scholarly journals Producción de astaxantina bajo factores de estrés utilizando un biorreactor a escala de laboratorio de 5 L

Nova ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (37) ◽  
pp. 99-119
Author(s):  
Ana Graciela Lancheros-Díaz ◽  
Judith Elena Camacho-Kurmen ◽  
Luis Eduardo Díaz Barrera
Keyword(s):  
Haematococcus Pluvialis

Introducción. Haematococcus pluvialis es una microalga que produce astaxantina, un betacaroteno y antioxidante muy usado en la industria. Para obtener una mayor producción de astaxantina se planteó como Objetivo utilizar diferentes factores de estrés, en un biorreactor a escala de laboratorio de 5 litros. Metodología. Se cultivó la microalga en el medio RM, pH 6,8, temperatura 20±2ºC, aire filtrado, iluminación con lámparas blancas  20h luz/4h oscuridad, irradianza 70 μE m−2s−1, diferentes concentraciones de acetato de sodio y cloruro de sodio. Se determinó crecimiento celular, cambios morfológicos y cuantificación de astaxantina y clorofila por  espectrofotometría. Se realizó un análisis estadístico utilizando ANOVA (95%). Resultados. Utilizando 0,299 mg/L de acetato de sodio se obtuvo un crecimiento celular de 2,0 x 104 Cel/mL y una concentración de astaxantina de 2,530 µg/mL, mientras que con 1,6 mg/L de acetato de sodio  el crecimiento celular  fue de 3,5 x 104 Cel/mL  y una concentración de astaxantina de 1,9 µg/ml. El tratamiento al cual se le adicionó 1,6 g/L de acetato de sodio y 6,4 g/L de cloruro de sodio presentó la mayor producción astaxantina 7,3 µg/ml. El tratamiento con acetato de sodio 0,320 g/L + cloruro de sodio 1,28 g/L presentó el mayor crecimiento celular con 1,64x105 células/ml. Conclusión. Esta investigación destaca la importancia de cultivar inicialmente la microalga utilizando el biorreactor Tecferm de 5 litros y después de su fase exponencial someterla a  factores de estrés con acetato de sodio y cloruro de sodio lográndose así  la mayor producción de astaxantina 7,325 µg/ml.

scholarly journals NaCl Promotes the Efficient Formation of Haematococcus pluvialis Nonmotile Cells under Phosphorus Deficiency

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
Feng Li ◽  
Ning Zhang ◽  
Yulei Zhang ◽  
Qingsheng Lian ◽  
Caiying Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Cell Factory ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Motile Cells ◽  
Application Prospects

Natural astaxanthin helps reduce the negative effects caused by oxidative stress and other related factors, thereby minimizing oxidative damage. Therefore, it has considerable potential and broad application prospects in human health and animal nutrition. Haematococcus pluvialis is considered to be the most promising cell factory for the production of natural astaxanthin. Previous studies have confirmed that nonmotile cells of H. pluvialis are more tolerant to high intensity of light than motile cells. Cultivating nonmotile cells as the dominant cell type in the red stage can significantly increase the overall astaxanthin productivity. However, we know very little about how to induce nonmotile cell formation. In this work, we first investigated the effect of phosphorus deficiency on the formation of nonmotile cells of H. pluvialis, and then investigated the effect of NaCl on the formation of nonmotile cells under the conditions of phosphorus deficiency. The results showed that, after three days of treatment with 0.1% NaCl under phosphorus deficiency, more than 80% of motile cells had been transformed into nonmotile cells. The work provides the most efficient method for the cultivation of H. pluvialis nonmotile cells so far, and it significantly improves the production of H. pluvialis astaxanthin.

scholarly journals Growth of Haematococcus pluvialis on a Small-Scale Angled Porous Substrate Photobioreactor for Green Stage Biomass

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1788
Author(s):  
Thanh-Tri Do ◽  
Binh-Nguyen Ong ◽  
Tuan-Loc Le ◽  
Thanh-Cong Nguyen ◽  
Bich-Huy Tran-Thi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Porous Substrate ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Green Algal ◽  
Green Stage

In the production of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis, the process of growing algal biomass in the vegetative green stage is an indispensable step in both suspended and immobilized cultivations. The green algal biomass is usually cultured in a suspension under a low light intensity. However, for astaxanthin accumulation, the microalgae need to be centrifuged and transferred to a new medium or culture system, a significant difficulty when upscaling astaxanthin production. In this research, a small-scale angled twin-layer porous substrate photobioreactor (TL-PSBR) was used to cultivate green stage biomass of H. pluvialis. Under low light intensities of 20–80 µmol photons m−2·s−1, algae in the biofilm consisted exclusively of non-motile vegetative cells (green palmella cells) after ten days of culturing. The optimal initial biomass density was 6.5 g·m−2, and the dry biomass productivity at a light intensity of 80 µmol photons m−2·s−1 was 6.5 g·m−2·d−1. The green stage biomass of H. pluvialis created in this small-scale angled TL-PSBR can be easily harvested and directly used as the source of material for the inoculation of a pilot-scale TL-PSBR for the production of astaxanthin.

scholarly journals Xanthophylls from the Sea: Algae as Source of Bioactive Carotenoids

