scholarly journals Morphology of Endothelial Cells from Different Regions of the Swine Cornea

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lídia Luzia Clerot ◽  
Paula Stieven Hünning ◽  
Marcelle Bettio ◽  
Marcela Torikachvili ◽  
Michelle Beck Petersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Corneal Endothelium ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Specular Microscopy ◽  
Microscope Slide ◽  
Large White ◽  
Alizarin Red

Background: The corneal endothelium is a monolayer of polygonal cells which constitute the last layer of the cornea. The integrity of this layer is critical to cornea transparency. The characterization of normal corneal endothelial morphology is important not only to clinical evaluation but also to selection of areas of the cornea with better quality to be employed as donor tissue. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the morphology of endothelial cells from different regions of the swine cornea after alizarin red staining using optical microscopy.Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty-four healthy eyes from 12 swine Large White breed, with 14-month-old, males or females obtained from a licensed Brazilian commercial slaughterhouse were studied. Immediately after humane slaughter, the eyes were enucleated and submitted to ophthalmic examination. Eyes with signs of diseases of the anterior segment were excluded. The cornea, with 3 mm of the sclera, was removed and placed on a glass microscope slide with the endothelial side up. Four radial incisions were made in the periphery of the cornea to better accommodate the cornea on the microscope slide. Alizarin red was diluted in isotonic solution (0.2 g/100 mL) and the pH was adjusted to 4.2 with hydrochloric acid. Three drops of alizarin red were placed on the corneal endothelium. After 90 s, the dye was removed from the cornea with balanced saline solution. The corneal endothelium was examined and photographed using an optical microscope. All evaluations were performed by the same investigator. Photomicrographs were taken of central, superior, inferior, nasal and temporal corneal areas. Parameter studied included endothelial cell morphology. For the statistical analysis, was employed the ANOVA variance test (repeated measures). Differences were considered statistically significant at P < 0.05. Normal endothelium cells were mainly hexagonal (83.7%), pentagonal (7.45%) and heptagonal (8.8%), with a minimal number of cells of other shapes present. There were no significant statistical differences in the proportion of the morphology and the different regions of the cornea (P = 0.31).Discussion: Different techniques are available for the analysis of corneal endothelium, including mainly scanning electron microscopy, specular microscopy and optical microscopy. The analysis of the morphology of corneal endothelium with an optic microscope after staining with alizarin red has been described as an effective, rapid and cost-efficient method, since this dye blends the borated cells, allowing identification. In the present study, using optical microscopy and coloration with alizarin red it was possible to explore and to obtain images of the swine endothelium of all regions of the cornea.  The analysis of the cellular morphology or the percentage of hexagonal cells are among the main parameters used to evaluate the health of the corneal endothelium. In this study, the endothelium had the predominance of the hexagonal shape in all regions studied. In swine, there are no studies evaluating the shape of the endothelial cells in the five different regions of the cornea. This study has demonstrated that the parameters evaluated in swine did not differ significantly between the various places of the cornea.

scholarly journals Morphology of endothelial cells from different regions of the cornea of dogs

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Stieven Hünning ◽  
Maria Cristina Caldart de Andrade ◽  
André Carissimi ◽  
João Pigatto
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Corneal Endothelium ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Central Cornea ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Peripheral Areas ◽  
Healthy Eyes

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphology of endothelial cells from different areas of the cornea of dogs. Twenty healthy eyes from 10 dogs, females or males, of different ages were studied. Corneal endothelium morphology of superior, inferior, central, nasal and temporal areas was assessed by 0.2% alizarin red staining using an optic microscope. One hundred endothelial cells from each corneal area were analyzed. In all areas of the cornea studied were found endothelial cells with four sides, five sides, six sides and seven sides. There was no significant difference regarding endothelial cell morphology in all corneal regions evaluated. Thus, the morphology of the central cornea area represents the entire endothelial mosaic and may be applied to peripheral areas. Therefore, analysis of the central area is sufficient to estimate the shape of endothelial cells of peripheral areas of healthy dog corneas.

scholarly journals A Rabbit Model Study to Determine the Efficacy of a Prototype Corneal Endothelium Protector during Cataract Surgery

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabel C. Y. Chew ◽  
Anita Chan ◽  
Monisha E. Nongpiur ◽  
Gary Peh ◽  
Veluchamy A. Barathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corneal Endothelium ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Cell Loss ◽  
Specular Microscopy ◽  
Endothelial Cell Loss ◽  
Surgical Time ◽  
Model Study ◽  
Significant Difference

Purpose. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of a mechanical device, the P-chute, in corneal endothelium preservation during phacoemulsification in a rabbit model. Methods. Twenty-four rabbits were randomly assigned into 2 groups. One eye of each rabbit underwent phacoemulsification that simulated the removal of a dense nucleus, with or without the P-chute. Serial slit-lamp examinations, anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) scans, and specular microscopy were performed. Three rabbits from each group were sacrificed on postoperative days (PODs) 1, 5, 7, and 14. Histological analysis of the corneas was performed. Results. There was a trend towards lesser endothelial cell loss for the P-chute group at POD1 (4.9% versus 12.5%, p=0.53), POD5 (10.4% versus 12.2%, p=0.77), and POD7 (10.5% versus 17.2%, p=0.52). There was no significant difference in the corneal thickness (p=>0.05) between the 2 groups. The insertion of the device was challenging. The use of the P-chute only added an extra 15% to the surgical time. Conclusions. There was a trend towards better endothelium preservation with the P-chute even though the results were not statistically significant. We believe that the device could be useful in certain surgical situations. Further work is needed to improve the device insertion.

