scholarly journals Perkembangan Anak Usia 36-59 Bulan dengan Status Gizi Normal yang Menderita Malaria di Indonesia Bagian Timur Tahun 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Revi Rosavika Kinansi ◽  
Tri Wurisastuti
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Eastern Indonesia ◽  
Backward Elimination ◽  
Mother’S Education ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mother's Education

Abstract Factors influencing development of child’s health include child's nutritional intake, heredity,, parenting patterns, the environment parental education, parent's work and history of infections. This study aims to determine the relationship between the history of malaria with the development of children aged 3659 months in eastern Indonesia based on Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) 2018. The sample were all children aged 36-59 months in eastern Indonesia which have normal nutrition. Data were analyzed using a backward elimination method of multiple logistic regression. Based on these results, factors affecting the development of children aged 36-59 months in 5 malaria endemic provinces are mother's education and children's residence either in rural or urban areas. Whereas the history of malaria infection factors do not have a significant effect on the development of children aged 36-59 months. Father's education and work status of parents were confounding variables on the development of children aged 36-59 months. A good mother's education provides an opportunity of 1,401 times to realize good development for children aged 36-59 months. Likewise with children who live in urban areas have a chance of 1,189 times have a good development compared with children aged 36-59 months who live in rural areas. Keywords: Development of children aged 36-59 months, history of malaria infection, education of both parents, work of both parents, domicile Abstrak Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perkembangan antara lain, asupan nutrisi anak, hereditas (bawaan dari orang tua), pola asuh kedua orang tua, lingkungan dimana anak tinggal, pendidikan orang tua, pekerjaan orang tua dan riwayat infeksi pada anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan antara riwayat penyakit malaria dengan perkembangan anak usia 36-59 bulan di wilayah timur Indonesia berdasarkan data Riset Dasar Kesehatan Tahun 2018. Sampel dalam analisis ini adalah seluruh anak berusia 36-59 bulan diwilayah Indonesia timur yang memiliki gizi normal. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode backward elimination regresi logistik berganda. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan anak usia 36-59 bulan di 5 provinsi endemis malaria yaitu pendidikan ibu dan tempat tinggal anak baik di pedesaan atau di perkotaan. Sedangkan untuk faktor riwayat infeksi malaria tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap perkembangan anak usia 36-59 bulan. Pendidikan ayah dan status bekerja orang tua merupakan variabel perancu terhadap perkembangan anak usia 36-59 bulan. Pendidikan ibu yang baik memberi peluang sebesar 1,401 kali dapat mewujudkan perkembangan yang baik untuk anak usia 36-59 bulan. Begitu pula dengan anak yang tinggal di perkotaan memiliki peluang sebesar 1,189 kali memiliki perkembangan yang baik dibandingkan dengan anak usia 36-59 bulan yang tinggal di perdesaan. Kata kunci: perkembangan anak, riwayat infeksi malaria, pendidikan, pekerjaan orang tua, tempat tinggal

scholarly journals Oral hygiene, dietary habits and prevalence of dental caries in adolescents from rural and urban areas in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
Tássia Silvana BORGES ◽  
Moisés Zacarias CARDOSO ◽  
Mixianni Justo FORTUNA ◽  
Cézane Priscila REUTER ◽  
Simone IMPERATORE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Mother’S Education ◽  
Mother's Education

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the condition of oral hygiene, dietary habits and prevalence of dental caries in adolescents, listing these habits and comparing residents from rural and urban areas. Methods: Cross-sectional study involving of 623 adolescents of both sexes, aged 12 to 17 year old in Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil. Data were collected through sociodemographic questionnaires and dental examination. We conducted a descriptive analysis of the exposure variables and outcome. A bivariate analysis was then performed using the Chi-square test. Results: The prevalence of caries was 63.6%, in which adolescents living in rural areas had a prevalence of 70.7% and 56.4% in the urban area. The level of mother’s education ≤4 years and socioeconomic class B1/B2 and C1/C2 showed statistically significant differences between the areas of residence. Among the demographic variables, the rural area showed a higher prevalence of caries. Conclusion: The results showed a high prevalence of dental caries among the adolescents studied and indicate a correlation between prevalence and the low level of mother’s education, socioeconomic status (low to medium) and residence in rural areas. It should be understood that, while the multifactorial nature and stratified caries actions are not taken into consideration, the actions implemented will continue to fail, frustrating the expectations set by government entities.

scholarly journals The association between area of residence and sufficient antenatal tetanus vaccination in women ages 15–49 in Afghanistan: an analysis of the 2015 DHS dataset

