scholarly journals Invertebrates and microbiota associated with aquatic macrophyte degradation in a shallow lake in southern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Edelti Faria Albertoni ◽  
Andréa Luiza De Mattos De Moraes ◽  
Pablo Santos Guimarães ◽  
Cleber Palma-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Trophic Group ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Stuckenia Pectinata ◽  
Group Density ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Submerged Aquatic Macrophytes

Aquatic macrophytes are the main producers of organic matter in shallow aquatic ecosystems. They are also food sources for many herbivores. When macrophytes die, they enter the debris chain, are conditioned by microbial action and colonized by benthic invertebrates which remobilize nutrients from their biomass. In subtropical aquatic systems, the participation of shredder invertebrates has been questioned, highlighting the participation of fungi and bacteria in the degradation of organic matter. This study evaluated the degradation of two submerged aquatic macrophytes, Mayaca fluviatilis and Stuckenia pectinata, determining the quality of debris and microbiota and invertebrate trophic group density throughout the degradation process. Our results indicated that plants with lower polyphenol concentrations had higher degradation speeds. The shredders invertebrates had reduced abundance in both macrophytes, emphasizing the importance of bacteria and fungi in the nutrient cycling process in subtropical shallow lakes.

scholarly journals The Communities of the Nematodes, Bacteria, and Fungi and the Soil’s Organic Matter in an Agroforestry Ecosystem in Croatia

Poljoprivreda ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
Josipa Puškarić ◽  
◽  
Jurica Jović ◽  
Vladimir Ivezić ◽  
Brigita Popović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Trophic Group ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Fungal Abundance ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Nematode Abundance ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Positive Effect

An above‐ground plant diversity affects a below-ground biodiversity. A soil fauna diversity is important for the ecosystems’ sustainability. It reflects both the abiotic conditions and the soil’s biotic activity. This study’s objective was to assess the effect of an agroforestry system on the nematode abundance and trophic group distribution and on the bacterial and fungal abundance in the soil, as well as to analyze the links between a nematode abundance, trophic group patterns, soil’s microbiological status and the organic matter. A field experiment was conducted during two years in three treatments and three sampling periods. The treatments were as follows: an agricultural crop (C), a permanent walnut plantation (W), and a permanent walnut plantation with an agricultural crop (C + W). The nematodes were extracted, counted, processed and mounted on slides and ultimately determined and assigned to the trophic groups. The bacteria and fungi were extracted from the soil, grown on the plates, and counted. Our findings suggest that the studied agroforestry system (C+W) has exerted a positive effect on the soil nematodes, bacteria, and fungi, manifested as the statistically highest abundance of bacteria and fungi, but also as the highest abundance of nematodes and of a diversity of the nematode genera. The highest content of the organic matter was detected in the treatment C + W in the first sampling and in the treatments C + W and W in the second sampling. We have concluded that the combination of an agricultural crop and a permanent plantation has a great potential for better ecosystem stability and sustainability regardless of some deviations in our results. We believe that further research is necessary because the different agroforestry ecosystems may have different impacts on the soil fauna.

scholarly journals Trophic structure of a floodplain fish assemblage in the upper Amazon basin, Bolivia.

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 1258
Author(s):  
Danny César Rejas Alurralde
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Trophic Structure ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Trophic Position ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Trophic Group ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Oxbow Lakes ◽  
Terrestrial Plants

Amazonian fish assemblages are typically high in species diversity and trophic complexity. Stable isotopes are valuable tools to describe the trophic structure of such assemblages, providing useful information for conservation and ecological management. This study aimed at estimating the relative contribution of the different basal carbon sources to the diet of primary consumer fishes (herbivores and detritivores), and determining the trophic position (TP) of the dominant fishes from each trophic guild (herbivores, detritivores, invertivores and piscivores). For this purpose we analyzed stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) in potential food sources, and muscle tissue of fishes in five oxbow lakes located in the floodplain of River Ichilo, Bolivia. Terrestrial plants and C3 aquatic macrophytes were the major carbon source contributing to the diet of herbivorous fishes, whereas particulate organic matter (POM) contributed more to the diet of detritivore fishes. In general, C4 aquatic macrophytes contributed little to the diet of herbivores and detritivores. However, we found a relatively high contribution of C4 macrophytes (28 %) to the diet of the herbivores Mylossoma duriventre and Schizodon fasciatus. We found a good agreement between our estimated TP values and the trophic group assigned based on diet composition from literature. The herbivore M. duriventre was at the bottom of the food web, being the baseline organism (TP = 2). The remaining primary consumers (herbivores and algivore/detritivores) exhibited relatively high TP values (2.3 - 2.9), probably due to their opportunistic feeding behavior. Omnivore/invertivore species studied displayed TP values near the 3.0 value expected for secondary consumers. Piscivore fishes were at the top TP, with TP values varying from 3.3 (Serrasalmus spilopleura and Serrasalmus rhombeus) to 3.8 (Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum). The fact that detritivore fishes, the most abundant food source for piscivores, occupy relatively high TPs determines that food chains in these particular Amazonian floodplains are longer than previously thought.

