scholarly journals PROPERTY TAX POLICY OF RURAL AND URBAN-RURAL MUNICIPALITIES IN POLAND

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Paweł Felis ◽  
Henryk Rosłaniec ◽  
Joanna Szlęzak-Matusewicz
Keyword(s):  
Tax Policy ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Local Property ◽  
Correlation Test ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Direct Data ◽  
Rural Municipalities

The article presents research on the local property tax policy of rural and urban-rural municipalities in Poland. Various methods were used to investigate the data interdependencies of mathematical statistics (Pearson’s correlation test, Spearman’s correlation test and Pearson’s independence test). For direct data and coefficients, Pearson’s classic correlation was used. With regard to the processed, dichotomic and enumerated data (including the contingency tables), Spearman’s rank correlation was used. The study showed that the tax policy of the analysed municipalities was differentiated and could, under certain conditions, give rise to a positive upward tendency of incomes generated in property tax – which should be seen as an original contribution of work from the authors of this article.

scholarly journals DETERMINANTS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN THE OPINION OF THE AUTHORITIES OF RURAL AND SEMI-URBAN MUNICIPALITIES IN WARMIŃSKO-MAZURSKIE VOIVODESHIP

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Iwona Pomianek
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Entrepreneurship Development ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Protected Natural Areas ◽  
Rural Municipalities

The paper presents opinions of local government authorities on determinants of local entrepreneurship development. The research conducted in 2017 in rural and urban-rural municipalities of Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodship (Poland) shows that among the locational conditions for entrepreneurship development the tourist attractiveness was rated as the highest. Infrastructural conditions were assessed as favourable while such features of the residents as education level, age or qualifications were satisfactory for the respondents. Protected natural areas, popular in the analysed region, were both a barrier and an opportunity for entrepreneurship development. Moreover, self-government activities were evaluated as good on the local level, and satisfactory on the regional level.

scholarly journals Ecology and distribution of living ostracod assemblages in a shallow endorheic lake: the example of the Lake Trasimeno (Umbria, central Italy)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Marchegiano ◽  
Elsa Gliozzi ◽  
Simona Ceschin ◽  
Ilaria Mazzini ◽  
Thierry Adatte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Correlation Test ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Cypridopsis Vidua ◽  
Endorheic Lake ◽  
Physical And Chemical

<p>Ostracod assemblages from Lake Trasimeno (Umbria, central Italy), the largest endorheic lake in Italy, were investigated relating their species distribution and ecology to modern physical, chemical and biological parameters. Nineteen living species were collected in the lake<em> </em>(<em>Darwinula stevensoni, Candona (Candona) candida, Candona (Neglecandona) angulata, Fabaeformiscandona fabaeformis, Pseudocandona marchica, Cypria ophtalmica, Ilyocypris gibba, I. salebrosa, I. getica, Cypridopsis vidua, Eucypris virens, Trajancypris clavata, Herpetocypris helenae, Heterocypris salina, H. incongruens, Isocypris beauchampi, Cyprideis torosa, Limnocythere inopinata, </em>and<em> </em><em>L. stationis</em>)<em>. </em>All the identified species belong to the fresh-water Italian ostracod fauna but<em> </em><em>Cyprideis</em> <em>torosa </em>is documented in an oligohaline athalassic lacustrine environment in Italy for the first time.<em> </em>The occurrence of<em> </em><em>Ilyocypris</em> <em>salebrosa </em>represents the southernmost record in Italy and the westernmost in Eurasia. The recovery of<em> </em><em>Limnocythere</em> <em>stationis</em> represents the westernmost record in Eurasia. The distribution of the different ostracods recovered in Lake Trasimeno is linked to the dominant physical and chemical parameters for each ecological niche. Physical and chemical data along with substratum type, grain-size and presence of aquatic macrophytes have been related to different ostracods using a multivariate analyses approach (NMDS, CCA, Spearman’s rank correlation test). These results allow to differentiate several ecological niches within the lake and indicate that the main parameters affecting the ostracod assemblages are the aquatic macrophyte coverage, the Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and, to a lesser extent, temperature and type of substrate.<em> </em><em>Cyprideis</em> <em>torosa </em>and<em> </em><em>Candona </em>(<em>Neglecandona</em>)<em> </em><em>angulata </em>have been recovered both in the distal part of the lake and in the lakeshore area. In both cases they are associated with scarce or absent aquatic macrophytes and low amounts of TOC. The<em> </em>alternate dominance of these two species in the distal deeper assemblages seems to be mainly linked with the bottom oxygen availability, being<em> </em><em>C.(N.) angulata </em>dominant in the most oxygen-depleted sediments and<em> </em><em>C. torosa </em>dominant in higher oxygen conditions.<em> </em>Along the lakeshore area they are often discovered together with other prevailing species, such as<em> </em><em>Cypridopsis</em> <em>vidua </em>that is common in very shallow to shallow<em> </em>(20-140 cm) sites with high TOC content, abundant macrophytes and algae, and Limnocythere inopinata, which dominates slightly deeper areas (around 150-210 cm) where the previous species are almost absent. The Spearman’s rank correlation test showed significant positive correlation between some ostracods and macrophyte species.</p>