scholarly journals Specular microscopic observations of the corneal endothelium in the normal rabbit

1981 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Montanaro Sailstad ◽  
R. L. Peiffer
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Corneal Endothelium ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Specular Microscopy ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Number Of Cells

Endothelial specular microscopy and pachometry were performed on both eyes of 14 young adult New Zealand white rabbits with clinically normal eyes. Endothelial cells of the central corneas formed a mosaic-like pattern of homogenous hexagonal cells with a mean diameter of 20·6 ± 1·0, μm sd. The mean number of cells per mm was 2998 ± 326 sd and the mean corneal thickness was 0·38 ± 0·02 mm sd.

scholarly journals Anterior Segment Structures in Dark Iris Chinese Patients With Unilateral Fuchs’ Uveitis Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yajing Cai ◽  
Wenjie Wu ◽  
Yingbin Wang ◽  
Suzhen Xiao ◽  
Yue Huang
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Specular Microscopy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Average Cell ◽  
Corneal Densitometry ◽  
Fuchs Uveitis Syndrome

Abstract Purpose: To compare binocular anterior segment structures in Chinese patients with dark iris and unilateral Fuchs’ uveitis syndrome (FUS).Methods: This was a cross-sectional study including 34 phakic eyes (17 patients) with unilateral FUS. Anterior segment parameters were measured by rotating Scheimpflug imaging camera, noncontact specular microscopy and anterior segment optical coherence tomography.Results: Corneal volume was higher in FUS eyes compared to unaffected eyes (p<0.05). The iridocorneal angles were larger in FUS eyes compared to contralateral eyes (p<0.05). Mean endothelial cell density (ECD) was lower, and the coefficient of variation in endothelial cell size (CV) and average cell area of endothelial cells (ACA) were higher, in FUS eyes (p<0.05). Mean densitometry values of the midstromal cornea (zones with a diameter of 0-2, 2-6, or 10-12 mm), posterior (0-2, 2-6, 10-12, or 0-12 mm), or total thickness (0-2 or 2-6 mm) were higher in FUS eyes compared with unaffected eyes (p<0.05). ECD, CV, and ACA were negatively related to densitometry values of the midstromal and posterior cornea in the FUS eyes (p<0.05). Smoothness index of iris was lager in affected eyes (p<0.05).Conclusion: In Chinese patients with unilateral FUS, loss of endothelial cells, wider iridocorneal angle, thicker cornea, higher corneal densitometry of midstromal and posterior layer, and smoother iris were observed in affected eyes compared to contralateral eyes. These data can help to elucidate anterior segment characteristics of unilateral FUS in this population.

scholarly journals Morphological analysis of the corneal endothelium in eyes of dogs using specular microscopy

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 427-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
João A.T. Pigatto ◽  
Cristine Cerva ◽  
Cesar D. Freire ◽  
Fernando C. Abib ◽  
Luciano P. Bellini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Corneal Endothelium ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Specular Microscopy ◽  
Human Cornea ◽  
Corneal Endothelial Cells ◽  
Peripheral Cornea ◽  
Specular Microscope ◽  
Healthy Eyes ◽  
Number Of Cells

Both healthy eyes of 10 six-year-old male and female mongrel dogs were studied. With a contact specular microscope the corneal endothelium was examined. Endothelial cells were analyzed in the central and peripheral cornea. Morphological analysis with regard to polymegathism and pleomorphism was performed. Three images of each region with at least 100 cells were obtained. The analysis showed that polygonal cells formed a mosaic-like pattern uniform in size and shape. The predominant number of cells was hexagonal. The polymegathism index was 0.22. The study demonstrates that the morphology of the normal corneal endothelial cells of dogs is similar to that found in the human cornea.

Sub-100nm Axial Resolution in 3D Widefield Optical Microscopy Using Two Opposing Objective Lenses

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
pp. 801-802
Author(s):  
Mats G.L. Gustafsson ◽  
David A. Agard ◽  
John W. Sedat
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Numerical Aperture ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
The Other ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Back Side ◽  
Angular Range ◽  
Axial Resolution ◽  
Lens Development ◽  
Microscope Slide

It has been understood since the days of Ernst Abbe that an optical microscope can reach higher resolution the wider the set of angles from which it can observe the specimen — this angular range, of course, is what is indicated by the Numerical Aperture (NA) of the objective lens. Over more than a century of objective lens development, this light collecting angle has been increased closer and closer to the full 180° angle available above a microscope slide. There is, however, a second, equally large and easily accessible set of observation angles available on the other side of the specimen slide, and a standard microscope makes no use whatsoever of light emitted in these directions. One might then ask whether there is not a substantial resolution advantage to be had by devising a microscope that does make use of this "back side" light. The answer, in fact, is yes.

