scholarly journals Experimental Trichinellosis in rats: Peritoneal macrophage activity

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisa Gruden-Movsesijan ◽  
Ljiljana Sofronic-Milosavljevic
Keyword(s):  
Immune Status ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Mannose Receptor ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
No Production ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Macrophage Activity ◽  
Life Cycle Stages ◽  
Dynamic Shift

The influence of Trichinella spiralis infection on macrophage activity in rats during the first 28 days of infection was examined by measuring the production of NO and IL-6, as well as the expression of mannose receptor on the surface of peritoneal macrophages. During the course of a dynamic shift in the 3 life-cycle stages of the parasite, intermittent variations in NO production were observed but ended with increased values that coincided with the highest values for IL-6 release in the final, muscle phase of infection. No change in mannose receptor expression was observed during the course of infection. These results confirm that the Trichinella spiralis infection provokes changes in macrophage activity that could influence not only the course of the parasitic disease but also the overall immune status of the host.

scholarly journals Effect ofTityus serrulatusvenom on cytokine production and the activity of murine macrophages

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera L. Petricevich
Keyword(s):  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
No Production ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Macrophage Activity ◽  
Ifn Γ

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects ofTityus serrulatusvenom (TSV) on murine peritoneal macrophages evaluated in terms of activation. The effects of crude TSV were analysed by detection of cytokines, oxygen intermediate metabolites (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) in supernatants of peritoneal macrophages. Several functional bioassays were employed including anin vitromodel for envenomating: cytotoxicity of TSV was assessed using the lyses percentage. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) activity was assayed by measuring its cytotoxic activity on L-929 cells, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, whereas NO levels were detected by Griess colorimetric reactions in culture supernatant of macrophages incubated with TSV and subsequently exposed to either lipopolysaccharide or IFN-γ. Incubation of macrophages with TSV increased production of IL-6 and IFN-γ in a dose-dependent manner. TNF production was not detected in supernatants treated with TSV at any concentration. The increase in IL-6 secretion was not associated with concentration-dependent cytoxicity of TSV on these cells. These data suggest that the cytotoxicity does not appear to be the main cause of an increased cytokine production by these cells. Although NO is an important effector molecule in macrophage microbicidal activity, the inducing potential of the test compounds for its release was found to be very moderate, ranging from 125 to 800 mM. Interestingly, NO levels of peritoneal macrophages were increased after IFN-γ. Moreover, NO production had an apparent effect on macrophage activity. The results obtained here also shown that the TSV induces an important elevation in H2O2release. These results combined with NO production suggest that TSV possesses significant immunomodulatory activities capable of stimulating immune functionsin vitro.

scholarly journals In vivo inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase by aminoguanidine influences free radicals production and macrophage activity in Trichinella spiralis infected low responders (C57BL/6) and high responders (BALB/c) mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kołodziej-Sobocińska ◽  
B. Machnicka-Rowińska
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Macrophage Activity ◽  
Low Responders ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
High Responders ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide

AbstractThe influence of aminoguanidine (AG) — inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), on macrophage activity and free radicals level was examined during Trichinella spiralis infection in two strains of mice: C57BL/6 and BALB/c. AG was administered either between 1–5 days post infection (dpi) for intestinal phase examinations or between 16–29 dpi for muscle phase examinations. The number of peritoneal macrophages and level of nitric oxide NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in biological fluids were determined in both strains after infection or infection together with AG treatment as well as in control uninfected mice. The performed studies have proved, that free radicals play role in host immune response during intestinal and muscle phase of T.spiralis infection in mice. Inflammatory response in peritoneal cavity was delayed during infection in low responders C57BL/6 mice in comparison with high responders BALB/c mice. C57BL/6 mice are Th-1 like strain and react stronger to AG in contrary to BALB/c being Th-2 like strain. It was manifested as changes and fluctuations of free radicals levels and in the number of peritoneal macrophages after AG treatment in C57BL/6 mice. A weak or no reaction on AG injection in BALB/c mice is responsible for more stable and more effective defense response of the host to T. spiralis infection.

scholarly journals Infection With Trypanosoma Lewisi or Trypanosoma Musculi May Promote The Spread of Toxoplasma Gondii

