” to an appropriate tectonic plate, spun round Euler’s pole within the state reference system GSK-2011.

Reference Coordinate System Requirements for Geophysics

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
P. L. Bender
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Polar Motion ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Angular Motion ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Axis Of Rotation ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Fixed System

AbstractFive important geodynamical quantities which are closely linked are: 1) motions of points on the Earth’s surface; 2)polar motion; 3) changes in UT1-UTC; 4) nutation; and 5) motion of the geocenter. For each of these we expect to achieve measurements in the near future which have an accuracy of 1 to 3 cm or 0.3 to 1 milliarcsec.From a metrological point of view, one can say simply: “Measure each quantity against whichever coordinate system you can make the most accurate measurements with respect to”. I believe that this statement should serve as a guiding principle for the recommendations of the colloquium. However, it also is important that the coordinate systems help to provide a clear separation between the different phenomena of interest, and correspond closely to the conceptual definitions in terms of which geophysicists think about the phenomena.In any discussion of angular motion in space, both a “body-fixed” system and a “space-fixed” system are used. Some relevant types of coordinate systems, reference directions, or reference points which have been considered are: 1) celestial systems based on optical star catalogs, distant galaxies, radio source catalogs, or the Moon and inner planets; 2) the Earth’s axis of rotation, which defines a line through the Earth as well as a celestial reference direction; 3) the geocenter; and 4) “quasi-Earth-fixed” coordinate systems.When a geophysicists discusses UT1 and polar motion, he usually is thinking of the angular motion of the main part of the mantle with respect to an inertial frame and to the direction of the spin axis. Since the velocities of relative motion in most of the mantle are expectd to be extremely small, even if “substantial” deep convection is occurring, the conceptual “quasi-Earth-fixed” reference frame seems well defined. Methods for realizing a close approximation to this frame fortunately exist. Hopefully, this colloquium will recommend procedures for establishing and maintaining such a system for use in geodynamics. Motion of points on the Earth’s surface and of the geocenter can be measured against such a system with the full accuracy of the new techniques.The situation with respect to celestial reference frames is different. The various measurement techniques give changes in the orientation of the Earth, relative to different systems, so that we would like to know the relative motions of the systems in order to compare the results. However, there does not appear to be a need for defining any new system. Subjective figures of merit for the various system dependon both the accuracy with which measurements can be made against them and the degree to which they can be related to inertial systems.The main coordinate system requirement related to the 5 geodynamic quantities discussed in this talk is thus for the establishment and maintenance of a “quasi-Earth-fixed” coordinate system which closely approximates the motion of the main part of the mantle. Changes in the orientation of this system with respect to the various celestial systems can be determined by both the new and the conventional techniques, provided that some knowledge of changes in the local vertical is available. Changes in the axis of rotation and in the geocenter with respect to this system also can be obtained, as well as measurements of nutation.

scholarly journals The Celestial Reference System in Relativistic Framework

1990 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 99-110
Author(s):  
Han Chun-Hao ◽  
Huang Tian-Yi ◽  
Xu Bang-Xin
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Reference Frame ◽  
Reference System ◽  
Light Deflection ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Celestial Sphere ◽  
Celestial Reference System ◽  
Relativistic Framework

The concept of reference system, reference frame, coordinate system and celestial sphere in a relativistic framework are given. The problems on the choice of celestial coordinate systems and the definition of the light deflection are discussed. Our suggestions are listed in Sec. 5.

Judicial Resolution of Issues Related to the Movement of Underages Without Accompanying Parents

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
I. V. Botantsov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
Independent Travel ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Do So

According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, every citizen has the right to freedom of movement on its territory, but due to the fact that minors cannot be held accountable for their actions, there is a need to control their movement by legal representatives. The practical determination of the age of independent travel of minors and the issues of drawing up documents by parents authorizing them to do so are the subjects of disputes that are subject to judicial resolution. The article provides an analysis of the relevant practice, accompanied by the author's comments.

scholarly journals On jurisdiction in case of extradition of a foreign citizen by the Russian Federation: the problems of theory and law enforcement practice

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Alexander Fedyunin
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Criminal Procedure Law ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Specific Regulation

The subject of this research is the issues emerging in consideration of jurisdiction of the material on extradition of a foreign citizen by the Russian Federation. The article touches upon the peculiarities of national and territorial aspect of jurisdiction, and its specific regulation in the criminal procedure law. The article employs the general scientific and private scientific methods, such as scientific analysis, generalization, comparative-legal, formal-logical, which allowed to most fully reflect the essence and problematic aspects of the selected topic. The question at hand is of major importance for the theory of criminal procedure and law enforcement practice, as the mistakes in determination of jurisdiction of the material are a severe violation of the rights, including the convict, and entail the unconditional annulment of court decision. The analysis of the most common mistakes occurred in application of the norms regulating the jurisdiction of extradition of a foreign citizen convicted by the court of the Russian Federation, as well as theoretical issues associated with determination of the court that deals with the particular issue allows outlining the vector and finding solution to the indicated problems.