scholarly journals Morphology of endothelial cells from different regions of the equine cornea

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 2223-2228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia Skilhan Faganello ◽  
Vanessa Ruiz Moura da Silva ◽  
Maria Cristina Caldart de Andrade ◽  
André Silva Carissimi ◽  
João Antonio Tadeu Pigatto
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Corneal Endothelial Cells ◽  
Statistical Data Analysis ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphology of different regions of the equine cornea using optical microscopy. Both healthy eyes of eight horses, male or female, of different ages were evaluated. Corneas were stained with alizarin red vital dye and subsequently examined and photographed using optical microscopy. Corneal endothelial morphology of central, superior, inferior, temporal and nasal areas was assessed. One hundred endothelial cells from each corneal area were analyzed. The shape of the corneal endothelial cells of each corneal region was analyzed. Statistical data analysis was conducted using the Student's t test. Values of P<0.01 were considered significant. Regarding morphological analysis, no statistically significant differences were reported between the equine corneal regions analyzed. The present research suggested that there are no morphological differences between regions of the equine cornea. The values obtained in any region of the equine cornea can be extrapolated to other regions of the cornea and are representative of the cell morphology present in all regions of the cornea.

scholarly journals Evaluation of equine corneal endothelium after exposure to 0.5% indocyanine green - in vitro study

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 613
Author(s):  
Vanessa Ruiz Moura da Silva ◽  
Maria Cristina Caldart de Andrade ◽  
Claudia Skilhan Faganello ◽  
Marcela Torikachvili ◽  
Andre Silva Carissimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Indocyanine Green ◽  
Corneal Endothelium ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alizarin Red

The purpose of the study was to investigate whether indocyanine green (ICG) dye damages the corneal endothelium of horses. Twenty-four corneas of 12 healthy equines, males or females, of different ages were used in this study. Only eyes with no ocular findings were used. Randomly, one eye was included in the treatment group and one in the control group. The eyes of the treatment group were exposed for 1 minute to dye ICG 0.5%. After that the endothelium of all eyes was stained with trypan blue and alizarin red S and analyzed and photographed under an optical microscope. Areas with damaged endothelial cells were manually measured and quantified using software for morphometric analysis and expressed as a percentage of cell damage. In all eyes examined areas of cell damage were observed in both corneas of the control group and the treatment group. The mean endothelial damage was 0.8 ± 0.37% in the treatment group and 0.97 ± 0.39% in the control. The Qui-square test stated that treatment and control group were not different. The ICG 0.5% did not cause acute damage to equine corneal endothelium.

scholarly journals Continuous acellular material accumulation in the anterior chamber associated with corneal endothelial changes

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. e237417
Author(s):  
Jun Shimazaki ◽  
Seika Den ◽  
Yoshiyuki Satake ◽  
Kazunari Higa
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Corneal Endothelium ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Specular Microscopy ◽  
Normal Light ◽  
Cellular Components

This case series included two healthy adults who showed continuous production of acellular materials in the anterior chamber without inflammation. The materials were membrane-like in case 1 and amorphous in case 2; they gradually changed shape and location over several years. During follow-up, there were no changes in vision, the iris or the chamber angle. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography confirmed the attachment of the membrane to the corneal endothelium. Specular microscopy showed normal endothelial counting with reversal of the normal light/dark patterns that occasionally returned to normal appearances. Although acellular materials were observed unilaterally in both cases, abnormal endothelial images were noted in both eyes of case 1. Histopathological examinations demonstrated the absence of cellular components with negative immunostaining for collagen IV, vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin. Serial ophthalmic examinations and histopathological findings suggest that the production of acellular material was associated with alterations of the corneal endothelium.

Evaluation of corneal endothelium using specular microscopy in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110065
Author(s):  
Murat Serkan Songur ◽  
Yavuz Selim İntepe ◽  
Seray Aslan Bayhan ◽  
Hasan Ali Bayhan ◽  
Ender Şahin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Corneal Endothelium ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Specular Microscopy ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Apnea Syndrome

Purpose: In the present study we evaluate the corneal endothelium using specular microscopy in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Methods: The study included a total of 100 patients including 35 patients with mild OSAS, 34 patients with moderate OSAS and 31 patients with severe OSAS, and the right eyes of 30 patients as a control group. Patients were examined to exclude the possibility of ocular diseases. Cellular density in the cornea epithelium (cell/mm2), corneal thickness (µ), percentage of hexagonal cells (%) and the coefficient of variation were evaluated using a specular microscope. Results: Corneal thickness was significantly decreased in all OSAS groups when compared to the control group ( p = 0.002), while no significant difference was identified among the OSAS groups. The corneal endothelial cell density, percentage of hexagonal cells and coefficient of variation were significantly different between the OSAS groups and the control group ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: More significant impairments were noted in the corneal endothelium of the patients in the OSAS group than in the control group, and specular microscopy is in valuable in the follow-up and treatment of such patients.

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