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang-Mei Gao ◽  
Si-Qi Yi ◽  
Guo-Qing Geng ◽  
Zhi-Shen Xu ◽  
Geoff Hide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
No Production ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Trypanosoma Lewisi ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Globally Distributed ◽  
Laboratory Models

Abstract Background: Toxoplasma gondii can infect almost all warm-blooded vertebrates with pathogensis being largely influenced by the host immune status. As important epidemiological hosts, rodents are globally distributed and are also commonly found infected with haemoflagellates, such as those in the genus Trypanosoma. We here address whether and how co-infection with trypanosomes can influence T. gondii infection in laboratory models. Results: Rats of five strains, co-infected with T. lewisi, and mice of four strains, co-infected with T. musculi, were found to be more or less susceptible to T. gondii infection, respectively, with corresponding increased or decreased brain cyst burdens. Down-regulation of iNOS expression and decreased NO production or reverse were observed in the peritoneal macrophages of rats or mice, infected with trypanosomes, respectively.Conclusions: Trypanosoma lewisi and T. musculi can modulate host immune responses, either by enhancement or suppression, and influence the outcome of Toxoplasma infection.

scholarly journals Involvement of the Mannose Receptor in Infection of Macrophages by Influenza Virus

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 5190-5197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick C. Reading ◽  
Joanna L. Miller ◽  
E. Margot Anders
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Mdck Cells ◽  
Mannose Receptor ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
Murine Macrophages ◽  
Macrophage Mannose Receptor ◽  
Infectious Entry

ABSTRACT Influenza viruses A/PR/8/34 (PR8; H1N1), A/Aichi/68 X-31 (HKx31; H3N2), and A/Beijing/89 X-109 (BJx109; H3N2) show marked differences in their ability to infect murine macrophages, including resident alveolar and peritoneal macrophages as well as the macrophage-derived cell line J774. The hierarchy in infectivity of the viruses (PR8 < HKx31 < BJx109) resembles that of their reactivity with mannose-binding lectins of the collectin family. Since the macrophage mannose receptor recognizes the same spectrum of monosaccharides as the collectins do, we investigated the possible involvement of this receptor in infection of macrophages by influenza virus. In competitive binding studies, the binding of 125I-labeled mannosylated bovine serum albumin to macrophages was inhibited by the purified hemagglutinin and neuraminidase (HANA) glycoproteins of influenza virus but not by HANA that had been treated with periodate to oxidize its oligosaccharide side chains. The inhibitory activity of HANA from the three strains of virus differed markedly and correlated with the infectivity of each virus for macrophages. Infection of macrophages, but not MDCK cells, by influenza virus was inhibited by yeast mannan. A variant line of J774 cells, J774E, which expresses elevated levels of the mannose receptor, was more readily infected than J774, and the sensitivity of J774E cells to infection was greatly reduced by culture in the presence of d-mannose, which down-modulated mannose receptor expression. Together, the data implicate the mannose receptor as a major endocytic receptor in the infectious entry of influenza virus, and perhaps other enveloped viruses, into murine macrophages.

scholarly journals Modulation of Macrophages M1/M2 Polarization Using Carbohydrate-Functionalized Polymeric Nanoparticles

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Raquel G. D. Andrade ◽  
Bruno Reis ◽  
Benjamin Costas ◽  
Sofia A. Costa Lima ◽  
Salette Reis
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Interaction Mechanism ◽  
Mannose Receptor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Polymeric Nanocarriers ◽  
Efficient Delivery

Exploiting surface endocytosis receptors using carbohydrate-conjugated nanocarriers brings outstanding approaches to an efficient delivery towards a specific target. Macrophages are cells of innate immunity found throughout the body. Plasticity of macrophages is evidenced by alterations in phenotypic polarization in response to stimuli, and is associated with changes in effector molecules, receptor expression, and cytokine profile. M1-polarized macrophages are involved in pro-inflammatory responses while M2 macrophages are capable of anti-inflammatory response and tissue repair. Modulation of macrophages’ activation state is an effective approach for several disease therapies, mediated by carbohydrate-coated nanocarriers. In this review, polymeric nanocarriers targeting macrophages are described in terms of production methods and conjugation strategies, highlighting the role of mannose receptor in the polarization of macrophages, and targeting approaches for infectious diseases, cancer immunotherapy, and prevention. Translation of this nanomedicine approach still requires further elucidation of the interaction mechanism between nanocarriers and macrophages towards clinical applications.

