scholarly journals Neurobehavioral responses of the freshwater teleost, Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus.) under quinalphos intoxication

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.G. Chebbi ◽  
M. David
Keyword(s):  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Cholinesterase Activity ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cholinergic Transmission ◽  
Acetyl Cholinesterase ◽  
Freshwater Teleost ◽  
Exposed Fish

Effect of quinalphos on the freshwater fish, Cyprinus carpio to elucidate inhibitory effect of quinalphos on acetyl cholinesterase activity associated behavioral changes. Fishes were exposed to one fifth (0.15 ?g/l) and one tenth (0.75 ?g/l) of the lethal concentration (7.5 ?g/l) of quinalphos for a period of 1, 7 and 14 days, and were allowed to recover for 7 days. Maximum decrement in acetyl cholinesterase activity of the exposed fish was recorded in brain followed by muscle, gill and liver. Recovery tenures witnessed increment in acetyl cholinesterase activity but significantly differed in comparison with control group. Depression of acetyl cholinesterase activity suggests decreased cholinergic transmission and consequent accumulation of acetylcholine in the tissues leading to cessation of nerve impulses. This has lead to behavioral and morphological changes due to impaired neurophysiology of the fish. .

STUDY OF ACETYL CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY IN FORAGER WORKER BEES OF APIS MELLIFERA UNDER STRESS OF PESTICIDES

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
SUSHIL KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Cholinesterase Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Acetyl Cholinesterase ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

The effect of sublethal concentrations 1/8 and 1/4 of LC50 at 24 h of five pesticides including three organophosphates, Dimethoate, Malathion and Quinalphos, one neonicotinoid Acetamiprid and one biopesticide Neem oil on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in forager bees of Apis mellifera was studied. The specific activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were measured in head and thorax of surviving foragers after 24 h of treatment. The data revealed that all the pesticides suppressed the AChE activity but organophosphates had more inhibitory effect on AChE activity as compared to neonicotinoid Acetamiprid. Among organophosphates Dimethoate proved to be most toxic at sublethal concentrations followed by Malathion, Quinalphos and acetamiprid. Significant changes were observed at 1/4 of LC50 at 24 hrs but did not have so well defined inhibitory effect at 1/8 of LC50 at 24 h Neem oil was found to be nontoxic.

scholarly journals The Inhibitory Effect of Carboplatin Injection on Human Neuroblastoma SK-N-SH

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 096368972092081
Author(s):  
Jianfeng Xu ◽  
Zhiyong Liu ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Guiqiang Wu ◽  
Lingyong Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cell ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Cell Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Neuroblastoma Cell ◽  
Human Neuroblastoma ◽  
Significant Difference

The purpose of our study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of carboplatin injection on human neuroblastoma human neuroblastoma cell (SK-N-SH) cells and to clarify its action mechanism. In this study, human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells were divided into two groups. The treatment group was intervened by carboplatin injection (25 μM), while the control group was intervened by drug solvent. After treating separately for 24 and 72 h, the cells were collected, and western blot (WB) and real-time PCR were used to detect the expression of the proliferation marker protein (Ki67); cells grown on cover slips were prepared and immunocytochemistry (ICC) and hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining were adopted to observe the protein expression of Ki67 and the morphological changes of the cells; clone formation assay was used to detect the clonality of each cell group. The cytotoxicity of carboplatin on SK-N-SH cell was checked by AlamarBlue viability test. Both WB and PCR results showed that after cells were injected with carboplatin for 24 and 72 h, the expression levels of both Ki67 gene and protein were decreased, and they had a significant difference from those of the control group. Carboplatin injection inhibited the expression of Ki67, and the inhibitory effect was particularly significant as the action time prolonged. ICC results showed that the protein expression of Ki67 in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group, and there was a significant difference in expression between them. As shown by HE results, the number of cell necrosis and apoptosis in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group, while the results of clone formation assay showed that in the treatment group, after being injected with carboplatin, the proliferation ability of cells was inhibited, so the number of cells was significantly reduced compared with that of the control group. Carboplatin at the tested concentration displayed no cytotoxicity on SK-N-SH cell. The conclusions are that carboplatin injection can inhibit human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells, and the longer it acts on SK-N-SH cells, the more obvious the inhibitory effect would be.

