scholarly journals Production and quality of meadow associations in forest hunting grounds in Serbia

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Tomic ◽  
Z. Nesic ◽  
D. Vilotic ◽  
D. Gacic ◽  
M. Zujovic
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Breeding Ground ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
The Third ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
As Species ◽  
Location Association

Determination of meadow associations was done on three locations: enclosed section of the hunting ground 'Posavsko loviste Karakusa' (Forest holding Sremska Mitrovica), enclosed breeding ground i.e. area 'Miloseva voda' (Sokolovica) and enclosed breeding ground 'Lomnicka reka' (Veliki Jastrebac). Phytocenological records were used to determine number and cover, and in samples the presence of plant species was determined and based on this analysis to which plant associations they belong. In determined associations the share in percentages of grass and leguminous species of high, medium and poor quality was determined, as well as species of other families, conditionally useful, bad, worthless, harmful and slightly poisonous. On the first location the following associations were established: Agrostio-Juncetum effusi Cinc. 1959., Trifolio-Agrostietum stoloniferae LJ. Mark. 1973., Agrostietum vulgaris Z. Pavl. 1955. sensu lato. On the second location, on both meadows, the association Festuco-Agrostietum Horv. (1952) 1982. em Trinajest. 1972. was established, whereas on the third location, association Agrostio-Festucetum vallesiacae Gajic 1961 was established. In investigated associations, the production of green mass and dry matter was established, as well as main parameters of the quality of grass mass (crude proteins, crude fibre, crude lipids, NFE and mineral matters). .

The effect of Beckmann's treatment by sodium hydroxide on the digestibility and feeding value of barley straw for horses

1941 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grahame Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Basal Ration

The digestibility coefficients of old barley straw fed with a basal ration of oats, bran and maize to two adult horses and of the same straw after treatment by Beckmann's method were ascertained. The coefficients of the nitrogen-free extractives and the crude fibre of the untreated straw were 33·23 and 38·24 respectively and of the treated straw 54·14 and 63·71. There was a reduction in the digestibility of the small quantity of protein and fat.Taking into account the 14·5% of dry matter lost during treatment, the starch equivalent value of the treated material was somewhat higher than that of poor quality meadow hay.The digestibility coefficients were considerably lower for an immature horse previously maintained entirely on fresh grass.

Effects of delaying chemical fallowing in pasture rotations on pasture quality and wheat yield in the Victorian Wimmera

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ O'Leary ◽  
RM Binns ◽  
TR Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
The Third ◽  
Pasture Quality ◽  
Chemical Fallow ◽  
Conservation Method

The effects of delaying chemical fallowing in a pasture rotation on pasture quality and subsequent wheat yield were investigated at sites near Minyip and Charlton, Victoria, in 1983 and 1984. Three chemical fallows were commenced at different times and were compared with a conventionally cultivated fallow. The earliest chemical fallow was established, together with a conventional fallow, at the end of winter. The second chemical fallow commenced towards the end of the rapid spring growth period in mid-October (early hayfreezing), and the third in mid- November (late hayfreezing) on a grass-dominant pasture. The pasture in spring ranged from 51 to 72% digestible dry matter (DDM) but the quality declined to 42-50% DDM by the end of the fallow treatments in autumn at each site in both years. Weathering of the pasture over summer reduced it to roughage. In contrast to a conventional fallow, early hayfreezing of pasture reduced the yield of subsequent wheat crops at Minyip by 14% in 1984 and 26% in 1985. Late hayfreezing caused losses of around 35% in each year at Minyip. At Charlton yield losses were much lower with only 14% loss observed from late hayfreezing in 1985. Because the feed produced by hayfreezing was of very poor quality, hayfreezing cannot be recommended as a viable fodder conservation method as it could not adequately compensate for any yield loss.