scholarly journals POLA ASUH ORANGTUA AKAN MENINGKATKAN ADAPTASI SOSIAL ANAK PRASEKOLAH DI RA MUSLIMAT NU 202 ASSA’ADAH SUKOWATI BUNGAH GRESIK

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suana Suana ◽  
Firdaus Firdaus
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Correlation Test ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Parenting Pattern

Each child has a different ability to adapt. Some children experience the late process of social adaptation during preschool age. Therefore, this research was purposed to find out the correlation between parenting pattern and social adaptation development in preschool children studying at RA Muslimat NU 202 Assa’adah Sukowati, Bungah, Gresik.  The type of research was analytic done by applying cohort retrospective design. The population involved all parents and their children studying at the school mentioned above, totally 40 people, in which 36 respondents were taken as the samples by using probability sampling, namely simple random sampling technique. Questionnaires and observational sheets were used to collect the data, which were then analyzed by using Spearman’s Rank correlation test with the significance level of 0.05.  The result of research showed that most of the respondents (55.6%) applied democrative, whereas nearly all of the children (80%) had a good social adaptation development. Moreover, the result of correlation test showed that p = (0.000) < α (0.05) so that H0 was rejected illustrating that there was a correlation between parenting pattern and social adaptation development in preschool children studying at RA Muslimat NU 202 Assa’adah Sukowati, Bungah, Gresik.  The research concluded that the parents applying democratic parenting pattern resulted in a good social adaptation development in their children. Thus, they should apply the correct parenting pattern according to the age of their children.

scholarly journals Incorporating Traffic Control and Safety Hardware Performance Functions into Risk-based Highway Safety Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongzhi Li ◽  
Hoang Dao ◽  
Harshingar Patel ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Bei Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Highway Infrastructure ◽  
Pavement Markings ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Crash Modification Factors ◽  
Hardware Performance

Traffic control and safety hardware such as traffic signs, lighting, signals, pavement markings, guardrails, barriers, and crash cushions form an important and inseparable part of highway infrastructure affecting safety performance. Significant progress has been made in recent decades to develop safety performance functions and crash modification factors for site-specific crash predictions. However, the existing models and methods lack rigorous treatments of safety impacts of time-deteriorating conditions of traffic control and safety hardware. This study introduces a refined method for computing the Safety Index (SI) as a means of crash predictions for a highway segment that incorporates traffic control and safety hardware performance functions into the analysis. The proposed method is applied in a computation experiment using five-year data on nearly two hundred rural and urban highway segments. The root-mean square error (RMSE), Chi-square, Spearman’s rank correlation, and Mann-Whitney U tests are employed for validation.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance pattern of uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from children with symptomatic urinary tract infection in Moscow, Russia

2021 ◽  
pp. 212-219
Author(s):  
Souadkia Sarra ◽  
Mbarga Manga Joseph Arsene ◽  
Volina Elena Grigorievna ◽  
Podoprigora Irina Victorovna ◽  
Yashina Natalia Vyacheslavovna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Correlation Test ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Tract Infections

