scholarly journals Carcinoid syndrome in neuroendocrine tumors - not easy to recognize

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Milos Bjelovic
Keyword(s):  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Carcinoid Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Medical Doctor ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Potentially Malignant ◽  
The Right ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) are solid potentially malignant tumors originated from the diffuse neuroendocrine system. They could origin in many organs, with highest prevalence in lungs, small intestine and rectum. Characteristics of NET are slow growth, non-specific clinical presentation causing diagnostic problems. Thus, in majority of patients diagnosis is established in the metastatic phase of the disease. Hopefully, there are new and very potent treatment options capable to successfully control the disease. Clinical presentation cause local tumor growth or para-neoplastic syndrome. Secretory active tumors produce peptides or hormones causing different clinical syndromes. In most cases NET cause carcinoid syndrome. It is often misinterpreted, because similar symptoms are present in more prevalent disorders. Symptoms are not specific and include flashing, diarrhea, abdominal pain, right heart disease, bronchoconstriction... and to establish the right diagnosis medical doctor have to think about NET as a possibility. Thus, it is very important to recognize symptoms and signs of the carcinoid syndrome, and distinguish them from other gastrointestinal disorders. Early diagnosis and treatment have significant impact in control of the disease, and overall treatment results.

scholarly journals Poland’s syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Olga E. Agranovich ◽  
Igor A. Komolkin ◽  
Alyona Ju. Dimitrieva
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
The Body ◽  
Poland’S Syndrome ◽  
Poland's Syndrome ◽  
Congenital Condition ◽  
The Right ◽  
Bone Abnormalities

Poland’s syndrome is a rare congenital condition classically characterized by partial or complete absence of chest muscles on one side of the body and usually webbing of the fingers of the hand on the same side. There may also be rib (aplasia or hypoplasia) and chest bone abnormalities, which may be noticeable due to less fat under the skin. Breast and nipple abnormalities may also occur, and underarm hair is sometimes sparse or abnormally placed. In most cases, the abnormalities in the chest area do not cause health problems or affect movement. Poland’s syndrome most often affects the right side of the body and occurs more frequently in males than in females. The etiology is unknown; however, interruption of the embryonic blood supply to the arteries that lie under the collarbone (subclavian arteries) is the prevailing theory. There are many methods of operative correction because of the polymorphic clinical features of this syndrome. We gathered data on the etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical presentation of Poland’s syndrome and reviewed the existing surgical treatment options.

Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Pancreas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Management ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy ◽  
Operative Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pancreatic Tumors ◽  
Peptide Receptor ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Clinical Detection

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) comprise a diverse, heterogeneous group of tumours that range in presentation and biologic behavior, including small, asymptomatic, incidentally discovered, nonfunctional neoplasms, functional tumors (both localizable and unlocalizable) with associated clinical syndromes, and diffuse metastatic disease. Based on its functional status, the malignancy of a PNET can vary, from the benign (insulinoma) to that which is commonly malignant more than 50% of the time (gastrinoma, somatostatinoma). According to a recent study, PNETs appear to be increasing in incidence or at least in clinical detection; currently the disorder accounts for 1 to 2% of pancreatic tumors and with a reported clinical incidence of one to five cases per million persons annually in the United States. Nonfunctional PNETs make up the majority of cases, and comprise 2% of all pancreatic malignancies. Treatment has been primarily done through surgical management, particularly via resection. However, medical management has played a more increased role for patients where the disease is advanced, encompassing biotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies such as peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). For nonfunctional PNETs—insulinomas, gastrinomas, glucagonomas, somatostatinomas, and VIPomas—the epidemiology, biology of disease, clinical presentation and diagnosis, localization of tumor, operative management considerations, surgical management of primary tumor, and prognosis and outcomes of each are discussed. This review contains 6 figures, 18 tables, and 58 references Keywords: Pancreas, neuroendocrine tumor, gastrinoma, somatostatinoma, VIPoma, insulinoma, incidentaloma, glucagonoma, enucleation

High Prevalence of Performance-related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Bassoon Players

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Paula Brusky
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Medical Doctor ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Right ◽  
Number Of Treatment