Water quality of the Beli Lom river

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasios I. Stamou ◽  
Bogdana Koumanova ◽  
Stoyan Stoyanov ◽  
Georgy Atanasov ◽  
Konstantinos Pipilis
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Finite Difference ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Order Model ◽  
The Third ◽  
Do Concentration

A general methodology for the study of water quality in rivers is presented. The paper consists of four parts. In the first part the general characteristics of the area of study, which is the Beli Lom river, and its major pollution sources are presented. The effluent of the Razgrad Wastewater Treatment Plant (RWWTP) has been identified as the most significant pollution point source, due to the inadequate performance of the plant. The second part deals with data collection and processing. Four series of data have been collected, including physical, flow and water quality characteristics. In the third part a 1-d, finite-difference, second-order model is presented. In the fourth part, the model is calibrated, for the determination of its main coefficients, and is successfully verified by predicting the BOD and DO concentrations in the Beli Lom river for all series of data. Finally, the model has been applied to determine the maximum BOD and minimum DO effluent concentrations of the RWWTP, so that a minimum DO concentration is maintained throughout the river.

scholarly journals Increase of nutrients export and production of pitaya whit potassium fertilization

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. e3276
Author(s):  
Josimara Mendes Rabelo ◽  
Maria do Céu Monteiro Cruz ◽  
Nubia Cassiana Santos ◽  
Deilson de Almeida Alves ◽  
João Esdras Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Nutrient Export ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Potassium Fertilization ◽  
Hylocereus Undatus ◽  
Hylocereus Polyrhizus

Characterization works of pitayas show that the potassium (K) is the nutrient most exported, thus, influences in the productivity and quality of this fruit. However, these researches do not report the nutrients export by pitaya's associating the fertilization carried out in the orchard, information that is relevant to make the nutrients reposition adequate at the time of fertilization. The research was carried out to evaluate the supply of K2O in the export of nutrients and productivity of the Hylocereus undatus and Hylocereus polyrhizus pitaya species. The analysis was carried out in the mature fruits harvested in two harvests. Potassium fertilization was performed at doses of 0; 50; 100 and 200 g of K2O per plant. Nutrient export per ton of fruit was calculated from the determination of the nutrient levels and the dry matter of the pitaya pulp. The export of nutrients by the pitaya of the species H. undatus and H. polyrhizus occurs in the following order: K>N>P>Ca>Mg> and Mn>Fe>Cu>Zn>B. These species of pitaya have similar nutritional requirements, enabling them to be receive same fertilization management. The amount of nutrients exported was higher in plants fertilized with potassium due to the higher productivity achieved. Orchards of pitaya that reach high productivity require a greater quantity of nutrients, due to the increase export by the fruits.

scholarly journals THE YIELD STABILITY AND QUALITY OF LEGUMES DURING TWO CONSECUTIVE, EXTREMELY DRY YEARS

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-177
Author(s):  
Miriam Kizeková ◽  
Ján Tomaškin ◽  
Jozef Čunderlík ◽  
Ľubica Jančová ◽  
Janka Martincová
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Herbage Quality

Abstract This study highlights the effect of drought and ambient temperature on performance and herbage quality of legume monocultures and grass-legume mixtures. In a field experiment, the total dry matter yield, seasonal pattern of dry matter yield distribution, content of crude protein and crude fibre of monocultures of red clover and alfalfa and grass-legume mixtures were investigated during two consecutive dry years (2011-2012). Alfalfa cultivars Kamila and Tereza grown as monocultures or as mixtures with Festulolium braunii (cultivar Achilles) outperformed the red clover cultivars Fresko and Veles and provided a well-balanced total and seasonal dry matter yield during both years. Across all experimental years, crude protein content was significantly higher at alfalfa monocultures and mixture when compared with clover monocultures (P < 0.05). However, considerable lower content of crude fibre at clover monocultures in comparison with alfalfa ones was found. Responses of nutritive parameters of both legume species to weather variables were different. Crude protein content in red clover was independent of rainfall and temperature. In contrast, the crude fibre content correlated with temperature whereby the alfalfa monocultures showed stronger correlations (P < 0.05) than red clover monocultures.

scholarly journals Nutritional quality of Chinese cabbage from integrated culture

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pokluda
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Nitrates Content

