scholarly journals Pemberian Obat Massal Pencegah Filariasis di Desa Mbilur Pangadu Kabupaten Sumba Tengah

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
Varry Lobo ◽  
Anderias Karniawan Bulu ◽  
Monika Noshirma
Keyword(s):  
Drug Administration ◽  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Mass Treatment ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
Village Population ◽  
Clinical Case Management

AbstractFilariasis program in Indonesia is carried out through two main strategies, namely breaking the chain of transmission with mass drug administration in endemic areas and clinical case management. This research was aimed to assess the implementation of administration of filariasis preventive drugs in Mbilur Pangadu village, Central Sumba Regency. Mass drug administration in Central Sumba is the first program that has been carried out and has not been evaluated yet. The study was conducted with a descriptive survey method of Mbilur Pangadu Village population aged ≥ 13 years. The results showed that the majority of respondents who did not receive the drug were in all age groups (> 50%), sex male (64.7%), lack of knowledge about filariasis (85.8%) and distance of treatment posts difficult to reach (65.4%). Most respondents with high or low knowledge did not receive drugs (>50%), but they received the program well. Health activities have an impact of drug acceptance, which is 95.6%. The method of distribution and side effects of treatment does not affect the behavior of taking medication. Guidelines for the implementation of mass treatment must be known and can be carried out by all health workers to achieve the expected target. AbstrakProgram filariasis di Indonesia dilakukan melalui dua strategi utama, yaitu memutuskan rantai penularan dengan pemberian obat massal di daerah endemis dan penatalaksanaan kasus klinis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai pelaksanaan pemberian obat massal pencegah filariasis di Desa Mbilur Pangadu Kabupaten Sumba Tengah. Pemberian obat massal di Sumba Tengah adalah program yang pertama kali dilakukan dan belum pernah dievaluasi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei deskriptif pada seluruh penduduk Desa Mbilur Pangadu yang berumur ≥13 tahun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden yang tidak menerima obat berada pada semua kelompok umur (> 50%), berjenis kelamin laki-laki (64,7%), pengetahuan kurang tentang filariasis (85,8%) dan jarak pos pengobatan sulit dijangkau (65,4%). Sebagian besar responden dengan pengetahuan tinggi maupun rendah tidak menerima obat (>50%), namun mereka menerima program dengan baik. Keaktifan petugas kesehatan sangat berdampak terhadap penerimaan obat yaitu 95,6%. Cara pendistribusian dan efek samping pengobatan tidak berdampak pada perilaku minum obat. Pedoman pelaksanaan pengobatan massal harus diketahui dan bisa dilaksanakan oleh seluruh petugas kesehatan agar mencapai terget yang diharapkan.

Non-compliance to Mass Drug Administration Associated with the Low Perception of the Community Members About their Susceptibility to Lymphatic Filariasis in Ankobra, Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
Ilo Dicko ◽  
Yaya Ibrahim Coulibaly ◽  
Modibo Sangaré ◽  
Bismark Sarfo ◽  
Priscillia Awo Nortey
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Improve Compliance ◽  
Degree Of Association

Background: Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a parasitic disease that has been targeted for elimination through the Mass Drug Administration (MDA.) Although the MDA started in the Ankobra community in Ghana in 2000, LF prevalence as reported in 2014 was relatively high (4.5%). Non-compliance to the MDA has been associated with the persistent LF prevalence in endemic regions. Objective: This study determined the factors associated with the non-compliance to the MDA among patients living in the Ankobra community, Ghana. Methods: A cross-sectional study using a one-stage cluster sampling method was used to collect data between June and July, 2017 in Ankobra. Questionnaires were used to collect data from health workers, the MDA drug distributors and study participants in Ankobra. Data analysis was performed using STATA 14. Logistic regression was used to measure the degree of association between the dependent (non-compliance) and independent variables. Non-compliance rate was defined as the percentage of individuals who self-reported that they did not actually swallow the drugs provided during the MDA. Results: The MDA coverage and non-compliance rates were 73.5% (147/200) and 33.33% (49/147) respectively. The main reason for non-compliance was fear of drug adverse events (75.51%, 37/49). Thought of “not being susceptible to LF” was significantly associated with the non-compliance (aOR= 2.83, [CI= 1.15, 6.98]). Conclusion: Health education about the susceptibility of residents getting LF disease in endemic community must be intensified to improve compliance to MDA medication ingestion and thus meet the Global Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis by 2020.