Performance-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) are a frequent reality for practicing musicians. Many aspects of the bassoon make these players particularly susceptible to PRMDs, yet to date no study investigating PRMDs has been conducted solely in the bassoon community. The purpose of this study was to identify PRMD symptoms experienced among bassoon players, ascertain the most affected areas, and identify treatments used. Information was gathered using the International Bassoonist Questionnaire, a web-based survey designed by the author. Eighty-six percent of participants (n = 166) reported PRMDs. Pain was the most common PRMD symptom reported (78%). Thirty-one percent of bassoon players reported a medically diagnosed condition, with tendinitis being the most common diagnosis (54%). Bassoonists experienced multiple PRMD symptoms and reported numerous affected locations. PRMDs were most frequently reported in the arms and wrists (54%), and the left side had more PRMDs than the right side. Despite the number of treatment options available, bassoon players primarily used self-administered treatment, with only 31% consulting a medical doctor. Rest was the most common self-applied treatment (60%).

Recurrent syncope from parapharyngeal cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjspcare-2021-003225
Author(s):  
Mark Howard
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Carotid Sinus ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Palliative Care Service ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Glossopharyngeal Nerve ◽  
Cancerous Lesion ◽  
Clinical Syndromes

The glossopharyngeal nerve is a cause of reflex bradycardia and syncope in patients with head and neck cancer. These clinical syndromes are rare but can be debilitating with variation in clinical presentation. The underlying mechanism is often incorrectly assumed to be carotid sinus hypersensitivity due to the cancerous lesion; however, examples in the literature also report the effect on the glossopharyngeal nerve or its branches by parapharyngeal lesions. We report two such cases known to a palliative care service. The symptomatic treatment options were limited due to patients’ frailty. Both patients experienced some reduction in their syncopal symptoms with anticholinergic agents.

scholarly journals Carcinoid Syndrome and Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia Associated with Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: A Critical Review on Clinical and Pharmacological Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 539
Author(s):  
Francesca Spada ◽  
Roberta E. Rossi ◽  
Elda Kara ◽  
Alice Laffi ◽  
Sara Massironi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carcinoid Syndrome ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Serotonin Secretion ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Pancreatic Insulinoma

The carcinoid syndrome (CS) and hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HH) represent two of the most common clinical syndromes associated with neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). The former is mainly related to the serotonin secretion by a small bowel NEN, whereas the latter depends on an insulin hypersecretion by a pancreatic insulinoma. Both syndromes/conditions can affect prognosis and quality of life of patients with NENs. They are often diagnosed late when patients become strongly symptomatic. Therefore, their early detection and management are a critical step in the clinical management of NEN patients. A dedicated and experienced multidisciplinary team with appropriate therapeutic strategies is needed and should be encouraged to optimize clinical outcomes. This review aims to critically analyze clinical features, evidence and treatment options of CS and HH and therefore to improve their management.

scholarly journals Leiomiosarcoma of the Subcutaneous Tissue the Difficulties of Clinical Diagnosis: Description of a Case

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Alessandro Crisci ◽  
Alessandro Crisci ◽  
Michela Crisci ◽  
Raffaele D’Adamo
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The Right ◽  
Slow Growing

Aims: Leiomyosarcomas are infrequent malignant tumors of smooth muscle, mainly derived from blood vessels or viscera. Superficial leiomyosarcomas are rare soft tissue sarcomas resulting from the dermis or subcutaneous tissue. They show a preference for proximal ends and tend to be slow-growing. They clearly show different histological and prognostic characteristics depending on whether they are cutaneous or subcutaneous. Case Report: We reported the case of subcutaneous leiomyosarcoma resulting in the medial subinguinal region of the right thigh in a 58-year-old female. Leiomyosarcoma is an entity whose clinical presentation may appear non-specific, making diagnosis difficult. We discussed the case with a brief review of the literature and the difficulties of a first approach clinical diagnosis. Conclusion: In conclusion, a long period of patient follow-up is recommended to capture a subsequent malignant progression of the disease.