scholarly journals Improving the algorithm for determining the areas of operation of long-range aircraft

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 40-52
Author(s):  
K. A. Kuts
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Main Type ◽  
Specific Function ◽  
Planning Systems ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Flight Planning ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Selection Of

The determination of operation area from en-route alternates for long-range airline aircraft is an important aspect of ensuring safety of the upcoming flight. In the domestic and foreign methodological literature on flight planning, including the guidance material for flight planning systems, there is no single reasonable algorithm for constructing operation areas of long-range aircraft, including the use of the EDTO-ETOPS rules. The lack of methodological materials leads to the «free» values determination of areas of operation by airlines for their long-range aircraft while building routes, in particular, when determining the areas of operation on the route, the decrease in the aircraft weight during fuel combustion is ignored. A big question is also the «initial» mass calculations to determine the value of operation areas. The article identifies shortcomings of existing algorithm for identifying the areas of operation based on the fundamental methods for determining area of operation. Microsoft Excel 2019 has been used to perform a polynomial approximation of the table-specific function of the dependence of operation radius on the mass of a long-range aircraft. Based on the certain equations, more advanced algorithm to determine areas of operation has been developed. The new algorithm pays special attention to the selection of the original value of operation area. The calculations in this article are made for the Boeing 777 as the main type of long-range aircraft operated by airlines in the Russian Federation. The developed algorithm increases the flexibility of the route by increasing the radius of operation areas from en-route alternates and can be used in flight planning systems of airlines.

scholarly journals THE PROCESS OF RENAMING OBJECTS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE 1990-2000-S AS A SPECIAL SOCIO-CULTURAL PRACTICE

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 196-204
Author(s):  
Roman V. Razumov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Regional Identity ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Negative Reaction ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
Main Difficulty ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Name Changes

The purpose of this article is to analyze the process of renaming objects as a special socio-cultural practice. By renaming, the author means a kind of artificial nomination manifested in the replacement of one name of his own by another under the influence of extranomastic factors as a result of the adoption of a special nominative act by the executive or legislative body. The article noted that in addition to the term renaming, the terms renomination or renaming have now been used. The renaming of objects was first considered on the material of name changes in 26 cities of the Russian Federation, which occurred in the 1990–2000s. The author notes that the main difficulty in changing the name is the negative reaction of society to any proposal to eliminate the usual name. Another difficulty is due to the fact that the new name should fit organically into the already existing urbanonomic environment. The main part of the article contains an analysis of three real urbanonymic practices of renaming objects used in the 1990–2000s: the return of historical names, the creation of urbanonyms that form a regional identity, and unofficial or temporary renaming of objects. The author notes that these urbanonymic practices largely continue the traditions laid down in the Soviet era and based on a memorial nomination, perpetuating the memory of a person or historical event. A distinctive feature of many urbanonyms of the post-Soviet era was their use to form the regional identity of citizens. This is served not only by new memorial urbanonyms, but also by many pre-revolutionary urbanonyms returned to the post-Soviet era. Obviously, the further appearance of such names contributes to the formation of a local city text.

scholarly journals DEvELopMENT of TEOHNiQuEs FoR THE DETERMiNATioN oF MoisTuRE (Loss oN DRYING) oF MEDiOiNAL PLANT RAW MATERiALS oF MoRPHoLoGiOAL group “FRUiT” by infrared thermogravimetric method

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
D. A Zhdanov ◽  
V. B Braslavsky
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The State ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Anethum Graveolens ◽  
Thermogravimetric Method ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article is devoted to the development of new and perspective for the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation (SP RF) techniques for determining of the moisture (loss on drying) of medicinal plant raw materials of the morphological group “Fruit” and medicinal plant preparations by the use of infrared thermogravimetric (IRTGM) method. The techniques for determination of moisture (loss on drying) IRTGM-method as exemplified by the fruit of the following medicinal plants: Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., Rosa cinnamomea L. and Anethum graveolens L. were developed. The comparable results for determining of the moisture (loss on drying) of the medicinal plant raw materials of investigated plants were obtained by means of two methods: IRTGM and pharmacopoeial method, which allow us to recommend the developed techniques for inclusion into the relevant monographs of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation.

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