scholarly journals Potential strategies for strengthening surveillance of lymphatic filariasis in American Samoa after mass drug administration: Reducing ‘number needed to test’ by targeting older age groups, hotspots, and household members of infected persons

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. e0008916
Author(s):  
Colleen L. Lau ◽  
Meru Sheel ◽  
Katherine Gass ◽  
Saipale Fuimaono ◽  
Michael C. David ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
American Samoa ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Antibody Prevalence ◽  
Surveillance Strategy

Under the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (LF), American Samoa conducted mass drug administration (MDA) from 2000–2006. Despite passing Transmission Assessment Surveys (TAS) in 2011/2012 and 2015, American Samoa failed TAS-3 in 2016, with antigen (Ag) prevalence of 0.7% (95%CI 0.3–1.8%) in 6–7 year-olds. A 2016 community survey (Ag prevalence 6.2% (95%CI 4.4–8.5%) in age ≥8 years) confirmed resurgence. Using data from the 2016 survey, this study aims to i) investigate antibody prevalence in TAS-3 and the community survey, ii) identify risk factors associated with being seropositive for Ag and anti-filarial antibodies, and iii) compare the efficiency of different sampling strategies for identifying seropositive persons in the post-MDA setting. Antibody prevalence in TAS-3 (n = 1143) were 1.6% for Bm14 (95%CI 0.9–2.9%), 7.9% for Wb123 (95%CI 6.4–9.6%), and 20.2% for Bm33 (95%CI 16.7–24.3%); and in the community survey (n = 2507), 13.9% for Bm14 (95%CI 11.2–17.2%), 27.9% for Wb123 (95%CI 24.6–31.4%), and 47.3% for Bm33 (95%CI 42.1–52.6%). Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for being seropositive for Ag and antibodies. Higher Ag prevalence was found in males (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.01), age ≥18 years (aOR 2.18), residents of Fagali’i (aOR 15.81), and outdoor workers (aOR 2.61). Ag prevalence was 20.7% (95%CI 9.7–53.5%) in households of Ag-positive children identified in TAS-3. We used NNTestav (average number needed to test to identify one positive) to compare the efficiency of the following strategies for identifying persons who were seropositive for Ag and each antibody: i) TAS of 6–7 year-old children, ii) population representative surveys of older age groups, and iii) targeted surveillance of subpopulations at higher risk of being seropositive (older ages, householders of Ag-positive TAS children, and known hotspots). For Ag, NNTestav ranged from 142.5 for TAS, to <5 for households of index children. NNTestav was lower in older ages, and highest for Ag, followed by Bm14, Wb123 and Bm33 antibodies. We propose a multi-stage surveillance strategy, starting with population-representative sampling (e.g. TAS or population representative survey of older ages), followed by strategies that target subpopulations and/or locations with low NNTestav. This approach could potentially improve the efficiency of identifying remaining infected persons and residual hotspots. Surveillance programs should also explore the utility of antibodies as indicators of transmission.

scholarly journals Peran Tenaga Pelaksana Eliminasi dalam Pelaksanaan Program Pemberian Obat Secara Massal (POPM) Filariasis di Kota Pekalongan

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Herlysse Jorghi Jorghi ◽  
Praba Ginandjar ◽  
Nissa Kusariana ◽  
Lintang Dian Saraswati
Keyword(s):  
Family Member ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Target Family ◽  
The Given

