scholarly journals SENSITIVITY OF HOUSEHOLDS CONSUMPTION DEFLATOR TO CHANGES IN PRICES OF IMPORTED AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Artur Gorzałczyński ◽  
Michał Przybyliński
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Price Sensitivity ◽  
Macroeconomic Model ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Price Model ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
The World ◽  
Spatial Diversification ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Adjustment Mechanisms

The aim of the article is to assess the sensitivity of the deflator of households consumption to changes in prices of imported agricultural products. In addition to assessing the scale of this sensitivity, its changes in time and spatial diversification were tracked. The research used the input – output price model. It is a macroeconomic model based on the cost formula, and therefore price sensitivity is described through the prism of flows of intermediate products, ignoring adjustment mechanisms. The statistical material for the period 2000–2014 was taken from world input – output database (WIOD) covering information about 43 countries of the world. The analysis carried out shows that changes in world prices of agricultural products have a rather small impact on the purchasing power of households. The observed changes in time are varied, however, the upward trend prevails. The results confirm the thesis that the sensitivity to price impulses flowing from abroad decreases along with the size of the country. Very clearly, especially in European countries, a breakdown in 2009 can be noticed, resulting from the financial crisis, which also moved to the real sphere.

scholarly journals Design, fabrication and testing of banana fibre extraction machine

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-173
Author(s):  
Sachin Poudel ◽  
Sushil Chapai ◽  
Raj Kumar Subedi ◽  
Tark Raj Giri ◽  
Sunil Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fibre Production ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
The World ◽  
Banana Fibre ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Operation Cost

Banana (Musa paradisiacal L) is the fourth most important crop in the world after rice, wheat and maize. Banana cultivation in Nepal is more popular like other agricultural products and has annual fibre production of about 1,977 tons. The thick, fleshy and fibrous pseudo stems that are left over after harvesting the bananas can be used to extract high quality fibre. Farmers usually throw away this whole stump because it is big and heavy and takes a long time to rot and the animals do not eat it. The cost of importing extraction machine from other country is expensive. The research and development of such machine with low cost, which ultimately provides opportunity of local entrepreneurship to farmers and helps in proper utilization of agricultural management, was felt necessary. The developed machine from this project, uses combined application of roller and a decorticator for fibre extraction. The machine can extract fibre from 1,648 Kg of input which is about 100-160 banana pseudostem. The fibre production obtained was 54 Kg per day with NRS. 11 operation cost per 1 Kg of fibre. The production efficiency in comparison to available commercial machine is 180 %.

Glembotskaya G.T., Eremin S.Yu. Scientific and practical approach to optimizing costs on development and promotion of drugs

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Галина Глембоцкая ◽  
Galina Glembockaya ◽  
Станислав Еремин ◽  
Stanislav Eremin
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
Pharmaceutical Market ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Registration Phase

In order to identify promising strategic development possibilities for the pharmaceutical industry in the Russian Federation, a pilot study was conducted, which has analyzed the main trends in the development of innovative medicines. As a result of the content analysis of available sources of scientific literature, the characteristics of options used in the world practice for increasing the innovative activity of individual subjects and the pharmaceutical market as a whole are presented. Possible reserves for the further development of the innovative component of the pharmaceutical market within the framework of the concept of personalized medicine according to the P4 principle (predictive - personalized - preventive - participatory) are identified and structured. The results of use by individual pharmaceutical companies of scientifically and practically justified approaches to optimizing the costs of development and promoting drugs are presented. The advantages and real prospects of a generally accepted method to reduce the cost of development by «expanding the pharmacological effect» (label expansion) of already existing drugs with a known safety profile in the world practice are shown. A scientific generalization and structuring of the goals and results of the post-registration phase of clinical trials to expand the pharmacological action of a number of drugs already existed at the market have been carried out.

Economic Aspects of Mustard Cultivation in Lakhimpur Kheri District of Uttar Pradesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 520-523
Keyword(s):  
Average Cost ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Ratio ◽  
Gross Income ◽  
Average Size ◽  
The Cost

The results revealed that on an overall average size of landholding was estimated to be 0.97 ha. The total cultivated area at all categories of sample farms were found to be irrigated. Overall average, cost of cultivation was estimated `27819.43 per ha. The cost of cultivation showed positive relation with size of holding. The cost of cultivation was highest on medium farms (`32549.25) followed by small (`31528.40 and marginal (`29171.74), respectively. Overall average, cost of production was estimated `2446.44 per hectare. On an average input-output ratio on the basis Costs A1/A2, B1, B2, C1, and C2 were recorded 1:2.86, 1:2.77, 1:1.91, 1:1.89 and 1:1.46, respectively. On the basis of Cost C2 input-output ratio was highest on marginal farms (1:1.47) followed by small (1:1.44) and medium (1:1.43), respectively. Overall average, net income and gross income were found `9859.33 and 40028.69 per ha, respectively.

