scholarly journals Changes in land use for production of energy crops in Poland

2017 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludwik Wicki
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Direct Competition ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Materials Used

The goal of the article is to evaluate whether production of modern biofuels in Poland competes with food production. CSO and AMA data have been used in the analysis. The data in question refers to the area of arable land in Poland, yields and livestock as well as renewable energy production structure and quantity and production of biodiesel, bioethanol and agricultural biogas. Data concerning quantity of raw materials used for production of the agricultural biogas have been accessed from AMA . Data for 2005-2016 have been collected. Production of bioenergy based on agricultural raw materials has significantly increased. From 2005 to 2016, it increased from 5 to 42 TJ . Approximately 92% of bioenergy from agricultural sources are bioethanol and biodiesel produced from the first generation of raw materials, the production of which is in direct competition with food production. The share of biogas was 8% only. Waste constituted 75% in the raw materials used to produce biogas. The area of production of energy crops has reached 5.6% of arable land in 2016 from 1.5% in 2005. It means that in Poland production of bioenergy from agricultural sources competes with food and feed production and its further increase is not desirable. Actions focused on the increased use of the second generation raw materials for energy production and decreased use of food raw materials should be taken.

scholarly journals The Utilization of Rapeseed for Biofuels Production in the EU

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iveta Zentková ◽  
Eva Cvengrošová
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Rapeseed Production ◽  
National Governments ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Biofuels production has risen rapidly in the past decade. Growing tendency can be expected in the future if national governments will continue in achievement of higher share of ‘green energy’. Diversification and self-sufficiency in energy and environmental aspects should underpin national and international policy. Consumption of biofuels in the transport sector has been significantly increasing since 2000. Biofuels produced in the EU are mostly first-generation biofuels, mainly produced from agricultural raw materials. The aim of the article is utilization assessment of the main agriculture crop used in biofuels production in the EU, which is rapeseed. For achievement of the research objective have been used analysis methods, basic statistical indices, the share of rapeseed production used in industrial purposes estimation and self - sufficiency index. The results of the research confirm authors’ expectations concerning shifting of agricultural production primarily intended for food and feed production to industrial purposes due to continually growing demand for biofuels.

scholarly journals Levels of Indicator Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Raw Materials Used for Feed Production

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowena Anamaria CHELEMAN ◽  
Maria TOFANA ◽  
Liana Claudia SALANŢĂ ◽  
Delia TRUŢA
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Marked Decline ◽  
Materials Used

Polychlorinated biphenyls have been used as lubricants, insulators, heat conductors and fireretardants; due to their elasticity they have also been widely used in varnishing. Currently their use is in marked decline because of their toxicity and were banned under the Sotckholm Convention (Rossi et. al., 2010).

DETERMINANTS OF THE SELECTION OF RAW MATERIALS USED IN ANIMAL FEED PRODUCTION

2020 ◽  
Vol XXII (2) ◽  
pp. 191-199
Author(s):  
Magdalena Śmiglak-Krajewska
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Selection Of

The main purpose of this paper was to identify the factors affecting the selection of raw materials used by feed operators in feed production. An attempt was also made to indicate the barriers to increasing the use of native protein plants by feed operators in feed production. Today, many EU countries (including Poland) primarily rely on vegetable protein derived from genetically modified soya bean meal (mainly imported from South America and the U.S.) in addressing their needs for protein raw material used in animal feed. For many years now, Poland has taken steps to increase the production and use of native protein raw material to partially replace soya bean meal imports. The use of mixes of diverse domestic protein sources derived from grain legumes (peas, field beans, lupine) can provide an advantageous alternative to compound feeding stuff based on imported post-extraction soya bean meal. To meet the objective defined above, this paper relied on the results of a 2018 survey conducted with a sample of 29 feed operators located across the country. More than half (55%) of the enterprises surveyed did not use legumes in feed production; the use of legumes was above 10% in only 3% of respondents. When asked about the key factors affecting the selection of raw materials used in production processes, the respondents declared to be interested in buying large batches of homogeneous raw materials that meet specific quality parameters (33% replied “rather yes” and 67% replied “definitely yes”). The protein content of plant seeds used in feed production was identified as another aspect of extreme importance (55% replied “rather yes” and 24% replied “definitely yes”).