Latar belakang: Penyakit Filariasis merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh cacing filaria. Kota Pekalonganmerupakan kota dengan endemis filariasis dan telah dilakukan Program Pemberian Obat secara Massal (POPM) sejak tahun 2011 hingga 2015, Namun, hasil Survei Darah Jari (SDJ) menunjukkan nilai Mikrofilaria Rate di Kota  Pekalongan  masih  >  1%.  Penelitian  ini  bertujuan  untuk  menggambarkan  peran  Tenaga  Pelaksana Eliminasi (TPE) filariasis dan hambatan yang ditemui pada pelaksanaan POPM di Kota Pekalongan.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectiona. Jumlah sampel 95 orang petugas TPE dengan menggunakan simple ramdom sampling. Pengumpulan data dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner.  Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa EP dalam memilih anggota keluarga target yang akan dirawat adalah optimal (63,2%). EP dalam membantu puskesmas menentukan dosis dan pemberian obat-obatan untuk masing-masing keluarga yang dibantu (52,6%). EP dalam merekam keluarga yang dibantu yang minum obat pada kartu sudah optimal (55,8%). EP dalam memantau dan mencatat reaksi perawatan yang mungkin timbul dan melaporkan kepada petugas kesehatan adalah optimal (61,1%).Simpulan: Peran tenaga pelaksana eliminasi TPE di Kota Pekalongan dalam menyeleksi anggota keluarga binaan yang akan diobati, dalam membantu puskesmas menentukan dosis dan pemberian obat pada setiap keluarga binaan, dalam pencatatan keluarga binaan yang meminum obat pada kartu, dan dalam pengawasan dan pencatatan reaksi pengobatan yang mungkin timbul serta pelaporan kepada petugas kesehatan sudah optimalKata kunci: Filariasis, Tenaga Pelaksana EliminasiABSTRACT Title: The role of Elimination Personnel (EP) implementing filariasis MDA in Pekalongan City Background: Filariasis is a disease caused by filarial worms, Pekalongan City has carried out filariasis MDA (Mass Drug Administration) since 2011-2015. However, the results of the Finger Blood Survey (SDJ) showed that the microfilaria rate was > 1%. This study aims to describe the role of Elimination Personnel (EP) and the obstacles faced in implementing filariasis MDA in Pekalongan City.Method: This study used a cross sectional research method. Sampling in this study used simple random side, total 95 respondents. Data obtained by structure interviews using questionnaires.Result: The results showed that EP in selecting the target family members to be treated is optimal (63.2%). EP in helping puskesmas determine the dosage and administration of medicines for each of the assisted families (52.6%). EP in recording the assisted families who drank the medicine on the card was optimal (55.8%). EP in monitoring and recording treatment reactions that may arise and reporting to health workers was optimal (61.1%).Conclusion: The roles of TPE elimination workers of Pekalongan City were optimum, such as selecting family member who will be treated, helping Puskesmas in deciding the dosage and giving the medicine to every treated family, record of treated family who take the medicine in the given card, and in the supervision and record of medical reaction that might happen and reporting it to health workers.Keywords: Filariasis, Elimination Personnel  

scholarly journals Obstetrical Factors in Postpartum Depression: A Correlational Study at General Hospitals of Banjarmasin

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Winda Ayu Fazraningtyas ◽  
Anggrita Sari ◽  
Dini Rahmayani
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Quantitative Design ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
And Child Health ◽  
Poor Relationship

Problematic health areas such as maternal and child health is one of the target areas to be addressed so that by 2030, reduction of maternal mortality by less than 70 per 100,000 live births will be attained. Mental illness that happens in postpartum women is significantly associated with morbidity and disability. There are about 10% of pregnant women and 13% of mothers who experience mental disorder, especially depression worldwide. This study aimed to determine and analyze the obstetrical factors associated with postpartum depression. This study used quantitative design with descriptive survey method. A total of 88 participants were included coming from the two General Hospital in Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. EPDS, BDI-II, and PPDRF checklist were used. It was found out that there is no significant association between the level of depression and desire to be pregnant, complication in pregnancy, and history of abortion. However, there is a significant relationship between participants’ level of depression and their experience of menstrual problems. There are 15 or 17% mothers who suffered severe postpartum depression in both hospitals. This needs to be a concern for health workers because postpartum depression mothers could have a poor relationship with children, difficulty meeting their daily needs, caring for children, or even developing into postpartum psychosis.