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Antia G. Pereira ◽  
Paz Otero ◽  
Javier Echave ◽  
Anxo Carreira-Casais ◽  
Franklin Chamorro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Laminaria Japonica ◽  
Chlorella Zofingiensis ◽  
Brown Seaweeds ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Large Groups

Algae are considered pigment-producing organisms. The function of these compounds in algae is to carry out photosynthesis. They have a great variety of pigments, which can be classified into three large groups: chlorophylls, carotenoids, and phycobilins. Within the carotenoids are xanthophylls. Xanthophylls (fucoxanthin, astaxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, and β-cryptoxanthin) are a type of carotenoids with anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities, due to their chemical structure rich in double bonds that provides them with antioxidant properties. In this context, xanthophylls can protect other molecules from oxidative stress by turning off singlet oxygen damage through various mechanisms. Based on clinical studies, this review shows the available information concerning the bioactivity and biological effects of the main xanthophylls present in algae. In addition, the algae with the highest production rate of the different compounds of interest were studied. It was observed that fucoxanthin is obtained mainly from the brown seaweeds Laminaria japonica, Undaria pinnatifida, Hizikia fusiformis, Sargassum spp., and Fucus spp. The main sources of astaxanthin are the microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis, Chlorella zofingiensis, and Chlorococcum sp. Lutein and zeaxanthin are mainly found in algal species such as Scenedesmus spp., Chlorella spp., Rhodophyta spp., or Spirulina spp. However, the extraction and purification processes of xanthophylls from algae need to be standardized to facilitate their commercialization. Finally, we assessed factors that determine the bioavailability and bioaccesibility of these molecules. We also suggested techniques that increase xanthophyll’s bioavailability.

scholarly journals Variability in Macro- and Micronutrients of 15 Commercially Available Microalgae Powders

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Fabian Sandgruber ◽  
Annekathrin Gielsdorf ◽  
Anja C. Baur ◽  
Benjamin Schenz ◽  
Sandra Marie Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dunaliella Salina ◽  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chlorella Pyrenoidosa ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Arthrospira Platensis ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Tetraselmis Chuii

The nutrient composition of 15 commercially available microalgae powders of Arthrospira platensis, Chlorella pyrenoidosa and vulgaris, Dunaliella salina, Haematococcus pluvialis, Tetraselmis chuii, and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae was analyzed. The Dunaliella salina powders were characterized by a high content of carbohydrates, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), omega-6-polyunsaturated fatty acids (n6-PUFAs), heavy metals, and α-tocopherol, whereas the protein amounts, essential amino acids (EAAs), omega-3-PUFAs (n3-PUFAs), vitamins, and minerals were low. In the powder of Haematococcus pluvialis, ten times higher amounts of carotenoids compared to all other analyzed powders were determined, yet it was low in vitamins D and E, protein, and EAAs, and the n6/n3-PUFAs ratio was comparably high. Vitamin B12, quantified as cobalamin, was below 0.02 mg/100 g dry weight (d.w.) in all studied powders. Based on our analysis, microalgae such as Aphanizomenon and Chlorella may contribute to an adequate intake of critical nutrients such as protein with a high content of EAAs, dietary fibers, n3-PUFAs, Ca, Fe, Mg, and Zn, as well as vitamin D and E. Yet, the nutritional value of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae was slightly decreased by high contents of SFAs. The present data show that microalgae are rich in valuable nutrients, but the macro- and micronutrient profiles differ strongly between and within species.

High efficiency production of astaxanthin by autotrophic cultivation of Haematococcus pluvialis in a bubble column photobioreactor

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Ranjbar ◽  
Ryota Inoue ◽  
Hironori Shiraishi ◽  
Tomohisa Katsuda ◽  
Shigeo Katoh
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Bubble Column ◽  
Bubble Column Photobioreactor

scholarly journals Assessing the Potential of Algae Extracts for Extending the Shelf Life of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fillets

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 910
Author(s):  
María I. Sáez ◽  
María D. Suárez ◽  
Francisco J. Alarcón ◽  
Tomás F. Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Color Parameters ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content

This study evaluates the potential of different algae extracts (Crassiphycus corneus, Cc; Ulva ohnoi, Uo; Arthrospira platensis, Ap; Haematococcus pluvialis, Hp) as additives for the preservation of rainbow trout fillets. The extracts were prepared with different water to ethanol ratios from the four algae species. The highest ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) was observed in Uo extracted in 80% ethanol. Ap aqueous extract also had considerable FRAP activity, in agreement with a high total phenolic content. Radical scavenging activity (DPPH) was higher in Cc 80% ethanol extract, in agreement with a high total carotenoid content. In fact, when the algae aqueous extracts were assayed on the fish fillets, their antioxidant activity exceeded that of ascorbic acid (ASC). All algae extracts delayed microbial growth and lipid oxidation processes in trout fillets throughout the cold storage period compared to controls, and also improved textural parameters, these effects being more evident for Ap and Hp. With respect to the color parameters, the Hp extract prevented the a* values (redness) from decreasing throughout cold storage, a key point when it comes to colored species, not least salmonids. On the other hand, the Ap extract was not as effective as the rest of treatments in avoiding a* and b* decrease throughout the storage period, and thereby the color parameters were impaired. The results obtained, together with the natural origin and the viability for large-scale cultivation, make algae extracts interesting fish preservative agents for the food industry.

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