scholarly journals Seeking for Recovering Their Identity: The Melanesian-Papua Treading Returning Roadmap

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
Don Augusthinus Lamaech Flassy
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
The Federalist ◽  
Unilateral Declaration ◽  
The Social ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
History Of ◽  
Basic Reference ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

The study describes 5 main areas, namely, (1)"Hidden Structure" that in the Social Meaning of Melanesian-Papua Cultural highlights Papuanistiecs and Melanesianology; (2) The Prestige and Power exposes the influence of the Big World Power to the problem of Papua; (3) Federalism in Indonesia reveal to the Melanesian-Papua in Land Papua as Special Specific Case versus unitary of The Republic of Indonesia; (4) Constitution vis-à-vis Constitution on constitutional philosophical correlation Indonesia constitution 1945 versus Papua constitution 1999; (5) Unilateral Declaration of Independence/UDI October 19, 2011, concerning Freedom-Melanesian Papuans in Land Papua as Nation and State. The background of this study is based on two main thoughts keys, namely: First, Meteray (2012: 268, 2013: 4) confirmed that, during the 17 years from 1945 to 1962, the process to Indonesian-sizing the Papuans are generally still in the stage of seeding while growth only in some areas of government and urban centres’. Awareness to be Indonesian-ness is yet to reach all areas of Papua. Meteray adding that the presence of Indonesian-sizing in past greatly influenced by the policies and the approach taken by both the Dutch and Indonesian government through the role of nationalists initiators of the period (2012: 264-267); Second; LIPI study in 2007 (Soewarsono, ed) are still questions to the Indonesian-sizing of the Papuans reinforce the view of Meteray stated that it is to Indonesian-sizing among the Papuans still weak (Meteray 2013: 1). Meteray concluded that, in fact, to understand the history of Papua will become a basic reference for the government seek and find out the right way and dignified in overcoming the issues of Papua, though on the other hand Aditjondro, 1999 clamming, the Government and Important People of Indonesia has curled the history of Papua which by the Papuans wanting to be straightened out, He calls this act as: "The dark history of Papua in Indonesian Historiography". Thoughts of Meteray and Aditjondro strengthens the authors thought that the various problems occurred in Papua, especially the facts involves "M"/Merdeka (Freedom) Papua". Referring to the failure of Indonesian-sizing of the Papuans, it appears that it is not necessary regrettable because in fact, they are different. Precisely when indecision of the President of Indonesia to the case of Papua is safe step into alternative measures of the Melanesian-Papua people themselves must be hacked through, UDI October 19, 2011. This research focuses on the study of literature and interviews with the method of Descriptive Analysis and Method of Structure Linkage to assemble the Hidden Structure and Correlation Studies to reflect the relationships between aspects on the basis of Motivation Theory, Theory of Social Change and Theory of Balance and Theory of Realist and related by make use of Hidden Structure as Grand Theory. The formulation of the problem is (1). How to understand the present of Melanesian-Papuans in Land Papua? (2). Whether existing of Papua as "trust territory" of the UN is still attracting the winning of Prestige and Power of "the Big Power of the World" to be back to discusses at the UN of a future in accordance with Article 74 and Article 78 of the UN Charter? (3). Whether, Melanesia-Papua and Indonesian in Papua can together according to the federalist order of Melanesian-Papua? (4). How is the condition of social customs and traditions of Indonesia and Papua can be met?

scholarly journals Prestige and Powers of "The World Big Power'', Tanah Papua as Specific Case

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-43
Author(s):  
Don Augustinus Lamaech Flassy
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Conflict Theory ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Unilateral Declaration ◽  
The World ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

