scholarly journals Bunin in the Interwar Poland. A Failed Tour

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-289
Author(s):  
Iwona Anna Ndiaye
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
The Political ◽  
National Library ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Political Relationships ◽  
Interwar Poland ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
The One ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The University

The following paper explores the reception of Ivan Bunin’s literary legacy in the interwar Poland. The question of how The Nobel Prize in Literature influenced the writer’s popularity in Poland. The main aim of this article is to analyze and characterize those circumstances, which became the reason for Bunin’s failure to visit Poland during his literary tour to the Baltic countries in 1938. Selected materials were taken from traditional card and online catalogues in the National Library of Poland and the University of Warsaw Library. They embrace the period from 1920 to 1940. The analysis, on the one hand, shows the problem of political relationships between the revived Polish state and young Soviet Russia and its role in the development of literary contacts in the interwar period. On the other hand, it allows us to draw conclusions about the political and literary dimensions of I. Bunin’s failed tour to Poland.

scholarly journals POLSKA POLITYKA HISTORYCZNA W OCENIE ZYGMUNTA WOJCIECHOWSKIEGO W OKRESIE MIĘDZYWOJENNYM

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Maciej Marszał
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
The Political ◽  
National Consciousness ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The University

Zygmunt Wojciechowski’s Assessment of the History-Based Policy in the Interwar PeriodSummary This paper will provide an analysis of the History-Based Politics in thoughts of Zygmunt Wojciechowski (1900–1955) – history profesor at the University of Poznań, co-founder of the Baltic Institute (Instytut Bałtycki) in Toruń, publicist of the “Avant-garde” and expert on PolishGerman relations. Wojciechowski in Polish political thought was a representative of the Integral Polish nationalism (polski nacjonalizm integralny), which meant synthesis of national and state’s demands. He opted for the ideological formula in order to reach an agreement between the political heritage of Roman Dmowski and the Józef Piłsudski’s political reforms. For Wojciechowski, a professor of history, an important element of national consciousness was the historical awareness that the Polish state must continuously maintain through History-Based Policy. According to him, this policy should focus on three main issues: First, the expansion on the tradition referring to the beginning of Polish statehood. Second issue would be to make Poles aware of their international situation, especially in the context of their struggle with the Germanic and Prussian element. And the third issue would be to revise and update the values of the Constitution of May 3. It should be noted that the views of Zygmunt Wojciechowski on History-Based Policy in the interwar period were a part of a political discourse. His bold and uncompromising thoughts of the Polish-German relations and the demand to return the “Lands of Piasts” (ziemie Piastów) constituted an important element of the Integral Polish nationalism. It wouldn’t be too far-fetched to say that the desire to carry-on the political will of Jan Ludwik Popławski and bring the Poles back to their “ancestral lands” (ziemie macierzyste) was present in Polish historical consciousness of the interwar period.

scholarly journals Intermarium: the Baltic and the Black seas on the Polish mental maps in the interwar period

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-96
Author(s):  
Marta Grzechnik
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
The Political ◽  
Mental Maps ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Economic Level ◽  
The One ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
European Seas

The aim of the paper is to examine and compare how the Baltic Sea on the one hand and the Black and Aegean Seas on the other were conceptualized in the Polish scholarly and political discourse in the interwar period, and how mental maps of Poland’s connection to both sea regions were constructed. Because of the direct access to Baltic Sea, the link to it was more straightforward, although it was constantly questioned by German revisionist scholarship. In the south there was no territorial connection to the seas – it was to be established on the political and economic level, for example through so-called Intermarium idea. An interesting question is also to what extent the discourses connected with the Baltic and the southern European seas fell within the same discourse of the ideology of the sea, and to what extent they were contradictory or mutually exclusive.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of methods to identify road sections with high accidents risk: a case study of E67 Estonia–Latvia–Lithuania corridor

2021 ◽  
Vol 334 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Maria Pashkevich ◽  
Anton Pashkevich
Keyword(s):  
Safety Management ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Core Network ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The One ◽  
The Baltic

E67 road is a strategically important part of a North Sea – Baltic Core Network Corridor, connecting the three Baltic States with Finland, on the one hand, and with North Eastern Poland, on the other. So-called Via Baltica corridor services more than 30 000 vehicles per day being one of the major arteries for transit and heavy good vehicles transport in the region. Annually around 8 000 road accidents with casualties occur in the three Baltic States with more than 500 fatalities a year. Relatively high road safety risk exposure requires more efficient management of infrastructure safety issues. The three Baltic States use either black spot management (BSM) or network safety management (NSM) or a combination of these two approaches to treat dangerous road sections of the network. In this article three methodologies used in the Baltic countries for dangerous road sections and spots identification were described. Quantitative analysis of dangerous sections/spots identified by the three methodologies was performed for the whole Via Baltica corridor to reveal the differences between the methods used.