Background and Aim: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is commonly involved in urinary tract infections (UTIs), which are generally treated with antibiotics. However, the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of UPEC has made the treatment difficult. There is thus a need to continuously assess their sensitivity to antibiotics. This study aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance patterns and MDR phenotypes of UPEC strains isolated from children diagnosed with UTIs at the Russian Children's Clinical Hospital in Moscow, Russia. Materials and Methods: Kirby–Bauer's disc diffusion method was used to study the sensitivity to antibiotics of 106 UPEC isolates from urine specimens from children (aged from 9 months to 18 years old) diagnosed with UTIs. The results were interpreted in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines and the correlations of variables with the degree to which each antibiotic inhibited the UPEC strains in terms of diameter on the disc were determined using Spearman's rank correlation test. A t-test and principal component analysis were performed to visualize the correlations of the susceptibility of UPEC to antibiotics with the age and sex of the patients. Statistical significance was set at p≤0.05. Results: Among the 106 UPEC strains tested, none (0%) showed resistance to fosfomycin (FO), while 84 (79.2%) were resistant (R) to at least one antibiotic. The highest rates of resistance were observed to amoxicillin (69.8%), ampicillin (62.3%), cefazolin (39.6%), trimethoprim (TR) (37.7%), ceftriaxone (34.9%), and tetracycline (33.0%). Interestingly, 22 (20.8%) strains were R to imipenem. UPEC isolates from males aged 1-6 years were more R to antibiotics than those from the other groups, with the exception of TR, to which UPEC isolates from females aged 13-18 years old were less sensitive (S). The multidrug-resistance (MDR) index ranged between 0.00 and 0.75 and we found that more than a quarter of UPEC (31/106) had an MDR index ≥0.5 and only 22 (20.7%) strains were S to all antibiotics tested (MDR index=0). Finally, Spearman's rank correlation test showed that, with the exception of FO, there were correlations between the inhibition diameters of all other antibiotics. Conclusion: FO is the only antibiotic to which all UPECs were S and may be suggested as the first line of treatment for UPEC. Further research is needed to continue monitoring antibiotic resistance and to investigate the genetic features associated with such resistance observed in this study.

scholarly journals Circulating Syndecan-1 as a Predictor of Persistent Thrombocytopenia and Lethal Outcome: A Population Study of Patients With Suspected Sepsis Requiring Intensive Care

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosaku Hatanaka ◽  
Takashi Ito ◽  
Yutaro Madokoro ◽  
Chinatsu Kamikokuryo ◽  
Shuhei Niiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Organ Failure ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Lethal Outcome ◽  
Suspected Sepsis ◽  
Correlation Test ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Persistent Thrombocytopenia

Background: Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host responses to infection. Recent studies have suggested that endotheliopathy may be the common basis for multiple organ failure in sepsis. Under septic conditions, accumulation of proteases accelerates shedding of proteoglycans, such as syndecan-1, from the endothelial surface, resulting in augmented leukocyte adhesion to the vascular wall, enhanced vascular permeability, and intravascular coagulation. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential utility of syndecan-1 as a biomarker linking endotheliopathy to organ failure.Methods: One hundred patients with suspected infections who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) at Kagoshima University Hospital were consecutively enrolled in the study. Serum syndecan-1 levels were measured using an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The difference between serum syndecan-1 levels in 28-day survivors and non-survivors was analyzed by the Mann–Whitney U-test. Receiver-operating characteristics curve analysis with area under the curve calculation was used to quantify the predictive performance of serum syndecan-1 for 28-day mortality. The correlations between serum syndecan-1 and coagulation markers were analyzed by Spearman's rank correlation test.Results: Serum syndecan-1 levels in non-survivors were significantly higher than those in survivors on Day 1 and Day 3 (P &lt; 0.01). Among multiple organ failures, coagulation failure and renal failure were significantly correlated with serum syndecan-1. Spearman's rank correlation test indicated that serum syndecan-1 was weakly but significantly correlated with disseminated intravascular coagulation score (rho = 0.33, P &lt; 0.01). Patients with serum syndecan-1 ≥21.4 ng/mL showed delayed recovery from thrombocytopenia relative to patients with serum syndecan-1 &lt;21.4 ng/mL.Conclusions: Elevated circulating syndecan-1 on the first day of ICU admission was associated with persistent thrombocytopenia and lethal outcome in patients with suspected sepsis.

scholarly journals Success Factors Importance Based on Software Project Organization Structure

Information ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 391
Author(s):  
Ahmed Fawzi Otoom ◽  
Ghadeer AL Kateb ◽  
Maen Hammad ◽  
Rateb J. Sweis ◽  
Haneen Hijazi
Keyword(s):  
Success Factors ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Software Project ◽  
Project Organization ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Anova Test ◽  
Correlation Test ◽  
Organization Structures ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Importance Index