The article, Prestige and Powers of "The World of Big Power'', Tanah Papua as Specific Case, the author intends for Subtopic to two and at the same time can also to accommodate the third problem of formulation being raised in dissertation entitled: " Re-Roadmap of the Papuan in State of Papua Courant West : “A Peaceful Solution Recovering of Identity”. That is by treading Returning Roadmap, referring to Unilateral Declaration of Independence/UDI of the Papua Nation and the Federal Republic of West Papua/NRFPB on October 19, 2011. The study describes in five main topics, namely, (1) Defining "Hidden Structure" in Melanesian-Papua Social Cultural highlighting Papuanistiecs and Melanesianology; (2) Prestige and Powers of “The World Big Power'', Tanah Papua as Specific Case, reveals how the influence of ”The Giant Powers” to the problem of Papua; (3) Federalism in Indonesia revealing Melanesian-Papua in Tanah Papua as Special Case versus the Unitary Republic of Indonesia; (4) Constitution vis-à-vis Constitution illustrates the philosophical correlation among Indonesian constitution 1945 versus Papua constitution 1999; (5) Unilateral Declaration/UDI of the Papua Nation and NRFPB on October 19, 2011. The background of the study is based on two keys of Morgenthou thoughts: First, Morgenthou (2012) confirmed that, during the 17 years from 1945 to 1962, the process to Indonesia-nizing the Papuans are generally still in the stage of seeding while growing only in some urban areas and the government center. Awareness to be Indonesian-ness was yet to reach all areas of Papua. Morgenthou (2012) that the presence of all Indonesia's past greatly influenced the policies and the approach taken by both the Dutch and Indonesian government through the nationalist’s initiators role at that time. Second, study of LIPI in 2007 (Soewarsono, ed.) is still questions to the Indonesian-ness of Papuans reinforces the view of Morgenthou (2012), which states that the process to Indonesian-ness among Papuans still weak. Morgenthou concluded that, in fact, to understand the history of Papua will become a basic reference for the government seek and find out the right way and dignified in overcoming the issues of Papua, though on the other hand George Junus Aditjondro, 1999 clamming, the Government and Important People of Indonesia has curled the history of Papua which by the Papuans wanting to be straightened out: "This is the dark history of Papua in Indonesian Historiography". Thoughts of Morgenthou strengthens the authors thought that the various problems occurred in Papua, especially the facts involve "Merdeka Papua". Referring to the failure of Indonesia-nizing of the Papuans, it appears that it is not necessary regrettable because in fact, they are different by nature or in the growth process since in the hands of Dutch colonial control of the Dutch East Indies (for Papua 1826-1949-1962). Precisely when indecision of the President of Indonesia to the case of Papua was safe step into alternative measures of the Melanesian-Papua themselves must be hacked through, UDI of Papuan Nation and NRFPB on October 19, 2011. The research focuses on studies of literature and interviews by the method of Descriptive Analysis and to assemble the Hidden Structure and Correlation Studies to reflect the relationships between aspects on the basis of Motivation Theory, Theory of Conflict, Theory of Social Change and Theory of Balance and Theory of Realist implied through sub-theories positioned as tools to characterize, recognize, and understanding as well as tools to analyze (dissect) the problems issues to be raised in this written work. In connection with this, the author is improving the nature of Hidden Structure as Grand Theory. Formulations of the problems might be: (1). How to understand the present of the Melanesian-Papua in Tanah Papua? (2). May the existence of Papua to be returning to the attention of Prestige and Powers of "The World Big Power" for its political status to be reviewed at the UN? (4). Whether, the Melanesian-Papua and the Indonesian in Tanah Papua can together according to the federalist order of Melanesian-Papua? (4). How is the condition of Indonesian society and customs of Melanesian-Papua can be brought together to create a bilateral solidarity for the multilateralbeneficial and usefulness? 

An Economic Analysis of the Social Grant Policy in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 362
Author(s):  
Rufaro GARIDZIRAI ◽  
Rufaro Emily CHIKURUWO
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Critical Question ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Grants ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Social Grant ◽  
The Right

South Africa`s economy is largely influenced by socio-economic challenges that need attention. These challenges include poverty, stagnant economic growth, unemployment and crime. In a bid to address these challenges, the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa established the social grant system as one of the solutions to the above entrenched challenges. Section 27 (1) (c) of the Constitution affords everyone the right to social security, including, appropriate social support for themselves and those that depend on them. The critical question is whether the social grant system can solve all the above-mentioned challenges? This question remains as one of the unanswered questions in South Africa’s policy space. Extensive examination of this conundrum is therefore necessary. Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate whether the social grants are economically sustainable in South Africa. The study utilized a combination of the doctrinal research methodology and literature review approach in achieving the objective of the study. The results of the study suggest that the social grant system is a short-term policy that presents long-run challenges, especially if the economic outlook of the country is not favorable. Therefore, although the social grant system is legally supported by the Constitution, it is nonetheless economically unsustainable considering the economic metrics of South Africa. Based on the results of the study, the paper proposes that the government introduces a new system of social grants that promotes small businesses for citizens so that they do not rely on the government for survival.  