scholarly journals A prospective study of the lumps in the right hypochondrium

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 757
Author(s):  
Sudhir R. Jayakar ◽  
Prashant V. Male ◽  
Maitreyee M. Save ◽  
Varun S. Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Gall Bladder Carcinoma ◽  
The Right ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: The abdominal cavity can harbour a varied spectrum of diseases. Abdominal lumps are one of the commonest disorders in this region. The clinical presentation, diagnosis, minimal investigations and optimum treatment of the lumps in the right hypochondrium were studied in detail in present study.Methods: The prospective observational study was carried out for 24 months. 60 consecutive patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria were taken up for the study. Calculation and analysis of data was done by using MS Excel.Results: The lumps in the right hypochondrium were most common in the 31-40 years age group in the present study. Majority of the lumps were found to be intraperitoneal (65%), of which 45% were neoplastic in nature. 68.3% as compared to 31.7% of lumps had an organ of origin which was not anatomically situated in the right hypochondrium viz. from right kidney and right adrenal. Hepatic lumps were found to be the commonest (35%), of which 14.3% were malignant tumors. Gall bladder carcinoma was more common in 40-60 years with female preponderance. Only 26.7% patients presented with the complaint of lump in abdomen. The commonest complaint was pain in the abdomen followed by vomiting. In 88.3% cases surgery was undertaken for curative or palliative purposes.Conclusions: Of all the lumps in the right hypochondrium, intraperitoneal lumps were more common with abdominal pain as commonest presenting symptom. The commonest lumps were found to be hepatic lumps. Incidence of Neoplastic masses was more than infections and infestations.

scholarly journals Neuroendocrine tumors of gastrointestinal tract: The paradigm that lasts

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Milos Bjelovic ◽  
Tamara Babic
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Neuroendocrine Cells ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Biological Behaviour ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Subcellular Level

Historically, the tumors that were morphologically different and clinically less agressive than the more common gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas were clasified under carcinoid tumors. However, the development of molecular biology tehniques revealed the heterogeneity of these tumors on cellular and subcellular level and ther different biological behaviour. Neuroendocrine tumors of gastrointestinal tract originated from neuroendocrine cells scaterred across the gastrointestinal mucosa. As a result these tumors were capable of secreting many different neurotransmiters, which may or may not be biologically active. The incidence of gastrointestinal NETs has been incresing over the last 2 to 3 decades. Patients often presented with vague, nonspecific symptoms which resulted in delayed diagnosis and adequate treatment. In this article, we discuss the nature of gastrointestinal NETs, clinical presentation, treatment options and prognosis.

scholarly journals Surgical treatment of Chiari I malformation: indications and approaches

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tord D. Alden ◽  
Jeffrey G. Ojemann ◽  
T. S. Park
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Chiari I Malformation ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow ◽  
Hindbrain Herniation ◽  
Chiari I ◽  
Symptoms And Signs ◽  
Exact Origin

Chiari I malformation is a well-described entity characterized by hindbrain herniation through the foramen magnum. Although the exact origin of congenital Chiari I malformation is unknown, it appears to be caused by a mismatch between the volume of the posterior fossa neural elements and the posterior fossa cranial content. Several theories have been proposed to describe the resultant pathophysiology of this mismatch. It is clear, however, that abnormal cerebrospinal fluid flow and velocity play a role in the symptoms and signs associated with this disorder. The authors will review the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment options for patients with Chiari I malformation.

An Overview of Dementias

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Venkata Vijaya K. Dalai ◽  
Jason E. Childress ◽  
Paul E Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Common ◽  
Neurodegenerative Dementias ◽  
Made In

Dementia is a major public health concern that afflicts an estimated 24.3 million people worldwide. Great strides are being made in order to better diagnose, prevent, and treat these disorders. Dementia is associated with multiple complications, some of which can be life-threatening, such as dysphagia. There is great variability between dementias in terms of when dysphagia and other swallowing disorders occur. In order to prepare the reader for the other articles in this publication discussing swallowing issues in depth, the authors of this article will provide a brief overview of the prevalence, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, current treatment options, and implications for eating for the common forms of neurodegenerative dementias.

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