scholarly journals Importance and Comparative Advantages of the EU and US Agri-food Sector in World Trade in 1995-2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 17(32) (4) ◽  
pp. 236-248
Author(s):  
Karolina Pawlak
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Us ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Eu And Us ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the paper was to examine the evolution of the importance and comparative advantages of the EU and US agri-food sector in world trade in 1995-2015. The research is based on data from UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) resources. The following indicators were used in the comparative advantage analysis: Balassa’s Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Vollrath’s Revealed Competitiveness (RC), the Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA), and the Lafay’s Trade Balance Index (TBI). In 1995-2015, the EU countries and the US were the largest players of world trade in agri-food products. The EU countries held comparative advantages in the global market as regards exports of products of animal origin whereas the exports of cereals, preparations of cereals, oilseeds and oleaginous fruits and meat products were the source of revealed comparative advantages for the US. Both the EU countries and the US reached high comparative advantages in trade in those assortment groups which corresponded to their highest shares in global exports and generated a high, consistently increasing positive trade balance. Therefore, their comparative advantages were the source of their favourable export specialisation profile, which is consistent with the classical comparative costs principle.

Growth and Productivity Accounts from EU KLEMS: An Overview

2007 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 64-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel P. Timmer ◽  
Mary O'Mahony ◽  
Bart van Ark
Keyword(s):  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Us ◽  
Eu And Us ◽  
The Eu

This paper gives an overview of the construction of and preliminary results from the EU KLEMS database which contains industry estimates of output, input and productivity growth for EU countries. The paper begins with a discussion of methodology and data sources covering output and intermediates, capital and labour services. The content and scope of the database is then briefly described. This is followed by a discussion of preliminary results focusing on comparisons between the EU and US. These confirm the relatively poor productivity performance of the EU relative to the US since the mid-1990s, mostly driven by low productivity growth in market services.

THE POSITION OF PRODUCTS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN IN POLISH AGRI-FOOD TRADE

2017 ◽  
Vol XIX (5) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Bułkowska
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Competitive Position ◽  
Food Trade ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Import Restrictions ◽  
Structure Of Trade ◽  
Meat Sector

The aim of the paper is to present the position of meat and dairy industries in the Polish agri-food trade in 2010-2016. The paper analyzes the changes in the geographical and commodity structure of trade in selected products in relation to the entire agri-food sector as well as evaluates their competitive position based on the comparative advantage (RCA) indicator. Analyzes has shown that despite import restrictions, the meat sector is crucial for the Polish food industry. It corresponds to about 20% of exports and generates 1/3 of surplus in trade in agri-food products. The fastest growing sector in Poland is the poultry industry, which has gradually increased its comparative advantages in analyzed period.

scholarly journals Comparative advantages in Polish export to the European Union — food products vs selected groups of non-food products

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-308
Author(s):  
Iwona Szczepaniak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Food Products ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Research Period ◽  
The Eu

Research background: Globalisation and economic integration are the reasons for which the competitiveness of economic entities is analysed more and more often in the context of their relations with the international market. One of the ways to assess the competitiveness of the Polish food sector is an analysis of comparative (relative) advantages in the export of this sector’s products. Purpose of the article: The objective of this paper is to assess comparative advantages in Polish export of food products to the European Union against a background of selected groups of non-food products. Methods: The study used the B. Balassa’s revealed comparative advantage (RCA) index. The study is preceded by a brief review of foreign trade results. The source of data was the WITS-Comtrade commercial database. The analysis was carried out at the level of the HS sections (in commodity terms). The research period covered the years 2003–2015. Findings & Value added: In the years 2003–2015, export of food increased nearly six times and its import — more than 4.5 times. The major partners of Poland as regards trade in food were the EU countries. The food sector was one of few sectors of the economy with the positive trade balance. Polish export to the EU was characterised by a diversified level of comparative advantages. From among 20 HS sections, in 2015 Poland had comparative advantages in export to the EU countries for products from 10 sections (2 food and 8 non-food). Those products accounted for 11% and 70% of Polish export to the EU, respectively. The development of Polish foreign trade in food products during the Polish membership in the EU as well as fairly high comparative advantages in the export of these products to the EU indicate the competitiveness and significant importance of the Polish food sector for the national economy.