Nazistowski mord na Żydach w prasie polskich komunistów (1942–1944).

2006 ◽  
pp. 54-75
Author(s):  
Klaus Peter Friedrich
Keyword(s):  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
The Political ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Social Democrats ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Post War ◽  
Polish Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
Political Right

Facing the decisive struggle between Nazism and Soviet communism for dominance in Europe, in 1942/43 Polish communists sojourning in the USSR espoused anti-German concepts of the political right. Their aim was an ethnic Polish ‘national communism’. Meanwhile, the Polish Workers’ Party in the occupied country advocated a maximum intensification of civilian resistance and partisan struggle. In this context, commentaries on the Nazi judeocide were an important element in their endeavors to influence the prevailing mood in the country: The underground communist press often pointed to the fate of the murdered Jews as a warning in order to make it clear to the Polish population where a deficient lack of resistance could lead. However, an agreed, unconditional Polish and Jewish armed resistance did not come about. At the same time, the communist press constantly expanded its demagogic confrontation with Polish “reactionaries” and accused them of shared responsibility for the Nazi murder of the Jews, while the Polish government (in London) was attacked for its failure. This antagonism was intensified in the fierce dispute between the Polish and Soviet governments after the rift which followed revelations about the Katyn massacre. Now the communist propaganda image of the enemy came to the fore in respect to the government and its representatives in occupied Poland. It viewed the government-in-exile as being allied with the “reactionaries,” indifferent to the murder of the Jews, and thus acting ultimately on behalf of Nazi German policy. The communists denounced the real and supposed antisemitism of their adversaries more and more bluntly. In view of their political isolation, they coupled them together, in an undifferentiated manner, extending from the right-wing radical ONR to the social democrats and the other parties represented in the underground parliament loyal to the London based Polish government. Thereby communist propaganda tried to discredit their opponents and to justify the need for a new start in a post-war Poland whose fate should be shaped by the revolutionary left. They were thus paving the way for the ultimate communist takeover

Stimulating the economy in the Republic of Korea in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
I. Korgun ◽  
S. Sutyrin
Keyword(s):  
Social Situation ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

This article discusses the measures of the government of the Republic of Korea to overcome the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. It shows what programs are being adopted to stabilize the social situation, normalize business activity and create conditions for the development of new sectors of the economy. An attempt is also made to suggest how relations with foreign economic partners may change in the post-tandem period.

Electronic Communication in the Paradigm of Interaction of State and Society

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-17
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Communication ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Communication Law ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Legal Communication ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

In recent decades, the phenomenon of mass electronic communication has been studied by various sciences. The right also turned out to be included in a similar discourse. Communication in the digital environment is the reason for the interaction of previously distant segments of society. In modern law, the concept of electronic communication remains in a certain sense debatable, it is often identified with legal communication. At the same time, electronic communication has an additional «dimension». The globalization of the information space encourages legal scholars to study electronic communication as the action and interaction of various actors, based on Internet technologies using web services, portals, blogs, websites, social networks. There is a need for re- levant legal regulation of the informational interaction between the authorities and society in the Republic of Belarus, in connection with which a new «field» is opening up for activities in various areas of law. The meaning of electronic communication is constantly expanding and, depending on the specialization, even varies. For an adequate understanding of electronic communication, law must take into account the tools of other humanities. In contact with the digital environment, legal science is called upon to reformat research tasks to explain the new empirical and theoretical experience associated with the transformation of the paradigm of interaction between the state and society in the network structures. The author comprehends these issues in relation to the conditions of development of e-government in the Republic of Belarus and the need for more active involvement of the public in the government.

How to Choose the Right Partners in Cross-Sector Partnership in Emerging Countries? A Political Embeddedness Perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 000765032098260
Author(s):  
Jiawen Chen ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Linlin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Close Relationships ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Partner Selection ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Social Partnership ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
Relational Risks

In emerging countries such as China where the government is gradually withdrawing from involvement in social affairs, firms face dilemmas around relational risks of partnering with different forms of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Affiliated NGOs (those with close relationships with government) are more likely to sabotage the social partnership through misconduct, and are also capable of higher standards of collaborative social performance compared with independent NGOs (those with few such relationships). This study proposes that firms’ political embeddedness helps mitigate relational risks in cross-sector partner selection, and finds that politically connected firms are more likely to partner with affiliated NGOs than with independent NGOs in China. This effect is more pronounced for private firms that are less socially oriented or are located in regions with less-developed formal institutions and social trust. Our findings highlight relational risks relevant to cross-sector partner selection literature and offer important insights into how relational risks can be reduced in cross-sector partner selection in emerging countries.