Freund-Feind-Denken

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
State Theory ◽  
Carl Schmitt ◽  
Professor Emeritus ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Sphere ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
German Armed Forces ◽  
The One ◽  
The University

Carl Schmitt emphasised the crucial importance of the friend–enemy dichotomy for the political sphere. Is the connection between the concept of the enemy and politics still relevant today? Or does the political sphere need to be defined quite differently, on the one hand, and does the problem of enmity need to be dealt with beyond the political sphere, on the other? Since the publication of this book’s 1st edition, the issue of ‘enmity’ has by no means been settled, as recent terrorist attacks have shown. On the contrary, hatred of those who think differently seems to be on the increase, and they are then demonised as ‘enemies’. This development is explored in the contributions to the book’s 2nd edition. Rüdiger Voigt, professor emeritus of administrative science at the University of the German Armed Forces in Munich, is the author and editor of numerous books on state theory and state practice.

Lotman, Leibniz, and the semiospheric monad: Lost pages from the archives

Semiotica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (224) ◽  
pp. 313-336
Author(s):  
Pietro Restaneo
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Political Aspect ◽  
Contemporary Debate ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
Political Sciences ◽  
European Culture ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
Intellectual Journey

AbstractThroughout his life, Jurij Lotman lived at the crossroad between different worlds, ages, and cultures. The many authors, cultures, and ideas that shaped his thought and influenced his theories are scattered at either side of countless geographical, political, and cultural borders, beginning with the one that separates “Russian culture” from “European culture,” porous and ambiguous as any boundary.The task of reconstructing how Lotman’s ideas came to being, how they shifted their meaning as their context shifted, is more and more a crucial task not only for the historian. Many Lotmanian concepts, first and foremost that of semiosphere, are acquiring major relevance not only for semiotics itself and its branches, such as the rising political semiotics, but also for many neighboring disciplines, such as cultural studies and political sciences. Therefore, gaining a better understanding of the meaning of Lotman’s ideas could be of value also for the applied semiotician or the political analyst.The present paper is the result of research started in the Lotman Archives in Tallin, Estonia. Through an analysis of archival material, it aims at reconstructing the origins and meaning of the most political tropes of Lotman’s theories, especially what I will call his theory of the political subject. In the first part, I will argue that, in order to understand this political aspect of Lotman, it is necessary to take into consideration the intellectual debates inside which the author started his intellectual journey in 1930s–1940s Soviet Russia, and how he sought answers to those debates in the works of G. W. Leibniz.In the final part of the paper, I will try to show how this reconstruction of Lotman’s history could contribute to the contemporary debate in semiotics and other connected disciplines.

Folklore in Baltic History

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadhana Naithani
Keyword(s):  
Life Stories ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soviet Rule ◽  
Linguistic Identity ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
The People ◽  
Folklore Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
The Baltic

Folklore in Baltic History: Resistance and Resurgence is a study of how the discipline of folklore studies was treated under the totalitarian rule of the USSR in the Baltic countries of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania from 1945 to 1991 and what role the study of folklore has played since independence in 1991. It is a “dramatic history” of what happened to folklorists, folklore archives and folklore departments in the universities under the Soviet rule. On the one hand was a coercive and brutal state and on the other peoples conscious of their national, cultural and linguistic identity as comprised in their folklore. On the one hand, scholars and archivists fell in line and on the other, continued to subvert the coercion by devising ingenious ways of communicating among themselves. When freedom came in 1991 they were ready to create the record of undocumented brutality by documenting life stories and oral history. Sadhana Naithani juxtaposes the work of folklore scholars in the Baltic countries between 1945 and 1991 to the life of the people in the same period to reach an evaluation of the Baltic folkloristics. She concludes that the study of folklore has been an act of resistance and has aided in the resurgence of freedom and identity in the post-Soviet Baltic countries.

scholarly journals Socio-spatial polarisation and policy response: Perspectives for regional development in the Baltic States