scholarly journals A study on effect of oral administration of cardamom on memory boosting and regaining in wistar albino rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabha V Setty ◽  
Kumar Sai Sailesh ◽  
Neethu Neethu ◽  
Mukkadan J.K
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Cholinesterase Activity ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Acetyl Cholinesterase ◽  
Oral Consumption ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

This study provides further evidence for improvement of memory by oral consumption of cardamom. The present study was undertaken with an objective to study the effects of oral administration of cardamom on memory boosting and regaining. Here we investigate the influence of oral intake of cardamom on behavioral task performance by using T-maze and radial arm maze and physiological measures relative to a milk control group. We have observed significant memory boosting and memory regaining effects of cardamom when administered orally. This effect may be due to facilitation of acetylcholine activity by decreasing acetyl cholinesterase activity of cardamom. Hence we recommend further research in this area by investigating compound metabolism to optimize quantification of memory performance following cardamom consumption

Effects of oestradiol benzoate (OeB) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) on the testes and accessory sex glands of the rat

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mridula Chowdhury ◽  
Robert Tcholakian ◽  
Emil Steinberger
Keyword(s):  
Treated Group ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Intact Control ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Direct Inhibitory Effect

Abstract. It has been suggested that treatment of intact male rats with oestradiol benzoate (OeB) causes an interference with testosterone (T) production by the testes by a direct inhibitory effect on steroidogenesis. To test this hypothesis, different doses (5, 10 or 25 IU) of hCG were administered concomitantly with 50 μg of OeB to adult intact or hypophysectomized male rats. The testicular and plasma testosterone, and serum hCG levels were determined. The sex accessory weights were recorded. In the intact OeB-treated group of animals, hCG stimulated both the secondary sex organs and plasma testosterone levels above the intact control group. However, in hypophysectomized animals, although plasma testosterone levels increased above that of intact controls, their secondary sex organ weights did not. Moreover, inspite of high circulating hCG levels, the testicular testosterone content and concentration remained suppressed in OeB-treated animals. The reason for such dichotomy of hCG action on OeB-treated animals is not clear at present.

Enrichment of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) diet with Malic acid: Effects on skin mucosal immunity, antioxidant defecne and growth performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roghieh Safari ◽  
Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar ◽  
Maryam Dadar ◽  
Hien Van Doan
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Skin Mucus ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Treatment Comparison ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe present study investigated possible effects of dietary malic acid on the expression of immunity, antioxidant and growth related genes expression as well as skin mucus immune parameters in common carp. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings were fed diets supplemented with different levels (0 [control], 0.5%, 1%, 2%) of malic acid (MA) for 60 days. The results revealed highest expression levels of immune-related genes (tnf-alpha, il1b, il8 and lyz) in skin of common carp fed 2% MA (P < 0.05). Regarding 1% MA treatment comparison with control group, significant difference was noticed just in case of lyz (P < 0.05). Evaluation of growth related genes expression revealed no significant difference between treatments (P > 0.05). The study of antioxidant related genes (gsta and gpx) in common carp skin fed with MA, showed significant difference between treated groups and control (P < 0.05). Carps fed with 2% MA had highest alkaline phosphatase activity in skin mucus compared other treated groups and control (P < 0.05). There were no significant difference between 0.5% and 1% and control (P > 0.05). The study of total protein and total immunoglobulin (Ig) in common carp skin musus revealed no alteration following MA treatment (P > 0.05). The present data demonstrated that feeding with MA altered immune and antioxidant genes expression in skin mucus of common carp.

PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SOME SALTS 2-AMINOETHANESULFONIC ACID IN AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF DEGENERATIVE SPINAL CORD INJURY

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Semeleva E.V. ◽  
Blinova E.V. ◽  
Zaborovsky A.V. ◽  
Vasilkina O.V. ◽  
Shukurov A.S.
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Zinc Salt ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Acid Compound ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

In this work, we studied the pharmacological activity of zinc and magnesium salts of 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid in white non-linear male rats with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which was modeled by neurotoxicantsimplication into the pelvic part of spinal cord. After the reproduction of the pathology in animals, the indices of motor activity were recorded in the Rotarod test, and morphological studies of spinal cord sections stained according to Nisl in the Belshovsky modification were carried out. It was shown that the magnesium salt of 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (compound LHT-317) to a greater extent reduces the development of motor disorders in experimental animals compared with the control group on the 4th day of observation. The course of intravenous administration of the studied compounds of 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid did not inhibit morphological changes in the spinal cord that develop in degenerative-dystrophic pathology of the central nervous system: connections. Moreover, if, against the background of treatment with zinc salt, the total area of motor zones in animals of the experimental group exceeded that of control rats, then the number of motoneurons did not differ from the control.