scholarly journals Konsep Talak Menurut Ibnu Qayyim Al-Jauziyyah (Analisis Waktu Dan Jumlah Penjatuhan Talak)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Jamhuri Jamhuri ◽  
Zuhra Zuhra
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationships ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Foster Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right

Talak merupakan hukum yang disyariatkan bagi satu pasangan yang tidak mungkin lagi membina hubungan keluarga dengan baik. Peluang talak ini dapat dipilih oleh suami dengan memperhatikan tata cara dan prosedur yang sesuai dengan hukum Islam. Terdapat beberapa hukum yang ulama tidak padu dan berbeda pendapat, khususnya mengenai konsep talak dilihat dari sisi waktu dan jumlah penjatuhannya. Penelitian ini henda mengkaji pendapat Ibn Qayyim. Masalah yang didalami adalah bagaimana pandangan Ibnu Qayyim al-Jauziyyah terhadap konsep dan pengaruh hukum talak syar’i dilihat dari segi waktu dan jumlah penjatuhan talak, dan bagaimana metode istinbaṭ yang ia gunakan. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian pustaka, data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan cara analisis-deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa menurut Ibn Qayyim al-Jauziyyah, konsep talak secara umum ada dua bentuk, yaitu talak dari segi waktu dan dari segi jumlah. Dari segi waktu, talak dilakukan saat isteri suci dan tidak digauli saat suci tersebut. Pengaruh suami yang menceraikan isteri saat haid dan telah digauli, itu diharamkan dan talak tidak jatuh. Dari segi jumlah, hak talak suami hanya ada tiga. Tiga jumlah hak talak tersebut digunakan secara bertahap, tidak bisa digunakan sekaligus. Pengaruh suami yang menceraikan isteri dengan talak dua atau tiga sekaligus, talak yang jatuh hanya dipandang satu kali. Adapun dalil yang digunakan Ibn Qayyim yaitu QS. al-Ṭalāq ayat 1, QS. al-Baqarah ayat 229, QS. al-Baqarah ayat 230, dan QS. al-Nūr ayat 6. Adapun riwayat hadis di antaranya hadis dari Nafi’ riwayat Abī Dāwud, dari Sa’di bin Ibrahim riwayat Muslim, dari Abdullah bin Ali bin Sa’ib riwayat Abī Dāwud, dan dari Ibn Wahab riwayat HR. Nasā’i. Metode yang digunakan Ibn Qayyim yaitu bayanī dan metode istiṣlāḥī. Talak is a law prescribed to one spouse that is no longer likely to foster family relationships well. The chance of this Talak can be chosen by the husband taking into account the ordinances and procedures according to Islamic law. There are some laws that scholars do not mix and differ, especially regarding the concept of Talak seen from the time and number of the allotment. This study has studied Ibn Qayyim's opinion. The issue in the matter is how Ibn Qayyim al-Jauziyyah's view of the concept and influence of the law is seen in terms of time and the number of a bailout, and how the Istinbaṭ method he used. This research includes the research of libraries, the collected data is analyzed in a descriptive-analysis way. The results showed that according to Ibn Qayyim al-Jauziyyah, the concept of Talak, in general, there are two forms, namely Talak in terms of time and in terms of number. In terms of time, the Talak was performed during the Holy Wife and not in the holy moment. The influence of the husband who divorced the wife during menstruation and has been held, it is haraam and the Talak does not fall. In terms of numbers, the right to the husband is only three. The three total rights of the Board are used gradually, not to be used at once. The influence of the husband who divorced the wife with a two or three talak at once, a talak that fell only considered one time. The evidence that Ibn Qayyim used is QS.  al-Ṭalāq verse 1,  Qs. Al-Baqarah verses 229,  Qs. Al-Baqarah verses 230, and  Qs. Al-Nūr verse 6. The history of Hadith includes hadith from  Nafi ' History of Abī Dāwud,  from Sa'di bin Ibrahim  Muslim history, from Abdullah bin Ali bin Sa'ib  abī dāwud history, and Ibn Wahab narrated by the history of the Christian. The method used Ibn Qayyim was bayanī and the method Istiṣlāḥī. 