scholarly journals Przewagi komparatywne USA w eksporcie wybranych surowców roślinnych na Jednolity Rynek Europejski

2018 ◽  
Vol 18(33) (4) ◽  
pp. 370-381
Author(s):  
Karolina Pawlak ◽  
Dawid Jabkowski
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Total Revenue ◽  
Coverage Ratio ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Single European Market ◽  
The Us ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Export Shares ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the paper was to assess the US comparative advantages in the export of selected plant raw materials to the Single European Market (SEM) against the major EU producers and exporters of analysed product groups in 2003-2017. The research is based on the data from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) resources. The following indicators were used in the comparative advantage analysis: the Revealed Comparative Advantage Indexes (XRCA, MRCA, RTA), the Coverage Ratio (CR), the Specialization Indicator (SI), Intra-Industry Trade Index (IIT) and the export shares. It was proved that the US had strong comparative advantages in the export of fruits and nuts, as well as oil seeds and oleaginous fruits to the SEM. These product groups gave the US almost 25% and more than 15% of the total revenue from the export of agri-food products to the EU countries, respectively.

scholarly journals Comparative advantages in Polish export to the European Union — food products vs selected groups of non-food products

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-308
Author(s):  
Iwona Szczepaniak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Food Products ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Research Period ◽  
The Eu

Research background: Globalisation and economic integration are the reasons for which the competitiveness of economic entities is analysed more and more often in the context of their relations with the international market. One of the ways to assess the competitiveness of the Polish food sector is an analysis of comparative (relative) advantages in the export of this sector’s products. Purpose of the article: The objective of this paper is to assess comparative advantages in Polish export of food products to the European Union against a background of selected groups of non-food products. Methods: The study used the B. Balassa’s revealed comparative advantage (RCA) index. The study is preceded by a brief review of foreign trade results. The source of data was the WITS-Comtrade commercial database. The analysis was carried out at the level of the HS sections (in commodity terms). The research period covered the years 2003–2015. Findings & Value added: In the years 2003–2015, export of food increased nearly six times and its import — more than 4.5 times. The major partners of Poland as regards trade in food were the EU countries. The food sector was one of few sectors of the economy with the positive trade balance. Polish export to the EU was characterised by a diversified level of comparative advantages. From among 20 HS sections, in 2015 Poland had comparative advantages in export to the EU countries for products from 10 sections (2 food and 8 non-food). Those products accounted for 11% and 70% of Polish export to the EU, respectively. The development of Polish foreign trade in food products during the Polish membership in the EU as well as fairly high comparative advantages in the export of these products to the EU indicate the competitiveness and significant importance of the Polish food sector for the national economy.

Russian Policy of Agriculture Support and the Necessity of Its Modification after WTO Accession

2012 ◽  
pp. 132-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Uzun
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
World Trade ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Wto Accession ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Agriculture Support

The article deals with the features of the Russian policy of agriculture support in comparison with the EU and the US policies. Comparative analysis is held considering the scales and levels of collective agriculture support, sources of supporting means, levels and mechanisms of support of agricultural production manufacturers, its consumers, agrarian infrastructure establishments, manufacturers and consumers of each of the principal types of agriculture production. The author makes an attempt to estimate the consequences of Russia’s accession to the World Trade Organization based on a hypothesis that this will result in unification of the manufacturers and consumers’ protection levels in Russia with the countries that have long been WTO members.

scholarly journals Competitiveness analysis of Czech agrarian foreign trade in the context of world agrarian market and agrarian trade of EU-27 countries