scholarly journals Minimization of energy production management consumptions

2021 ◽  
Vol 289 ◽  
pp. 07013
Author(s):  
I U Rakhmonov ◽  
V Ya Ushakov ◽  
A M Najimova ◽  
D. A. Jalilova ◽  
F B Omonov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Energy System ◽  
The State ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Economic Mechanism ◽  
Control Goal ◽  
Materials Used

The article discusses the issue of organizing management of a constantly operating object distributed in space and developing arbitrarily, while the organization of management should be optimal according to the criterion - the maximum return (income) on the invested funds (equipment) and the raw materials used. An energy system with well-known engineering concepts is used occasionally as an example. Particular attention is paid to the issue of the reliability of such an object, its significance for the state economic mechanism. The article provides a specific sequence for formulating the control goal based on parametric (measuring) information.

scholarly journals Biorefineries – factories of the future

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej B. Kołtuniewicz ◽  
Katarzyna Dąbkowska
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Potential Risks

Abstract Efforts were made to demonstrate that in biorefineries it is possible to manufacture all the commodities required for maintaining human civilisation on the current level. Biorefineries are based on processing biomass resulting from photosynthesis. From sugars, oils and proteins, a variety of food, feed, nutrients, pharmaceuticals, polymers, chemicals and fuels can further be produced. Production in biorefineries must be based on a few rules to fulfil sustainable development: all raw materials are derived from biomass, all products are biodegradable and production methods are in accordance with the principles of Green Chemistry and Clean Technology. The paper presents a summary of state-of-the-art concerning biorefineries, production methods and product range of leading companies in the world that are already implemented. Potential risks caused by the development of biorefineries, such as: insecurities of food and feed production, uncontrolled changes in global production profiles, monocultures, eutrophication, etc., were also highlighted in this paper. It was stressed that the sustainable development is not only an alternative point of view but is our condition to survive.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF BIOFUELS PRODUCTION FROM AGRICULTURAL RAW MATERIALS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludwik WICKI Ludwik WICKI
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Reduction Of Co2

The aim of the article is to assess the dynamics of the development of biofuels production from agricultural raw materials and the share of biofuels in the consumption of the most important agricultural raw materials with particular regard to the situation in Poland. Data used in the study are derived from OECD statistics as well as CSO statistics. The analysis covered the period from 2005 to 2016. The biofuel production on a global scale is increasingly competing with food production. Between 2002 and 2004, about 2% of harvested cereals were allocated to biofuels, and in 2016 it was almost 8%. For oil plants, this level reached 15%. Following a dynamic growth in biofuel production between 2005 and 2010, the growth slowed down considerably - to the level of 7% annually for biodiesel and 4.6% annually for bioethanol production. For the years 2017-2025, a growth rate of about 1% per year is anticipated. The slowdown in production growth is due to the reduction of political support for the development of the production of biofuels from first generation raw materials. Their production leads to competition for land resources with food production, but it has also been found to be characterized by relatively low environmental performance, including a low impact on the reduction of CO2 emissions. It is necessary to develop the production of second generation biofuels which now account for only about 7% of the production of liquid biofuels. Biofuels in Poland are produced from cereals and rapeseed oil. The production of biofuels in Poland increased from 180 million litres in 2005 to 1.2 billion litres in 2015. 1.3% of arable land was used for bioethanol production and 3.5% for biodiesel production. Total production of raw materials for biofuels was conducted on 5% of arable land in Poland. 2% of cereals and 60% of the rape crop were consumed for the production of biofuels. Under Polish agriculture conditions, biofuels production does not compete with food production yet.

scholarly journals An Alternative Approach to Evaluate the Quality of Protein-Based Raw Materials for Dry Pet Food

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 458
Author(s):  
Nicolò Montegiove ◽  
Roberto Maria Pellegrino ◽  
Carla Emiliani ◽  
Alessia Pellegrino ◽  
Leonardo Leonardi
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Protein Component ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Pet Food ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Bradford Assay ◽  
Materials Used