scholarly journals Risk factors for lymphatic filariasis and mass drug administration non-participation in Mandalay Region, Myanmar

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin F. R. Dickson ◽  
Patricia M. Graves ◽  
Ni Ni Aye ◽  
Thet Wai Nwe ◽  
Tint Wai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Myanmar commenced a lymphatic filariasis (LF) elimination programme in 2000. Whilst the country has made considerable progress since then, a number of districts have demonstrated persistent transmission after many rounds of mass drug administration (MDA). The causes of unsuccessful MDA have been examined elsewhere; however, there remains little information on the factors that contribute in Myanmar. Methods We conducted an analysis of factors associated with persistent infection, LF-related hydrocoele and MDA participation in an area with ongoing transmission in 2015. A cross-sectional household survey was undertaken in 24 villages across four townships of Mandalay Region. Participants were screened for circulating filarial antigen (CFA) using immunochromatographic tests and, if positive, for microfilaria by night-time thick blood slide. Individuals 15 year and older were assessed for filariasis morbidity (lymphoedema and, if male, hydrocoele) by ultrasound-assisted clinical examination. A pre-coded questionnaire was used to assess risk factors for LF and for non-participation (never taking MDA). Significant variables identified in univariate analyses were included in separate step-wise multivariate logistic regressions for each outcome. Results After adjustment for covariates and survey design, being CFA positive was significantly associated with age [odds ratio (OR) 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.06), per year], male gender (OR 3.14, 1.27–7.76), elevation (OR 0.96, 0.94–0.99, per metre) and the density of people per household room (OR 1.59, 1.31–1.92). LF-related hydrocoele was associated with age (OR 1.06, 1.03–1.09, per year) and residing in Amarapura Township (OR 8.93, 1.37–58.32). Never taking MDA was associated with male gender [OR 6.89 (2.13–22.28)] and age, particularly in females, with a significant interaction term. Overall, compared to those aged 30–44 years, the proportion never taking MDA was higher in all age groups (OR highest in those < 5 years and > 60 years, ranging from 3.37 to 12.82). Never taking MDA was also associated with residing in Amarapura township (OR 2.48, 1.15–5.31), moving to one’s current village from another (OR 2.62, 1.12–6.11) and ever having declined medication (OR 11.82, 4.25–32.91). Decreased likelihood of never taking MDA was associated with a higher proportion of household members being present during the last MDA round (OR 0.16, 0.03–0.74) and the number visits by the MDA programme (OR 0.69, 0.48–1.00). Conclusions These results contribute to the understanding of LF and MDA participation-related risk factors and will assist Myanmar to improve its elimination and morbidity management programmes.

scholarly journals Current status of Schistosoma mansoni infection among previously treated rural communities in the Abbey and Didessa Valleys, Western Ethiopia: Implications for sustainable control

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247312
Author(s):  
Alemayehu Assefa ◽  
Berhanu Erko ◽  
Svein Gunnar Gundersen ◽  
Girmay Medhin ◽  
Nega Berhe
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Mass Treatment ◽  
Western Ethiopia

Background Schistosoma constitutes a major public health problem and developmental challenges in the majority of developing and subtropical regions. The World Health Organization has set guidelines for the control and elimination of schistosomiasis. Ethiopia is providing school-based Mass Drug Administration (MDA) at the study areas of the Abbey and Didessa Valleys of western Ethiopian since 2015. Moreover, mass treatment was already done in the same villages 30 years ago. However, the current Schistosoma mansoni infection status among humans and snails in the study areas is not known. Hence, the present study aims to determine the current status. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the three communities; Chessega, Agallu Metti and Shimala in Schistosoma mansoni endemic areas of the Abbey and Didessa valleys in Western Ethiopia. Using the list of households obtained from the Kebele administration, a systematic sampling technique was used to select households in each village. Results Even though the area is under the Ethiopian national Mass Drug Administration campaign, the present study reports prevalence above 50%. Although the majority of the infections were moderate, we found that 13% had heavy infection, above 400 eggs per gram of stool, which is at the same level as before the treatment campaign 30 years ago. The infection was significantly higher among those below 12 years of age, among non-attending school-age children and daily laborers. Conclusion Schistosoma mansoni infection is still a public health problem in the study areas, despite control efforts already 30 years ago and present mass treatment in the last years. We suggest making the mass treatment campaign just early after the rainy season, when the snails are washed away. This should be supplemented with provisions of clean water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and reduction of water contact and possible snail control efforts’ to prevent reinfection.