Competitiveness of dried sector: A case study of world and Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 365-372
Author(s):  
Tunahan Erdem
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Products ◽  
The Other ◽  
Local Currency ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
World Economic Crisis ◽  
Specific Country ◽  
Economic Outlook

The study aimed to reveal the competitiveness of the world dried sector for some selected products such as dried apples, prunes, apricots, figs, and grapes. In the study, the data was subjected to the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Relative Export Advantage (RXA), Relative Import Advantage (RMA), Relative Trade Advantage (RTA) and Relative Competitiveness (RC) indices. RCA is an index developed by Balassa to determine the competitiveness of a specific country for selected products or goods. To demonstrate the economic outlook for the world dried sector, the 2007 to 2017 data of China, USA, Chile, Germany, Iran, the Netherlands, South Africa, France, Uzbekistan, Argentina, Spain, Turkey, and India were compared, these countries dominating the sector of selected dried agricultural products. The results demonstrated that the world dried sector is very responsive to economic crises and to local currency rate. The RCA index was found to be 4.66 in 2007 for Turkey and it decreased to 4.45 by 2009 during the world economic crisis. The other breaking point was 2013 when Turkey experienced both economic and political crises.

scholarly journals Punishment Strategies across Societies: Conventional Wisdoms Reconsidered

Games ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Ramzi Suleiman ◽  
Yuval Samid
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Public Goods Game ◽  
The Public ◽  
Free Riders ◽  
The World ◽  
Emergence Of Cooperation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Cost

Experiments using the public goods game have repeatedly shown that in cooperative social environments, punishment makes cooperation flourish, and withholding punishment makes cooperation collapse. In less cooperative social environments, where antisocial punishment has been detected, punishment was detrimental to cooperation. The success of punishment in enhancing cooperation was explained as deterrence of free riders by cooperative strong reciprocators, who were willing to pay the cost of punishing them, whereas in environments in which punishment diminished cooperation, antisocial punishment was explained as revenge by low cooperators against high cooperators suspected of punishing them in previous rounds. The present paper reconsiders the generality of both explanations. Using data from a public goods experiment with punishment, conducted by the authors on Israeli subjects (Study 1), and from a study published in Science using sixteen participant pools from cities around the world (Study 2), we found that: 1. The effect of punishment on the emergence of cooperation was mainly due to contributors increasing their cooperation, rather than from free riders being deterred. 2. Participants adhered to different contribution and punishment strategies. Some cooperated and did not punish (‘cooperators’); others cooperated and punished free riders (‘strong reciprocators’); a third subgroup punished upward and downward relative to their own contribution (‘norm-keepers’); and a small sub-group punished only cooperators (‘antisocial punishers’). 3. Clear societal differences emerged in the mix of the four participant types, with high-contributing pools characterized by higher ratios of ‘strong reciprocators’, and ‘cooperators’, and low-contributing pools characterized by a higher ratio of ‘norm keepers’. 4. The fraction of ‘strong reciprocators’ out of the total punishers emerged as a strong predictor of the groups’ level of cooperation and success in providing the public goods.

Hospitality at community wells: The life-giving waters of John 4:7–15

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-535
Author(s):  
Cindy Bolden
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
God's Love ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Church ◽  
Samaritan Woman

Jesus’s encounter with the Samaritan woman at the well is a paradigmatic text for the Church, showing new possibilities for how the Church can engage the world, specifically engagement through invitational conversation and acts of charity at modern-day community wells. A Place at the Table is a pay-what-you-can café in Raleigh, North Carolina. Patrons can pay the suggested price, less than the suggested price, redeem a token worth the cost of a meal, or pay by volunteering at the café. Patrons who are able to “pay it forward” can further support the mission by tipping or buying meal tokens for others. At this café, a space reminiscent of an ancient “community well,” thirsty travelers receive the life-giving waters of acceptance, connection, and sustenance. The custom of hospitality is a life-giving and transformational practice for the Church, a viable and tangible way to connect with its neighbor and draw all persons into the experience of God’s love.

India–Myanmar Relations

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-99
Author(s):  
Gaurav Kumar Jha ◽  
Amrita Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
World Order ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Market Interdependence

Despite long historical ties, post-colonial relations between India and Myanmar have fluctuated between magnanimity and mistrust. While India often stood for high moral grounds and promotion of democracy, it did so at the cost of losing Myanmar to China. This affected both India and Myanmar adversely: while New Delhi’s economic, energy and security interests were hurt, isolated Yangon became more China-dependent. However, since the early 1990s, domestic developments in Myanmar and post-Cold War structural changes in the world order necessitated conditions for cooperation and mutual gains. It appears that blatant domestic suppression in, and international seclusion of, Myanmar is not desirable. Having witnessed two eras of magnanimity and mistrust, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh’s visit to Myanmar in 2012 heralds a prospective era of market interdependence while opening Pandora’s box: can India get a better share of Myanmar’s commercial possibilities without compromising its core interests in promoting democracy, development and diaspora protection?

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