Distribution of rotifers and other meiofauna in the bryophytes and hyporheic zone of a karst hydrosystem – an example of a nested community

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tvrtko Dražina ◽  
Maria Špoljar ◽  
Biserka Primc ◽  
Ivan Habdija
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Trophic Group ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Rotifer Community ◽  
Influence Of Food ◽  
Potential Food ◽  
Plitvice Lakes

The meiofauna assemblages inhabiting the bryophyte-covered tufa barriers were investigated in the barrage system of Plitvice Lakes (Croatia). The main aims of the present study were: (1) to analyse the structure of the rotifer community and other meiofaunal communities in the bryophytes and the hyporheic tufa zone; and (2) to determine the influence of food sources on the meiofauna. Our results indicate that meiofauna were a constant and abundant component in bryophytes and tufa. Of the nine identified groups (Catenulida, Gastrotricha, Nematoda, Rotifera, Hydrachnidia, Oligochaeta, Copepoda, Tardigrada and Chironomidae (Diptera)), rotifers (50%) and nematodes (40%) were most abundant. Rotifers were the most diverse meiofaunal group and reached their highest numbers within the bryophytes. Also, the highest amount of ultrafine particulate organic matter, as a potential food source for rotifers, was recorded in this layer. Nematodes were the dominant meiofaunal group in deeper tufa layers. They are an omnivorous trophic group and different food sources (such as phytal remains or other meiofauna) were available in tufa layers. Meiofaunal assemblages were significantly nested and their composition was under the influence of community established in surface bryophyte mats. Information on these often overlooked faunal groups is essential for estimates of overall abundance, species richness and productivity in freshwater ecosystems.

scholarly journals TREATMENT OF DAIRY EFFLUENTS IN WETLANDS SYSTEMS WITH FLOATING AQUATIC MACROPHYTES

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Miola De Castro ◽  
Daniel Schwantes ◽  
Affonso Celso Gonçalves Junior ◽  
Alfredo Richart ◽  
Thaísa Gabriela Veiga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Dairy Plant ◽  
Dairy Effluents

The aim of this study was to evaluate the Eichhornia crassipes and Salvinia auriculata efficiency as bioremediation alternatives for wastewater from a dairy company in Toledo, Paraná. The experiment was performed between June and August of 2014, for 36 days in the greenhouse at PUCPR campus Toledo. It was used 750 liters of effluent from a dairy plant in Toledo-PR, arranged in three polyethylene reactors, operating intermittently (batch). The repetitions were performed according to the hydraulic retention time (HRT), every 4 days. It was evaluated 7 physicochemical parameters of the effluent (temperature, pH, turbidity, total solids, COD, total nitrogen and total phosphorus). The results obtained during the experiment were satisfactory, it was observed the maximum efficiency of turbidity, total nitrogen, and COD of 94.4%, 90.26% and 82%, respectively, with E. crassipes and 91.7%, 75.65% and 82% respectively for S. auriculata. However, from the period between the day 16 and the day 20 of the experiment, it was observed increases in the level of the parameters because some plants got into the senescent process, returning to the environment half of all that were absorbed. This result suggests the necessity of removal plants in senescence, so the system can work properly. The aquatic macrophyte E. crassipes was better biorremediator for dairy effluents than S. auriculata, however, both of them can be widely used in the treatment of wastewater with high levels of organic matter and nutrients.

scholarly journals FOOD PREFERENCE AND CONSUMPTION OF AQUATIC MACROPHYTES SUBMERGED BY SNAIL Pomacea canaliculata

