Smoking is associated with constant cough which is resistant to oseltamivir therapy for suspected COVID-19

Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among men in most countries, and is the primary cause of cancer death in men and women. Its epidemic increase in incidence began in the first half of the twentieth century, paralleling the uptake of cigarette smoking that occurred 20 years before. A series of landmark studies beginning in 1950 established tobacco as the primary cause of lung cancer. Current smokers have a 10- to 20-fold higher lung cancer risk compared to never smokers. Important for prevention, former smokers substantially reduce this excess risk 5 years after smoking cessation. Exposure to secondhand smoke, a well-established risk factor for lung cancer, has a 20%–25% higher risk for those exposed. There are several occupational exposures associated with lung cancer, including asbestos. Despite the success in defining lung cancer’s etiology, this highly preventable disease remains among the most common and most lethal cancers globally.

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Social Influences, Social Norms, Social Support, and Smoking Behavior among Adolescent Workers

American Journal of Health Promotion ◽

10.4278/0890-1171-15.6.414 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 414-421 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Pebbles Fagan ◽

Marla Eisenberg ◽

Anne M. Stoddard ◽

Lindsay Frazier ◽

Glorian Sorensen

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Social Norms ◽

Social Influences ◽

Self Report ◽

Grocery Stores ◽

Retail Sector ◽

Friendship Networks ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Never Smokers

Purpose. To examine the relationships between worksite interpersonal influences and smoking and quitting behavior among adolescent workers. Design. The cross-sectional survey assessed factors influencing tobacco use behavior. Setting. During the fall of 1998, data were collected from 10 grocery stores in Massachusetts that were owned and managed by the same company. Subjects. Eligible participants included 474 working adolescents ages 15 to 18. Eighty-three percent of workers (n = 379) completed the survey. Measures. The self-report questionnaire assessed social influences, social norms, social support, friendship networks, stage of smoking and quitting behavior, employment patterns, and demographic factors. Results. Thirty-five percent of respondents were never smokers, 21% experimental, 5% occasional, 18% regular, and 23% former smokers. Using analysis of variance (ANOVA), results indicate that regular smokers were 30% more likely than experimental or occasional smokers to report coworker encouragement to quit (p = .0002). Compared with regular smokers, never smokers were 15% more likely to report greater nonacceptability of smoking (p = .01). χ2 tests of association revealed no differences in friendship networks by stage of smoking. Conclusions. These data provide evidence for the need to further explore social factors inside and outside the work environment that influence smoking and quitting behavior among working teens. Interpretations of the data are limited because of cross-sectional and self-report data collection methods used in one segment of the retail sector.

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Real World Characterization of Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Never Smokers by Actionable Mutation Status

Clinical Lung Cancer ◽

10.1016/j.cllc.2021.01.013 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kathleen Kerrigan ◽

Xuechen Wang ◽

Benjamin Haaland ◽

Blythe Adamson ◽

Shiven Patel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Real World ◽

Small Cell ◽

Small Cell Lung ◽

Mutation Status ◽

Never Smokers

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Associations between smoking and blood-group, and the risk of dyslipidaemia amongst French women

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94239-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

C. J. MacDonald ◽

A. L. Madika ◽

G. Severi ◽

A. Fournier ◽

M. C. Boutron-Ruault

Keyword(s):

Blood Group ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Effect Modification ◽

Blood Groups ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Cardio Vascular Disease ◽

Never Smokers ◽

Cardio Vascular ◽

Incident Cases

AbstractDyslipidaemia is a major risk factor for cardio-vascular disease, as it promotes atherosclerosis. While cross-sectional studies have identified higher serum cholesterol amongst individuals with the A blood group, there is less evidence from prospective studies whether this translates into a higher risk of dyslipidaemia that requires treatment, nor if this genetic factor interacts with smoking status. This study aimed to prospectively determine potential associations between smoking, ABO blood groups, and risk of incident dyslipidaemia requiring treatment, and to assess associations over strata of blood ABO group. We assessed associations between blood ABO group, smoking and dyslipidaemia in 74,206 women participating in the E3N cohort. We included women who did not have cardiovascular disease at baseline. Logistic regression was used to determine associations between ABO group, smoking and prevalent dyslipidaemia at baseline. Cox proportional hazard models were then used to determine if blood ABO group and smoking were associated with the risk of incident dyslipidaemia, amongst women free of dyslipidaemia at baseline. At baseline 28,281 women with prevalent dyslipidaemia were identified. Compared to the O-blood group, the non-O blood group was associated higher odds of with prevalent dyslipidaemia (ORnon-O = 1.09 [1.06: 1.13]). Amongst the women free of dyslipidaemia at baseline, 6041 incident cases of treated dyslipidaemia were identified during 454,951 person-years of follow-up. The non-O blood groups were associated with an increased risk of dyslipidaemia when compared to the O-group (HRnon-O = 1.16 [1.11: 1.22]), specifically the A blood-group (HRA = 1.18 [1.12: 1.25]). Current smokers were associated with an increased risk of incident dyslipidaemia (HR smokers = 1.27 [1.16: 1.37]), compared to never-smokers. No evidence for effect modification between smoking and ABO blood group was observed (p-effect modification = 0.45), although the highest risk was observed among AB blood group women who smoked (HR = 1.76 [1.22: 2.55]). In conclusion, the non-O blood groups, specifically the A group were associated with an increased risk of dyslipidaemia. Current smokers were associated with a 30% increased risk of dyslipidaemia. These results could aid in personalised approaches to the prevention of cardiovascular risk-factors.

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Smoking and nasopharyngeal cancer: individual data meta-analysis of six prospective studies on 334 935 men

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyab060 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jia Huang Lin ◽

Chi Pang Wen ◽

Chao Qiang Jiang ◽

Jian-Min Yuan ◽

Chien Jen Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Meta Analysis ◽

Nasopharyngeal Cancer ◽

Population Based ◽

Individual Participant Data ◽

Tobacco Control Policies ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Smoking Exposure ◽

Drinking Status ◽

Individual Participant ◽

Never Smokers

Abstract Background The role of smoking in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains uncertain, especially in endemic regions. We conducted an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies to investigate the associations between smoking exposure and risk of NPC. Methods We obtained individual participant data of 334 935 male participants from six eligible population-based cohorts in NPC-endemic regions, including two each in Guangzhou and Taiwan, and one each in Hong Kong and Singapore. We used one- and two-stage approaches IPD meta-analysis and Cox proportional hazard models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of NPC for smoking exposure adjusting for age and drinking status. Results During 2 961 315 person-years of follow-up, 399 NPC evens were ascertained. Risks of NPC were higher in ever versus never smokers (HRone-stage = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.07-1.63, P = 0.0088; HRtwo-stage = 1.27, 1.01-1.60, 0.04). These positive associations appeared to be stronger in ever smokers who consumed 16+ cigarettes/day (HRone-stage = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.29-2.16, P = 0.0001), and in those who started smoking at age younger than 16 (2.16, 1.33-3.50, 0.0103), with dose-response relationships (P-values for trend = 0.0028 and 0.0103, respectively). Quitting (versus daily smoking) showed a small reduced risk (stopped for 5+ years: HRone-stage = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.60-1.39, P = 0.66; for former smokers: HRtwo-stage = 0.84, 0.61-1.14, 0.26). Conclusions This first IPD meta-analysis from six prospective cohorts in endemic regions has provided robust observational evidence that smoking increased NPC risk in men. NPC should be added to the 12–16 cancer sites known to be tobacco-related cancers. Strong tobacco control policies, preventing young individuals from smoking, would reduce NPC risk in endemic regions.

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