The Immunomodulatory Role of G2013 (α-L-Guluronic Acid) on the Expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in HT29 cell line

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Farhang ◽  
Laleh Sharifi ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal ◽  
Mona Moshiri ◽  
Zahra Norouzbabaie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Cell Plate ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ht29 Cells ◽  
Guluronic Acid ◽  
Tlr4 Mrna

Background: The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) play crucial role in the controlling of inflammatory diseases. Due to the vast side effects of NSAIDs, its use is limited. G2013 or &amp;#945;-L-Guluronic Acid is a new NSAID with immunomodulatory features. Objectives: Considering the leading role of TLRs in inflammatory responses, in this study, we aimed to evaluate G2013 cytotoxicity and its effect on the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 molecules. Methods: HEK293-TLR2 and HEK293-TLR4 cells were cultured and seeded on 96-well cell plate, and MTT assay was performed for detecting the viability of the cells after treatment with different concentrations of G2013. HT29 cells were grown and treated with low and high doses of G2013. After total RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, quantitative real-time PCR were performed to assess the TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA synthesis. Results: We found that concentrations of ≤125 &amp;#181;g/ml of G2013 had no apparent cytotoxicity effect on the HEK293-TLR2 and -TLR4 cells. Our results indicated that after G2013 treatment (5 &amp;#181;g/ml) in HT29 cells, TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA expression decreased significantly compared with the untreated control group (p=0.02 and p=0.001 respectively). Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that G2013 can down regulate the TLR2 and TLR4 gene expression and exerts its inhibitory effect. Our findings are parallel to our previous finding which showed G2013 ability to down regulate the signaling pathway of TLRs. However, further studies are needed to identify the molecular mechanism of G2013.<p&gt;

Evaluating the Effect of Cinnarizine on Promastigotes and Amastigotes forms of Leishmania major

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 550-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lima Asgharpour Sarouey ◽  
Parvaneh Rahimi-Moghaddam ◽  
Fatemeh Tabatabaie ◽  
Khadijeh Khanaliha
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
J774 Cells ◽  
Mtt Assays

: As an important global disease, cutaneous leishmaniasis is associated with complications such as secondary infections and atrophic scars. The first line treatment with antimonials is expensive and reported to have serious side effects and enhance resistance development. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Cinnarizine on standard strains of Leishmania major because of paucity of information on this subject. Methods: In this experimental study, four concentrations of the drug (5, 10, 15 and 20 μg/ml) were added to Leishmania major cultures at 24, 48 and 72 hours intervals. MTT assays were performed to determine parasite viability and drug toxicity. Leishmania major promastigotes were augmented to the in vitro cultured macrophages (J774 cells) and then incubated for 72 hours. Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was ascertained by counting parasites. The inhibitory effect of the drug was compared with that of Glucantime. Flow-cytometry was performed to investigate apoptosis. Each test was repeated thrice. Results: The IC50 values of Cinnarizine after 72 hours were calculated to be 34.76 μg/ml and 23.73 μg/ml for promastigotes and amastigotes, respectively. The results of MTT assays showed 48 % promastigote viability after 72 hour-exposure to Cinnarizine at 20 μg/ml concentration. Programmed cell death in promastigote- and amastigote-infected macrophages was quantified to be 13.66 % and 98.7 %, respectively. Flow- cytometry analysis indicated that Cinnarizine induced early and late apoptosis in parasites. All treatments produced results which differed significantly from control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Cinnarizine showed low toxicity with anti-leishmanial and apoptosis effects on both promastigote and intracellular amastigote forms. Therefore, we may suggest further assessment on animal models of this drug as candidates for cutaneous leishmaniasis therapy.

Toxic Effects of Quinalphos on Protein Content and Growth Rate in Freshwater Teleost, Cyprinus carpio (L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
A. Padmanabha ◽  
H. R. V. Reddy ◽  
N. B. Shridhar ◽  
Muttappa Khavi ◽  
B. T. Naveen Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Freshwater Teleost
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