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. CRUZ ◽  
A. F. SILVA ◽  
F. P. VENTURINI ◽  
N. GARLICH ◽  
R. L. C. M. PITELLI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Food Preference ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Hydrilla Verticillata ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Pomacea Canaliculata ◽  
Submerged Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Plastic Containers ◽  
Potential Food

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to evaluate the consumption potential, food preference and use of snail Pomacea canaliculata as a biocontrol agent of four submerged aquatic macrophytes (Ceratophyllumdemersum, Egeriadensa, Egerianajas and Hydrilla verticillata). Two experiments were performed. In the first experiment, the introduction of a snail took place and 10 grams of each macrophyte in plastic containers with 1 liter of water. The assessments of consumption by the snail were performed at each 48 hours, during 12 days. The second experiment was performed in 600 liters microcosms containing five snails in each experimental unit. Fifty grams of each macrophyte were offered the snails at the same time, adding the same amounts after seven, 14, 21 and 30 days. On both trials, the most consumed macrophyte by the P.canaliculata was H.verticillata (7.64 ± 1.0 g 48 h and 50 ± 0.18 g) respectively, significantly differing from the others. However, in the absence of H.verticilata, E.najas and E.densa were consumed. The preference of P.canaliculata for H.verticillata is very interesting, because this plant is exotic and problematic in Brazil, and the snail is one more tool for biological management of submerged aquatic macrophyte H.verticillata.

Macrophyte-derived detritus in shallow coastal waters contributes to suspended particulate organic matter and increases growth rates of Mytilus edulis

2020 ◽  
Vol 644 ◽  
pp. 91-103
Author(s):  
D Bearham ◽  
MA Vanderklift ◽  
RA Downie ◽  
DP Thomson ◽  
LA Clementson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Gill Tissue ◽  
Suspension Feeder ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Suspension Feeders ◽  
Blue Mussels ◽  
Suspended Particulate

Benthic suspension feeders, such as bivalves, potentially have several different food sources, including plankton and resuspended detritus of benthic origin. We hypothesised that suspension feeders are likely to feed on detritus if it is present. This inference would be further strengthened if there was a correlation between δ13C of suspension feeder tissue and δ13C of particulate organic matter (POM). Since detritus is characterised by high particulate organic matter (POC):chl a ratios, we would also predict a positive correlation between POM δ13C and POC:chl a. We hypothesised that increasing depth and greater distance from shore would produce a greater nutritional reliance by experimentally transplanted blue mussels Mytilus edulis on plankton rather than macrophyte-derived detritus. After deployments of 3 mo duration in 2 different years at depths from 3 to 40 m, M. edulis sizes were positively correlated with POM concentrations. POC:chl a ratios and δ13C of POM and M. edulis gill tissue decreased with increasing depth (and greater distance from shore). δ13C of POM was correlated with δ13C of M. edulis. Our results suggest that detritus comprised a large proportion of POM at shallow depths (<15 m), that M. edulis ingested and assimilated carbon in proportion to its availability in POM, and that growth of M. edulis was higher where detritus was present and POM concentrations were higher.

scholarly journals Habitat use of golden jackals (Canis aureus) in riverine areas of northern Bosnia and Herzegovina

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldin Selimovic ◽  
Eva Maria Schöll ◽  
Larissa Bosseler ◽  
Jennifer Hatlauf
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Golden Jackal ◽  
Canis Aureus ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Habitat Analysis ◽  
Group Density

AbstractRecently confirmed expansion of golden jackals (Canis aureus) into countries without any previous records poses questions, one of them focusing on the species potential and possibly varying habitat use. In this study, we investigated the presence and distribution of golden jackals in northern Bosnia and Herzegovina, where knowledge about golden jackal distribution and habitat use is still scarce. We used bioacoustic stimulation as a non-invasive tool to gather data on golden jackal presence. Habitat structures potentially selected by the species were assessed at 92 calling stations and used as input for binary logistic regression models. Our study area covered approximately 1150 km2, and bioacoustic stimulation within this area resulted in an estimated minimum relative group density of 3.5 territorial groups per 100 km2. We found territorial groups at distances between 15 and 38 km southwards from the river Sava but always within a maximum range of 3 km to perennial watercourses. Habitat analysis identified shrub vegetation and pastures as structures with a significant effect on the presence of resident golden jackals. Probability that golden jackals answered at calling stations increased with increasing surface area covered with pastures and shrubs. Distances between golden jackal territories and the nearest human settlement were relatively small. Our results indicate that structures like transitional woodland-shrubs and pastures, together with other potential influencing factors like local agricultural practices, low hunting pressure, diverse natural and anthropogenic food sources, could have benefited the settlement of golden jackals in the northern lowlands of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

scholarly journals Use of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) as a biological control agent for submerged aquatic macrophytes