scholarly journals Coverage and compliance of mass drug administration against lymphatic filariasis in Kalaburgi district

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 2502
Author(s):  
Mallikarjun K. Biradar ◽  
Sharankumar Holyachi
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Side Reaction ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Evaluation Survey

Background: Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is endemic in 83 countries and territories, with more than a billion people at risk of infection. Filariasis has been a major public health problem in India next only to malaria. Study was done to assess coverage and compliance of mass drug administration (MDA) against lymphatic filariasis in Kalaburgi districts.Methods: This cross-sectional coverage evaluation survey was done in one urban and three rural clusters in district.The data was compiled, tabulated and analyzed using proportions.Results: A total of 791 subjects were interviewed, male subjects constituted about 47.7%. Majority of the subjects were in the age group of 16-60 years (69.9%), while only 3.2% were in <2years. 82.9% persons have received the drugs.  Out of the 530 persons who have received the drugs, 86.9% persons have consumed the drugs. Only 59.9% of study subjects consumed tablets in front of health workers. A total of 69 subjects have not consumed tablets, 20.3% said told fear of side reaction, and 20.3% subjects said they don’t have faith in tablet. Only 11 persons suffered from vomiting and nausea.Conclusions: There is an urgent need for more effective drug delivery strategies and also proper IEC should be done to educate and to improve the coverage and compliance in the districts. 

scholarly journals Rapid Ethnographic Assessment for Potential Anti-Malarial Mass Drug Administration in an Outbreak Area of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hunter Keys ◽  
Keyla Ureña ◽  
Jhefres Reyes ◽  
Kevin Bardosh ◽  
Christopher Pell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Santo Domingo ◽  
Structured Interviews

Abstract Background: In the Dominican Republic, a recent outbreak of malaria in the capital, Santo Domingo, threatens efforts to eliminate the disease. Mass drug administration (MDA) has been proposed as one strategy to reduce transmission. The success of MDA is contingent upon high levels of acceptance among the target population. To inform the design of future MDA campaigns, this rapid ethnographic assessment examined malaria-related knowledge and attitudes toward malaria MDA among residents of a transmission focus in Santo Domingo.Methods: In October 2019, a rapid ethnographic assessment was conducted in the Los Tres Brazos transmission focus, which had not previously received MDA. National malaria program staff conducted 61 structured interviews with key informants, recorded observations, and held 72 informal conversations. Using a grounded theory approach, data were analyzed during three workshop sessions with research team members. Results: Among those who had heard of malaria in the structured interviews (n=39/61; 64%), understanding of the disease was largely based on personal experience from past outbreaks or through word-of-mouth. Community health workers (promotores) were trusted for health information and malaria diagnosis more so than professional clinicians. Neighborhood associations (juntas de vecinos) were seen as self-serving and politically corrupt. No participant (0%) was familiar with malaria MDA. After learning about MDA, almost all study participants (92%) said that they would participate, seeing it as a way to care for their community. Reasons for not participating in future MDA included not trusting drug administrators, feeling reluctant to take unprescribed medicine, and fear of missing work. Additional identified challenges to MDA included reaching specific demographic groups, disseminating effective MDA campaign messages, and managing misinformation and political influence. Conclusion: Residents appear accepting of MDA despite a lack of prior familiarity. Successful MDA will depend on several factors: fostering relationships among community-based health workers, clinicians, community leaders, and others; developing clear health messages that use local terms and spreading them through a variety of media and social networks; and contextualizing MDA as part of a broader effort to promote community health.

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