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian Sherley ◽  
Sam Newton
Keyword(s):  
Live Birth ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Mother’S Education ◽  
Tetanus Vaccination ◽  
Mother's Education

Abstract Background Neonatal tetanus (NT) is a deadly nervous system disorder that is endemic to Afghanistan. Administering sufficient doses of tetanus toxoid containing vaccine (TTCV) during pregnancy can pass antibodies to the fetus and therefore prevent NT. Using survey data, we investigated the association between area of residence (urban or rural) and sufficient antenatal TTCV coverage among women aged 15–49 years in Afghanistan during their most recent pregnancy in the past 5 years that resulted in a live birth. Mother’s education level was also assessed as a potential effect modifier. Methods Secondary analysis was performed on data from the 2015 Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey (AfDHS). The 2015 AfDHS was a nationally representative survey with participants selected in a stratified two-stage sample design from urban and rural areas across Afghanistan’s 34 provinces. Data were analyzed on 19,737 women ages 15–49 that had a live birth in the 5 years preceding the survey. The relationship between area of residence and sufficient antenatal TTCV was assessed in a multivariable logistic regression model, adjusting for several confounding variables. Results 55.1% (95% CI = 51.6–58.5%) of urban women and 53.9% (95% CI = 49.7–57.9%) of rural women had sufficient tetanus vaccination coverage in their most recent pregnancy. In multivariate analysis, there was strong evidence for greater odds of sufficient antenatal tetanus vaccination in rural areas (OR = 1.62; 95% CI = 1.18–2.24, p = 0.003). There was no effect modification on this association by mother’s education level. Conclusions Women in rural areas of Afghanistan have greater odds of receiving sufficient antenatal tetanus vaccination than women in urban areas. Further study into factors contributing to this urban-rural disparity is needed. Targeted antenatal tetanus vaccination strategies for urban and rural women will be necessary as Afghanistan continues to work towards NT eradication.

scholarly journals A Retrospective Study of Factors Affecting Pathway and Time to Diagnosis, Time to Treatment in Children with Cancer in a Single Center in South India

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (03) ◽  
pp. 247-254
Author(s):  
Harsha Prasada Lashkari ◽  
Shobha Prasada ◽  
Jayatheerth Joshi ◽  
Sadashiva Rao
Keyword(s):  
Parental Education ◽  
South India ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Childhood Cancers ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Time To Treatment ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Time To Diagnosis ◽  
Mother’S Education ◽  
Mother's Education

Abstract Introduction The overall cure rate of childhood cancers is above 79% in the developed world, whereas in the developing world, like in India, it is around 50%. It is vital to know the routes of presentation and factors affecting the presentation of childhood cancers in primary, secondary, and tertiary care to design a better survival strategy in childhood cancer. Objective The aim of this study was to know the factors affecting the time to diagnosis and time to treatment in children with cancers in a single center in South India. Materials and Methods It was a retrospective cohort study of children diagnosed with cancer between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2016 at the pediatric oncology unit, KMC Hospital Mangalore, India. The patient interval, time to diagnosis, patient's family, economic background, parental education, and referral pattern were recorded, and its impact on the time taken to diagnosis was studied. The data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0 software. Results Out of 111 children, 72 were boys (64.8%). Fifty-one (46%) children belonged to the less than 5-year age group. The most common cancer was acute lymphoblastic leukemia, diagnosed in 50% (56/111) children, followed by acute myeloid leukemia in 14/111(12.6%), brain tumors in 9 (8.1%), and neuroblastoma in 10 (9%) children. The median patient interval/patient delay was 14 days (1–90 days), referral interval was 14 days (1–150 days), and overall time to diagnosis was 41 days (1–194 days). The first contact was the pediatrician in 86/111 (77.4%). Sixty-four percent (71/111) referral came from a secondary care hospital, and the remaining from the outpatient clinics. There was no difference in sex and patient interval (p = 0.278) and overall time to diagnosis (p = 0.4169), age (p = 0.041), mother’s education (p = 0.034), and type of cancer (p = 0.013) were three critical factors that determined the time to diagnosis. Conclusion Majority of the children diagnosed with cancer presented via referral from pediatricians. An equal number of them were referred to as routine and emergency patients. Age, mother's education, and type of cancers were the crucial factors associated with the overall time taken to diagnosis.