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-773
Author(s):  
A.F. Silva ◽  
C. Cruz ◽  
R.L.C.M. Pitelli ◽  
R.A. Pitelli
Keyword(s):  
Grass Carp ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Predation Rate ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Ceratophyllum Demersum ◽  
Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Submerged Aquatic Macrophytes

This study aimed to evaluate feed preference and control efficacy of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) on the aquatic macrophytes Ceratophyllum demersum, Egeria densa and Egeria najas. An experiment was carried out at mesocosms conditions with 2,000 liters capacity and water residence time of 2.8 days. C. demersum, E. densa e E. najas biomasses were offered individually with sixty g and coupled in similar quantities of 30 g of each species, evaluated during 81 days, envolving 6 treatments. (1 - C. demersum, 2 - E. najas, 3 -E. densa, 4 - C. demersum + E. najas, 5 - C. demersum + E. densa and 6 - E. najas + E. densa). When offered individually, E. najas and C. demersum presented the same predation rate by grass carp, which was higher than E. densa predation rate. When plants were tested in pairs, the order of feed preference was C. demersum > E. najas > E. densa. E. najas and C. demersum percentage control ranged from 73 to 83%. No relation between biomass consumption and grass carp body weight gain was observed, probably due to differences in nutritional quality among macrophyte species according to fish necessities. Therefore, it is concluded that the use of grass carp is one excellent technique to control submersed macrophytes in Brazil.

Methyl mercury in zooplankton—the role of size, habitat, and food quality

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1606-1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Kainz ◽  
Marc Lucotte ◽  
Christopher C Parrish
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Methyl Mercury ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Calanoid Copepods ◽  
Bacterial Food

Pathways of methyl mercury (MeHg) accumulation in zooplankton include ingestion of organic matter (OM). We analyzed fatty acid (FA) biomarkers in zooplankton to (i) investigate the effect of allochthonous and autochthonous OM ingestion on MeHg concentrations ([MeHg]) in zooplankton and (ii) examine how algal and bacterial food sources affect MeHg bioaccumulation. We partitioned bulk zooplankton samples (i.e., >500, 202, 100, and 53 μm) from Lake Lusignan (Québec) and measured [MeHg] and [FA] in each fraction. [MeHg] increased with increasing body size and was significantly higher in pelagic than in littoral macrozooplankton (>500 μm). The amount of the ingested terrestrial FA biomarker 24:0 indicated that less than 1% of the total FA in zooplankton was derived from allochthonous sources. More than 60% of the ingested FA originated from algal biomarkers and <10% from bacterial biomarkers. Relative amounts of algal-derived essential FA and bacterial FA were not associated with [MeHg] in any size fraction. In pelagic zones, the amount of MeHg in zooplankton related positively to the number of large organisms such as Calanoid copepods and Daphnia. We propose that the accumulation of MeHg in lacustrine zooplankton depends on the zooplankton habitat rather than on the quality of ingested food.

scholarly journals Population dynamics and net primary production of the aquatic macrophite Nymphaea rudgeana C. F. Mey in a lotic environment of the Itanhaém River basin (SP, Brazil)

2000 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. M. CAMARGO ◽  
E. R. FLORENTINO
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Annual Productivity ◽  
Lotic Environment ◽  
Low Levels

In this paper we evaluated the population dynamics and obtained estimates of the net primary production of the aquatic macrophyte Nymphaea rudgeana in an arm of the Itanhaém River (São Paulo State, Brazil). This species presents, in the studied area, a broad seasonal variation of biomass. As from November (13.1 g DW/m²) we observed a gradual increase of biomass that reached a maximum in February (163.1 g DW/m²). Then, the biomass decreased, maintaining low levels until a new growth period. The reduction of biomass is associated to the development of floating aquatic macrophytes (Pistia stratiotes and Salvinia molesta) and, subsequently to environmental factors (higher salinity values) that are unfavorable to their development. The net primary production of N. rudgeana was estimated from the biomass data, and the annual productivity value was estimated between 3.02 and 3.82 t/ha/year.

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