2021 ◽  
pp. 096977642110235
Author(s):  
Thilo Lang ◽  
Donatas Burneika ◽  
Rivo Noorkõiv ◽  
Bianka Plüschke-Altof ◽  
Gintarė Pociūtė-Sereikienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Policy ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
The One ◽  
The Baltic

Based on a relational understanding of socio-spatial polarisation as a nested, multidimensional and multi-scalar process, the paper applies a comparative perspective on current trends of socio-spatial development in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Comparing current scholarship and data on demographic and economic processes of centralisation and peripheralisation, we also examine political debates around issues of polarisation in different scholarly national perspectives. Despite variations in national discourses, our comparative perspective conveys strong similarities between the three Baltic countries in terms of socio-economic and demographic concentration in the capital regions to the disadvantage of the rest of the country. The analysis of regional policies further points to tensions between a concern for territorial cohesion on the one hand, and an adherence to the neo-liberal logic of growth and competitiveness against the backdrop of post-socialist transition on the other hand. An overview of case studies in the three countries shows a common reliance on endogenous resources to foster local development, conforming to the neo-liberal logics of regional policy. However, these strategies remain niche models with different levels of success for the respective regions and also among the populations in the region. As a result, we argue for a stronger role of regional policy in the Baltic countries that goes beyond the capital regions by better addressing the negative consequences of uneven development.

scholarly journals About Necessity of Development a Common Method of training of Students in Natural Science to Solve Ecoogical and Environmental Problems

2017 ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
William Hogland ◽  
Vasilii Rud ◽  
Anastasia Stepanova
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Qualified Personnel ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Detailed Search ◽  
The University

The problem of worsening of ecological situation on the Earth and in the Nordic and the Baltic countries requires a detailed search to find solutions ecological and environmental problems. It is obviously that their decision may occur on various fronts: reducing greenhouse gas emissions, increasing the share of energy plants, new water treatment technologies, management of municipal solid waste, etc. However, not only technology, but also the skills of engineers, scientists and support staff underlie of each of these approaches. Therefore it’s important to make a decision in training of highly qualified personnel to develop and manage new technologies comes out on top. The Nordic and the Baltic Sea region consists of 10 states, each of which has its own system of training specialists in the field of ecology and environmental. One of the aims is not only to analyze the set of natural-scientific disciplines that are studied by the future specialists in this area and their volume, but also to create (develop) a single, brand new for the Nordic and Baltic region, the method of training, based on an analysis of existing systems. This approach can be implemented on the basis of the traditional cooperation in this area between the St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University ( SPbSPU) (Russia) and the University of Linnaeus ( Sweden), involving other universities, producing companies and the management authorities of cities of the Baltic and northern regions and the creation of an extensive network on the subject.

‘Unwilling’: The One-Word Revolution in Refugee Status, 1940–51

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-446
Author(s):  
ANDREW PAUL JANCO
Keyword(s):  
Political Conflict ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Refugee Status ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Soviet Invasion ◽  
Post War ◽  
The One ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
East West

AbstractThis article details the origins of the human right to international asylum. While previous works locate its beginnings in East–West political conflict in the 1950s, I note the importance of American opposition to the Soviet invasion of Poland and the Baltic countries in 1939–40 and its later consequences for relief work with post-war Displaced Persons from those countries. Given that Eastern European states at the UN claimed to protect people displaced from these non-recognised territories, British and American delegates were forced to create a new refugee definition that allowed DPs to reject state protections and to seek asylum as refugees.

Regional Outlook

2021 ◽  
pp. 397-400
Author(s):  
Mare Ainsaar ◽  
Ave Roots
Keyword(s):  
Unmet Need ◽  
Health Financing ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
The Political ◽  
Health Politics ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Out Of Pocket Payments ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Baltic

The regional outlook for the Baltic countries presents a comparative assessment of the historical development of the healthcare system, health politics, and selected health-related indicators for Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, each of which pursued a different path to establishing a new health system after independence in 1991. In terms of health financing, out-of-pocket payments are relatively high, especially in Latvia and Lithuania. But while, as might be expected, unmet need due to cost is quite high in Latvia, it is rather low in Lithuania. Though the political saliency of healthcare has been rather low in the Baltics, it appears to be moving up the political agenda. High health inequalities, low satisfaction with healthcare services, and access are among the problems that have persisted.

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