scholarly journals Identification of Coronary Risk Factors Among Urban and Rural Malaysian Youths and Their Possible Underlying Causes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Shafina Mohd Nor ◽  
Yung-An Chua ◽  
Suraya Abdul Razak ◽  
Zaliha Ismail ◽  
Hapizah Mohd Nawawi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Later Life ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Coronary Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Risk ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early identification of the coronary risk factors (CRF) among youths assists in determining the high-risk group to develop CAD in later life. In view of the modernised lifestyle, both urban and rural residing youths are thought to be equally exposed to various CRF. This study aimed to describe the common CRF including obesity, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, smoking and family history of premature CAD in Malaysian youths residing in urban and rural areas. Methods: We recruited 942 Malaysian subjects aged 15–24 years old [(males=257, and urban=555 vs rural=387, (mean age + SD = 20.5 + 2.1 years)] from the community health screening programmes organised in both rural and urban regions throughout Malaysia. Medical history and standardised anthropometric measurements were recorded. Laboratory investigations were obtained for fasting serum lipid profiles and plasma glucose levels. Results: Youths in the rural were more overweight and obese (49.4% vs 42.7%, p<0.044) and have higher family history of hyperlipidaemia (16.3% vs 11.3%, p<0.036) than youths in the urban areas. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c) (2.8 vs 2.7 mmol/L) and total cholesterol (TC) (4.7 vs 4.5 mmol/L) were significantly higher in urban compared to rural youths (p<0.019 and p<0.012). Overall, more youth in this study has CRF rather than not (Has CRF = 67.0% vs No CRF = 33.0%). Significantly more rural youths have at least one CRF compared to urban youths (rural = 71.6% vs urban = 63.8%, p=0.012). Conclusion: In conclusion, rural youths have significantly higher BMI with higher family history of hyperlipidaemia compared to urban youths. However, urban youths have higher LDL-c and TC levels. Other coronary risk factors are not significantly different between urban and rural youths. CRF were significantly more prevalent among rural compared to urban youths.

scholarly journals Diabetes Burden in Urban and Rural Senegalese Populations: A Cross-Sectional Study in 2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Seck ◽  
D. G. Dia ◽  
D. Doupa ◽  
A. Diop-Dia ◽  
I. Thiam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
History Of

Diabetes represents a challenging global health issue in the 21st century. Data from sub-Saharan African populations are scarce and are usually restricted to urban settings. The objective of this study was to compare prevalence and risk factors of diabetes in rural and urban areas in Senegal.Methods.In a community-based survey between January and May 2012, we included 1027 adults aged≥18 years living in northern Senegal. Sociodemographic, clinical, and biological data were collected during household visits. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with diabetes.Results.Mean age of participants was48.0±16.9years and 65.7% were female. Participants from urban area represented 55.7%. The age-standardized prevalence of diabetes was 7.6% (6.0% in men versus 9.0% in women). Prevalence of diabetes was higher in urban areas (8.1%) compared to rural areas (4.6%). Disease awareness rate was 43%. After multivariate analysis, age (OR = 1.63,p=0.001), familial history of diabetes (OR = 1.42,p=0.001), and abdominal obesity (OR = 1.17,p=0.05) were associated with diabetes.Conclusion.Diabetes is frequent in urban and rural areas in Senegal. Awareness rate is very low among populations. Age, family history of diabetes, and abdominal obesity are the main risk factors identified.

Evaluation of access to electricity and the socioeconomic effects in rural and urban expanses of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toluwalope Ogunro ◽  
Luqman Afolabi
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
National Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Government ◽  
Electricity Access

PurposeRecently, multidimensional aspects of poverty has been increasingly focused on which includes education, economy and health, while access to modern energy such as stable electricity is also one of the possible solution; thus, this article aims to divulge the relation between access to electricity and progression in socioeconomic status in urban and rural areas of Nigeria in an attempt to propose a sustainable framework for access to electricity.Design/methodology/approachDemographic and health survey data are collected using four categories of model of questionnaires. A standard questionnaire was designed to gather information on features of the household's dwelling element and attributes of visitors and usual residents between the 2018 period. Biomarker questionnaire was used to gather biomarker data on men, women and children. Logistic model estimation technique was employed to estimate the socioeconomic factors affecting access to electricity in Nigeria.FindingsThese studies discovered that there are diverse set of factors affecting access to electricity in Nigeria especially in the rural areas. However, respondent residing in rural areas are still largely deprived access to electricity; most importantly, households with no access to electricity are more likely to use self-generating sets as revealed. Additionally, empirical findings indicated that the higher the level of your education and wealth, the higher the likelihood of having access to electricity in Nigeria. These factors included political will to connect the rural areas to the national grid, development of other infrastructures in those deprived areas and others.Practical implicationsThe problem confronting access to electricity in Nigeria has three components. The first is the significance of those deprived access to electricity in the rural areas and the physical resources needed to connect them to the national grid. The second is the political willingness of the government to have equitable distribution of public goods evenly between rural and urban areas especially on electricity access which will go a long way in reducing poverty in Nigeria. The third is lack of robust national development plans and strategy to tackle the problems facing electricity access in Nigeria.Social implicationsAs the rate of socioeconomic status/development increases, access to electricity is anticipated to rise up in Nigeria.Originality/valueThe findings can be used by the policy makers to address problems facing access to electricity in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Can interactive parental education impact health care utilization in pediatric asthma: A study in rural Texas