scholarly journals Dari Medan Perang Berburu Lapangan Pekerjaan: Pengangguran Revolusi di Yogyakarta Tahun 1950-an

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Rika Inggit Asmawati
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Revolutionary Period ◽  
Independent Country ◽  
Unemployment Problem ◽  
Economic Improvement

This research discusses about the social economic history of Yogyakarta during 1950s. The main problem is to analyze how the newly independent country of Indonesia dealt with unemployment after the revolutionary period. This research employs the historical method using primary and secondary sources, such as archives, newspapers, magazines, interviews, and reviews of relevant references. There are four conclusions in this research. First, although the period was called as the period of creating jobs, the unemployment number in early 1950s was increasing. Second, this unemployment problem was not primarily caused by the economic condition but also by demographic problems and the legacies from the Revolution Era. Third, people who were categorized as unemployed were not only labors, but also veterans. Fourth, for the government, solving this unemployment problem was the effort to create economic improvement for its society.

scholarly journals Siberian Tatars of Knyazevs: historical and genealogical essay

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-158
Author(s):  
S.N. Korusenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The Village

This paper aims at reconstructing the genealogy of Siberian Tatars of Knyazevs (Western Siberia), identifying the origins of their surname, which is not characteristic of the Tatars, and at analysis of the influence of socio-political and socio-economical processes in Russia in the 18th through 20th centuries on the social transformation of the family. The sources were represented by the materials of the Inventory Revision Book of Tarsky District of 1701 and census surveys of the end of 18th through 19th centuries, which allowed tracing the Knyazev family through the genealogical succession and identifying social status of its members. In this work, recordkeeping ma-terials of the 18th–20th centuries and contemporary genealogical and historical traditions of the Tatars have been utilized. In the research, the method of genealogical reconstructions by archival materials and their correlation with genealogies of modern population has been used. The history of the Knyazev family is inextricably linked to the history of modern village of Bernyazhka — one of the earliest settlements of the Ayalintsy (a group of the Si-berian Tatars) in the territory of the Tarsky Irtysh land which became the home to the Knyazevs for more than three centuries. The 1701Inventory Revision Book cites Itkuchuk Buchkakov as a local power broker of the Aya-lynsky Tatars in the village. During the 18th century, this position was inherited by his descendants who eventually lost this status in the beginning of the 19th century in the course of the managerial reforms by the Russian gov-ernment. Nevertheless, the social status of the members of the gens remained high. In the mid. 19th century, the village moved — the villagers resettled from the right bank of the River Irtysh onto the left one. As the result, the village was situated nearby the main road connecting the cities of Omsk and Tara. At the same time, the village became the center of the Ayalynskay region. That led to the strengthening of the social status and property en-richment of the descendants of Itkuchuk Buchkakov. The Knyzevs’ surname first appeared in the materials of the First All-Russia Census Survey of 1897. Some of the descendants signed up under this surname later in the Soviet period. During the Soviet years, members of the Knyzev’s gens had different destinies: some worked in the local government, whereas the others were subjected to political repressions and executed. Knyazevs took part in the Great Patriotic War and seven of them perished. Presently there are no descendants of the Knyazevs in Bernyazhka as they spread over the villages of the Omskaya Region, some living in Omsk and other towns of Russia and abroad.

scholarly journals Case of Bistieva and Others v. Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-139
Author(s):  
Anna Magdalena Kosińska
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
European Convention ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Irregular Migrants ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
Minor Children ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Article 5

The present commentary concerns the claims alleging a violation under Article 5 paragraph 1 (the right to liberty and security of a person) and paragraph 4 (the right to take proceedings to determine the lawfulness of the detention) of the European Convention on Human Rights and Article 8 (the right to respect for private and family life) ECHR by using detention by the Republic of Poland for the period of almost 6 months with regard to a family of third-country nationals. The applicant in the case was a national of Russia, Zita Bistieva and her three minor children. The judgement under discussion is significant from the perspective of strengthening the guarantees for the protection of the rights of irregular migrants in the system of both the Council of Europe and the European Union, on the grounds of the concept of equivalent protection adopted in EU primary law. The ruling in question also refers to the fact that the Member States do not sufficiently resort to alternative measures with regard to the detention of foreign nationals.

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