The majority of dry pet food currently on the market is produced using fresh meats (FMs) and especially meat meals (MMs) as the main protein source. The transport and storage conditions of the raw materials, together with thermal and mechanical treatments in the case of MMs, may result in undesirable alterations of food products and their protein content. This study was conducted to analyze the protein component of three different kinds of raw materials used for dry pet food production, i.e., chicken, pork, and salmon. The quantitative analysis of the protein component was determined using the traditional Kjeldahl method and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, and an alternative method, i.e., the Bradford assay, while the qualitative analysis was performed through SDS-PAGE, followed by Coomassie Blue staining. The amino acid (AA) profile was also evaluated by quadrupole time-of-flight liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (Q-TOF LC/MS). In addition, the digestibility was tested through in vitro gastric and small intestine digestion simulation. Statistical analysis was performed by the Student’s t-test, and data are reported as mean ± SEM, n = 10 (p < 0.05). The results showed that the MMs are lower in quality compared to FMs, both in terms of protein bioavailability and digestibility, having a lower soluble protein (SP) content (chicken MM = 8.6 g SP/100 g dry sample; pork MM = 6.2 g SP/100 g dry sample; salmon MM = 7.9 g SP/100 g dry sample) compared to FMs (chicken FM = 14.6 g SP/100 g dry sample; pork FM = 15.1 g SP/100 g dry sample; salmon FM = 13.7 g SP/100 g dry sample). FMs appear, therefore, to be higher-quality ingredients for pet food production. Moreover, the Bradford assay proved to be a quick and simple method to better estimate protein bioavailability in the raw materials used for dry pet food production, thanks to its correlation with the in vitro digestibility.

scholarly journals Insect Farming for Feed and Food Production from a Circular Business Model Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 5418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio A. Madau ◽  
Brunella Arru ◽  
Roberto Furesi ◽  
Pietro Pulina
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Insects As Food

The studies focused on the use of insects have outlined numerous reasons for using insects as food and feed as an important method to increase food opportunities for consumers. Insects have been emphasized as a food source with a low environmental impact due to the limited requirement for arable land and water, low ecological cost, and high-quality protein provision. In Europe and Western countries, insect farming is a growing business in which, however, some critical economic aspects must be recognized. The sector needs to be adequately promoted to rationally exploit the huge amount of potential. As such, the aim of this study was to analyze the recent research on economic aspects related to insect farming for feed and food production with the purpose of providing evidence of the critical economic points in this emerging sector. The focus was mainly oriented to understanding how insect farming can foster virtuous circular economic processes, specifically considering economic aspects on the basis of the limited literature currently available and the circular economic principles. A circular business model approach was proposed to address the entire insect-based feed and food supply chain from a circular economic perspective. In our opinion, the findings underline some economic research questions that need to be addressed in the near future, and the conceptual approach can be individualized to help increase cost- and eco-effectiveness from a circular economic perspective.

scholarly journals Seaweeds as a Fermentation Substrate: A Challenge for the Food Processing Industry

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1953
Author(s):  
Pedro Monteiro ◽  
Silvia Lomartire ◽  
João Cotas ◽  
Diana Pacheco ◽  
João C. Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Novel Foods ◽  
Probiotic Potential ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Bioactive Content ◽  
Fermentation Substrate

Seaweeds are gaining momentum as novel and functional food and feed products. From whole consumption to small bioactive compounds, seaweeds have remarkable flexibility in their applicability, ranging from food production to fertilizers or usages in chemical industries. Regarding food production, there is an increasing interest in the development of novel foods that, at the same time, present high nutritious content and are sustainably developed. Seaweeds, because they require no arable land, no usage of fresh water, and they have high nutritious and bioactive content, can be further explored for the development of newer and functional food products. Fermentation, especially performed by lactic acid bacteria, is a method used to produce functional foods. However, fermentation of seaweed biomass remains an underdeveloped topic that nevertheless demonstrates high potential for the production of new alimentary products that hold and further improve the organoleptic and beneficial properties that these organisms are characterized for. Although further research has to be deployed in this field, the prebiotic and probiotic potential demonstrated by fermented seaweed can boost the development of new functional foods.

scholarly journals Üç Boyutlu (3D) Yazıcı Teknolojisi ile Gıda Üretimine Genel Bakış

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 593
Author(s):  
Celalettin Değerli ◽  
Sedef Nehir El
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
3D Printing Technology ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Food Printing

Three dimensional (3D) printing technology, have been quite popular in recent years. It came out first in the area of material production, but now, it has been applied on the other possible fields like food production. In this review, historical period of 3D printing, 3D printer types and working principles, studies on 3D food printing until today and the raw materials used in this studies were investigated. Studies on food printing was also categorised according to food types. Also, the impacts of 3D printing technology on food sector from the point of producer and consumer and future needs were discussed.

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