scholarly journals Absence of Bim sensitizes mice to experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Hernández-Torres ◽  
Rogério Silva do Nascimento ◽  
Monica Cardozo Rebouças ◽  
Alexandra Cassado ◽  
Kely Catarine Matteucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
No Production ◽  
Similar Reduction ◽  
Ifn Γ

AbstractChagas disease is a life-threatening disorder caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Parasite-specific antibodies, CD8+ T cells, as well as IFN-γ and nitric oxide (NO) are key elements of the adaptive and innate immunity against the extracellular and intracellular forms of the parasite. Bim is a potent pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family implicated in different aspects of the immune regulation, such as negative selection of self-reactive thymocytes and elimination of antigen-specific T cells at the end of an immune response. Interestingly, the role of Bim during infections remains largely unidentified. To explore the role of Bim in Chagas disease, we infected WT, Bim+/−, Bim−/− mice with trypomastigotes forms of the Y strain of T. cruzi. Strikingly, our data revealed that Bim−/− mice exhibit a delay in the development of parasitemia followed by a deficiency in the control of parasite load in the bloodstream and a decreased survival compared to WT and Bim+/− mice. At the peak of parasitemia, peritoneal macrophages of Bim−/− mice exhibit decreased NO production, which correlated with a decrease in the pro-inflammatory Small Peritoneal Macrophage (SPM) subset. A similar reduction in NO secretion, as well as in the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-6, was also observed in Bim−/− splenocytes. Moreover, an impaired anti-T. cruzi CD8+ T-cell response was found in Bim−/− mice at this time point. Taken together, our results suggest that these alterations may contribute to the establishment of a delayed yet enlarged parasitic load observed at day 9 after infection of Bim−/− mice and place Bim as an important protein in the control of T. cruzi infections.

scholarly journals Green Brazilian Propolis Action on Macrophages and Lymphoid Organs of Chronically Stressed Mice

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiane Missima ◽  
José Maurício Sforcin
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
No Production ◽  
Generic Term ◽  
Brazilian Propolis ◽  
Immunomodulatory Action ◽  
New Research

Stress is a generic term that summarizes how psychosocial and environmental factors influence physical and mental well-being. The interaction between stress and immunity has been widely investigated, involving the neuroendocrine system and several organs. Assays using natural products in stress models deserve further investigation. Propolis immunomodulatory action has been mentioned and it has been the subject of scientific investigation in our laboratory. The aim of this study was to evaluate if and how propolis activated macrophages in BALB/c mice submitted to immobilization stress, as well as the histopathological analysis of the thymus, bone marrow, spleen and adrenal glands. Stressed mice showed a higher hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation by peritoneal macrophages, and propolis treatment potentiated H2O2generation and inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production by these cells. Histopathological analysis showed no alterations in the thymus, bone marrow and adrenal glands, but increased germinal centers in the spleen. Propolis treatment counteracted the alterations found in the spleen of stressed mice. New research is being carried out in order to elucidate propolis immunomodulatory action during stress.

scholarly journals Dietary Fucose Affects Macrophage Polarization and Reproductive Performance in Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 855
Author(s):  
Ekaterina A. Litvinova ◽  
Victoria D. Bets ◽  
Natalya A. Feofanova ◽  
Olga V. Gvozdeva ◽  
Kseniya M. Achasova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
M2 Macrophage ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Intestinal Mucus