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 3172-3182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Agusala ◽  
Priyanka Vij ◽  
Veena Agusala ◽  
Vivekanand Dasari ◽  
Bhargavi Kola
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Asthma Education ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ed Visits ◽  
The Impact

Objective It is well known that parent/patient education helps to reduce the burden of asthma in urban areas, but data are scarce for rural areas. This study explored the impact of asthma education in Ector County, a rural part of Health Services Region 9 in Texas, which has one of the highest prevalence rates of asthma in the state. Methods This prospective study investigated an interactive asthma education intervention in pediatric patients aged 2–18 years and their caregivers. Change in parental/caregiver knowledge about their child’s asthma along with frequency of missed school days, emergency department (ED) visits and hospital admissions was obtained via telephone surveys before and after the educational intervention was delivered. Results The study enrolled 102 pediatric patients and their parents/caregivers. Asthma education was associated with significantly fewer school absences, ED visits and hospitalizations. Parents/caregivers reported feeling better educated, knowing what triggers an asthma exacerbation, identifying the signs of a severe asthma attack in their child, feeling confident about managing asthma and feeling that the asthma was under control. Conclusion Asthma education of caregivers and children was associated with better symptom management and fewer acute exacerbations, pointing to the relevance and importance of asthma education among pediatric patients in rural areas.

Demographic and socioeconomic factors affecting infant mortality in Egypt

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Y. Aly
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Reduce Infant Mortality ◽  
Nationally Representative

SummaryThis paper analyses the relative importance of demographic and socioeconomic factors with respect to their role in reducing infant mortality in Egypt.Logit analyses of data from a nationally representative sample of Egyptian households, and for urban and rural households separately, indicate that demographic factors have more effect on infant mortality than socioeconomic factors. The results also show the need to improve housing in urban areas and sewerage systems in rural areas in order to reduce infant mortality. One of the most important policy conclusions, however, concerns the importance of providing a vigorous educational campaign to enlighten mothers and prospective mothers in both rural and urban areas on the positive effects of breast-feeding, longer birth intervals, and fewer children on the survival of infants.

scholarly journals HIGH RISK OF CARDIAC DISEASE IN MIDDLE INCOME GROUP AND URBAN PATIENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Ruchi Jindal ◽  
Dr. Manisha ◽  
Dr. K. L. Mali
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Income Group ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Established Risk Factor ◽  
Middle Income Group ◽  
History Of

Background: Smoking is an established risk factor for many diseases and is one of the most important public health problems worldwide. Rural areas of the United States have a higher smoking prevalence than urban areas. Chronic stress associated with high income inequality has been hypothesized to increase CVD risk and other adverse health outcomes Material & Methods: 50 patients were enrolled for this study. Taking Consent and History of patients by a pre planned Performa Manner. Results:   Higher levels of risk of CVD were found in urban and middle income group. Conclusion: Smoking and Alcohol in middle income group in urban population are major risk for CVD. So need to aware people for the same. Keywords: CVD, Smoking, Alcohol, Rural, urban.

La situation socio-économique des chrétiens de Malwa (MP), Inde

1971 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-574
Author(s):  
K.P. Pothen
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Caste System ◽  
Christian Community ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Close Observation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Church

This article contains the results of an enquiry into social and economic aspects of a Christianity founded in India in the 19th Century. The work takes the form of statistical analysis, interviews and close observation of 100 families in a rural environment and 100 families in an urban environ ment. The author describes, first of all, the history of this Christian Community and then puts forward the major conclusions of the study. It seems clear that, in spite of the fact that for the last ten years the influence of the Church has been constantly declining, the growth in the numbers of Christians is sufficient to ensure the continued existence, in material terms, of the Church's institutions. The annual income per head of 447 Roupees puts the Christian Community of Malwa above the average for India as a whole, but there is a considerable difference, in this as in other aspects, between rural and urban areas. It appears that Christianity is much less firmly rooted in rural areas than it is in the towns ; conversion means much less socially to the country-dweller who lives in an environment where the caste-system, with its religious overtones, is still very influential. The achievement of Independence has made a very con siderable difference to the conditions of missionary work. The Church is no longer the sole means of influence in providing advancement and employment.

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