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 503-514
Author(s):  
Miroslav Svatoš ◽  
Luboš Smutka
Keyword(s):  
World Market ◽  
View Point ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Bcg Matrix ◽  
The World ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Balassa Index ◽  
The Eu

This paper analyses the commodity structure of Czech (CR) agrarian trade in relation to the EU countries. An emphasis is put on comparative advantages of particular aggregations from the view-point of their application on the EU internal market. This analysis is based on an evaluation of comparative advantages by means of a modified Balassa index. It is studied in two stages, for the internal EU market and the world market. The analysis results are then shown in a graph. Subsequently, the authors implement an idea arising from a BCG matrix on the results of the graphic presentation. The aim is to identify those aggregations (SITC, rev. 3) which are or have a potential to be a pillar of agri-business (ie, the “cash cows” and “stars”), and vice versa to show the aggregation which are non-prospective in the long term or problematic (ie, the “dogs” and “problem children”). As start are identified as those aggregations which are characterised by the highest growth rate of comparative advantage value. From the analysis results, changes are apparent if we compare the CR trade commodity structure in relation to the EU countries. Findings also concern the development of comparative advantages and following CR specialisation on trade with certain aggregations.

scholarly journals Drivers of the duration of comparative advantage in the European Union’s agri-food exports

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojnec Stefan ◽  
Ferto Imre
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Global Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
The Eu

The article investigates the duration of comparative advantage indices in the European Union (EU-27) agri-food exports using the normalised revealed comparative advantage index on the global market. There is employed both a descriptive analysis of the duration of comparative advantage, and examined the major drivers using discrete-time duration models with proper controls for unobserved heterogeneity. The robustness of the models is tested with alternative estimation procedures and sub-samples. Estimations show that the comparative advantages for most agri-food products survived for a certain number of years, but a high percentage of them have a shorter duration. Larger trade costs decrease the probability of survival in comparative advantages, while the level of economic development, the size of the country, the agri-food export diversification, and being a new EU member state increases it. Implications for the EU-27 member states and agri-food policies are suggested in the conclusion.

scholarly journals LABOUR PROVISIONS IN EU AND US MEGA-REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS: RHETORIC AND REALITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-253
Author(s):  
Billy Melo Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Regional Trade Agreements ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
The Us ◽  
Labour Standards ◽  
Eu And Us ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe EU and the US have long called for the linking of trade and labour standards in trade agreements at both the multilateral and bilateral level. This article examines their practice of including labour provisions in trade agreements, with a particular focus on recent attempts to include such provisions on so-called ‘mega-regionals’, which were presented by their proponents as providing the benchmark for labour protection in future trade agreements. It discusses the rationale behind the inclusion of such provisions and their practical limitations, and examines the extent to which mega-regionals address these limitations. It is argued that whilst the EU and the US have been keen advocates for trade-labour linkages, there has also been an unwillingness to convert this rhetoric into practice, raising questions about the extent of their commitment to these values.

Identification of Comparative Advantages of Agricultural Products and Products of Processed Food Sector of Serbia

2017 ◽  
pp. 59-80
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
International Market ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Developmental Problems ◽  
The Third ◽  
Comparative Advantages

In the third chapter, the authors were studying the competitiveness and comparative advantage of agricultural products and products of processed food sector of Serbia on international market. Readers will be familiar with the foreign trade exchange of agricultural products and products of processed food sector in the period 2005-2015. They will find out for which products the indices of comparative advantage of export have a positive value and will understand the connection with a surplus in foreign trade exchange of agricultural products and products of processed food sector. Readers will be informed on products that prevail in export, i.e. will perceive the export potential of Serbian food industry. They will see which sectors aren't sufficiently propulsive and need to provide an adequate support in the future. Readers will be familiar with developmental problems of agri-food sector of other countries and will understand the significance of transfer of knowledge and experience in the development of processed food sector of Serbia.

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