The main aim of this paper is to identify critical success factors (CSFs) and investigate whether they are the same or not across different project organization structures. The organization structures under the study are: functional, project, and matrix. The study is based on a survey that was conducted on a large number of software projects in Jordan. To rank success factors (SFs) and identify critical ones, we use the importance index of SFs, which is calculated based on the likelihood and impact across different structures. For deeper analysis, we carry out statistical experiments with an ANOVA test and Spearman’s rank correlation test. Analysis results of an ANOVA test partially indicates that the values of the SF importance index are slightly different across the three organization structures. Moreover, the Spearman’s rank correlation test results show a high degree of correlation of the SF importance index between the function and project organization structures and a low degree of correlation between the function and matrix organization structures.

scholarly journals Distribution of Corneal Geometric Landmarks and Relationship Between Their Distances and Biomechanical Parameters in the Development of Keratoconus

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Tian ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Li-Li Guo ◽  
Xiao Qin ◽  
Di Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Correlation Test ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: To analyze the changes in coordinates and distances among three typical geometric landmarks of the cornea, namely, the thinnest point (TP), maximum curvature (Kmax), and corneal apex (AP) during the development of keratoconus, and explore the potential relationship between these changes and the abnormalities of corneal biomechanics.Methods: Normal eyes (n = 127), clinical keratoconic eyes (CKC, n = 290), and the eyes of forme fruste keratoconus (FFKC, n = 85) were included; among them, the CKC group was classified into four grades based on the Topographic Keratoconus Classification (TKC) provided by Pentacam. A total of 38 Corvis ST output parameters and three distance parameters of three typical landmarks (DKmax-AP, DTP-AP, and DKmax-TP) based on Pentacam were included. The differences of parameters among the abovementioned six groups (Normal, FFKC, and CKC stage I to CKC stage IV) were analyzed. Spearman’s rank correlation test was performed to choose several dynamic corneal response (DCR) parameters that could best reflect the changes of corneal biomechanical characteristics during the progression of the disease, and the Pearson’s or Spearman’s correlation test was conducted to determine the association between the three distances and the selected DCR parameters in each grade. In addition, by flipping the X coordinate of the left eye on the vertical axis to reflect the direction of the right eye, the coordinates of TP and Kmax in different developmental grades were highlighted.Results: From CKC stage II, the three geometric landmark distances commenced to correlate with the corneal DCR parameters (CBI, SPA1, IR, DA Ratio 2, ARTh, MIR, Radius, Pachy, and DA Ratio 1), which could better represent the changes of biomechanical properties from normal cornea to keratoconus. From normal cornea to CKC stage IV, the coordinates of Kmax were gradually tended to the inferior temporal region from dispersion, while TP was always concentrated in the inferior temporal region. Although DKmax-AP, DKmax-TP, and DTP-AP all showed a gradual decreasing trend with the progress of the disease, the first two did not change significantly, and only DTP-AP significantly approached AP in the later stage of disease development. In addition, from the FFKC group, the corresponding values of DKmax-TP in each disease development group were smaller than DKmax-AP.Conclusions: In the later stage of keratoconus, the relationship between the three typical landmark distance parameters and DCR parameters is stronger, and even the weakening of corneal biomechanical properties may be accompanied by the merger of typical landmark positions.

scholarly journals Correlation Test Application of Supplier’s Ranking Using TOPSIS and AHP-TOPSIS Method

CAUCHY ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ika Yuniwati
Keyword(s):  
Ordinal Data ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
P Value ◽  
Topsis Method ◽  
Kendall’S Tau ◽  
Kendall's Tau ◽  
Spearman Rank ◽  
Correlation Test ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation

The supplier selection process can be done using multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods in firms. There are many MCDM Methods, but firms must choose the method suitable with the firm condition. Company A has analyzed supplier’s ranking using TOPSIS method. TOPSIS method has a marjor weakness in its subjective weighting. This flaw is overcome using AHP method weighting having undergone a consistency test. In this study, the comparison of supplier’s ranking using TOPSIS and AHP-TOPSIS method used correlation test. The aim of this paper is to determine different result from two methods. Data in suppliers’ ranking is ordinal data, so this process used Spearman’s rank and Kendall’s tau b correlation. If most of the ranked scored are same, Kendall’s tau b correlation should be used. The other way, Spearman rank should be used. The result of this study is that most of the ranked scored are different, so the process used Spearman rank p-value of Spearman’s rank correlation of 0.505. It is greater than 0.05, means there is no statistically significant correlation between two methods. Furthermore, increment or decrement of supplier’s ranking in one method is not significantly related to the increment or decrement of supplier’s ranking in the second method

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