Intestinal mucus protects epithelial and immune cells from the gut resident microorganisms, and provides growth-promoting factors as mucus-derived O-glycans for beneficial bacteria. A lack of intestinal protective mucus results in changes in the commensal microflora composition, mucosal immune system reprogramming, and inflammation. Previous work has shown that fucose, the terminal glycan chain component of the intestinal glycoprotein Mucin2, and fucoidan polysaccharides have an anti-inflammatory effect in some mouse models of colitis. This study evaluates the effect of fucose on reproductive performance in heterozygous mutant Muc2 female mice. We found that even though Muc2+/− females are physiologically indistinguishable from C57Bl/6 mice, they have a significantly reduced reproductive performance upon dietary fucose supplementation. Metagenomic analysis reveals that the otherwise healthy wild-type siblings of Muc2−/− animals have reduced numbers of some of the intestinal commensal bacterial species, compared to C57BL/6 mice. We propose that the changes in beneficial microflora affect the immune status in Muc2+/− mice, which causes implantation impairment. In accordance with this hypothesis, we find that macrophage polarization during pregnancy is impaired in Muc2+/− females upon addition of fucose. Metabolic profiling of peritoneal macrophages from Muc2+/− females reveals their predisposition towards anaerobic glycolysis in favor of oxidative phosphorylation, compared to C57BL/6-derived cells. In vitro experiments on phagocytosis activity and mitochondrial respiration suggest that fucose affects oxidative phosphorylation in a genotype-specific manner, which might interfere with implantation depending on the initial status of macrophages. This hypothesis is further confirmed in BALB/c female mice, where fucose caused pregnancy loss and opposed implantation-associated M2 macrophage polarization. Taken together, these data suggest that intestinal microflora affects host immunity and pregnancy outcome. At the same time, dietary fucose might act as a differential regulator of macrophage polarization during implantation, depending on the immune status of the host.

Abstract 112: Myeloid Mineralocorticoid Receptor Controls Inflammatory and Fibrotic Responses After Renal Ischemic Injury via Macrophage Interleukin-4 Receptor

Hypertension ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonatan Barrera-Chimal ◽  
Sebastian M Lechner ◽  
Soumaya E Moghrabi ◽  
Peter Kolkhof ◽  
Frédéric Jaisser
Keyword(s):  
Mineralocorticoid Receptor ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Renal Ischemia ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Kidney Fibrosis

Introduction: Patients who survive an episode of acute kidney injury (AKI) are at high risk of de novo chronic kidney disease (CKD) development. Pharmacological mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonism is useful to prevent CKD after a single episode of ischemic AKI in the rat. Objective: Test the involvement of myeloid MR in the development of kidney fibrosis after an ischemic AKI episode. Methods: We included 18 male C57/B6 mice that were divided in: sham, renal ischemia for 22.5 min and IR plus treatment with the non-steroidal MR antagonist finerenone (10 mg/kg) at -48, -24 and -1 h before IR. MR inactivation in myeloid cells (MR MyKO ) was achieved by crossing mice with the MR alleles flanked by loxP sites (MR f/f ) with mice expressing the Cre recombinase under the LysM promoter activity. In MR f/f and MR MyKO mice we induced renal IR of 22.5 min or sham surgery. The mice were followed-up during 4 weeks to test for AKI to CKD transition. In another set of mice, the macrophages were sorted from kidneys after 24 h of reperfusion and flow cytometry characterization or mRNA extraction was performed. Thyoglycolate elicited peritoneal macrophages were used for in vitro studies. Results: The progression of AKI to CKD after 4 weeks of renal ischemia in the untreated C57/B6 and MR f/f mice was characterized by a 50% increase in plasma creatinine, a 2-fold increase in the mRNA levels of TGF-β and fibronectin as well as by severe tubule-interstitial fibrosis. The mice that received finerenone or MR MyKO mice were protected against these alterations. Increased expression of M2-anti-inflamatory markers in kidney-isolated macrophages from finerenone-treated or MR MyKO mice was observed. The inflammatory population of Ly6C high macrophages was reduced by 50%. In peritoneal macrophages in culture, MR inhibition promoted increased IL-4 receptor expression and activation, facilitating macrophage polarization to an M2 phenotype. Conclusion: MR antagonism or myeloid MR deficiency facilitates macrophage polarization to a M2, anti-inflammatory phenotype after kidney IR, preventing maladaptive repair and chronic kidney fibrosis and dysfunction. MR inhibition acts through the modulation of IL-4 receptor signaling to facilitate macrophage phenotype switching.

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