The evaluation of nutritional quality of Chinese cabbage and the effects of cultivar, weed incidence, plant density and growing season were observed in integrated cultivation system. Mean contents of analysed compounds were as follows: 6% of dry matter, 10% of crude fibre, (in mg/kg of f.m.): 2,199 mg K, 289 mg Ca, 146 mg Mg, 111 mg Na, and 316 mg of vitamin C. Mean content of nitrates reached the value of 647 mg/kg. A significant effect of cultivar on the content of all observed substances in cabbage heads excluding magnesium was thus confirmed; however, a decrease of nitrates was found in the treatment with higher plant density. Weed cultivation caused slightly (insignificantly) higher nitrates content in cabbage heads by 100 mg/kg. Growing season showed a significant effect on content of some evaluated compounds. Integrated cultivation of Chinese cabbage could be an adequate approach to ensure nutritionally valuable products with low nitrates content.

scholarly journals Effect of Sulphate ion on the in Vitro Rumen Digestion of Polysaccharide Constituents of Bagasse

1972 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
RFH Dekker ◽  
GN Richards
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Heteropogon Contortus ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Inorganic Sulphate ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre

The dry matter digestibility (DMD) of poor quality roughages such as spear grass (Heteropogon contortus) by sheep and cattle has been shown to increase on addition of sulphur to the diet. The sulphur is added most frequently as inorganic sulphate, either alone (Playne 1969) or supplemented with urea (Bray and Hemsley 1969; Kennedy and Siebert 1972; Siebert and Kennedy 1972) or gluten (Playne 1969). These supplements have also increased feed intake in sheep (Playne 1969; Kennedy and Siebert 1972; Siebert and Kennedy 1972) and cattle (Siebert and Kennedy 1972), and have improved the nitrogen and sulphur balance (Moir, Somers, and Bray 1967; Bray and Hemsley 1969; Playne 1969; Kennedy and Siebert 1972) within the animal. Sulphates have been shown to increase the in vitro rumen digestion of starch (Kennedy, Mitchell, and Little 1971), crude fibre (Bray and Hemsley 1969), and acid-detergent fibre and cellulose (Barton, Bull, and Hemken 1971).

scholarly journals Experimental Testing of Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams Designed by Strut-And-Tie Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6217
Author(s):  
Anka Starčev-Ćurčin ◽  
Andrija Rašeta ◽  
Mirjana Malešev ◽  
Danijel Kukaras ◽  
Vlastimir Radonjanin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Deep Beams ◽  
Simply Supported ◽  
Strut And Tie ◽  
The Third ◽  
Variation Parameter ◽  
The One

The aim of the research presented in this paper is the experimental confirmation of the numerically defined shapes of the Strut-and-Tie models, designed according to the EN 1992-1-1 recommendations, and obtained from the software “ST method”. Three reinforced concrete deep beams with openings were tested. Each of them had the same dimensions and quality of the material characteristics. The specimens, constructed as simply supported beams, were loaded with two concentrated forces and were tested for bending until failure. Each specimen was reinforced with different reinforcement layout determined by variation parameter β, incorporated in the software “ST method”. For the determination of the Strut-and-Tie models, all of the reinforcement layouts were equally favored in the first specimen (β = 1.0 for 0°, 45°, and 90°), only the horizontal direction was favored in the second (β = 1.0 for 0°), while in the third specimen the one at the angle of 45° (β = 1.0 for 45°). Based on the results of experimental research, it was concluded that the behavior of loaded members was in agreement with the proposed shapes of the Strut-and-Tie models that were used for their design, and it was confirmed that the program “ST method” can be used for obtaining Strut–and-Tie models.

scholarly journals Determination of prioritization for maintenance of the upper structure of truss bridge

2019 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
pp. 01036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heni Fitriani ◽  
M. Ade Surya Pratama ◽  
Yakni Idris ◽  
Gunawan Tanzil
Keyword(s):  
Poor Quality ◽  
Truss Bridges ◽  
Vehicle Load ◽  
Bridge Maintenance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Maintenance Systems ◽  
Truss Bridge ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Bridge maintenance is one of the major issues of infrastructure problems. Deterioration of a bridge’s structure will continuously increase without proper maintenance. This condition will adversely affect the service life of a bridge. Moreover, the damage will also have a direct impact on structural and functional failure of the bridge. This paper aims at identifying the damages of truss bridges and determining the most significant criteria and sub-criteria used in prioritizing bridge maintenance. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to assess the most important criteria that give significant weight to bridge maintenance analysis. The objects of research were nine truss bridges with a wide range of types and levels of damage. It was found that there were approximately 900 m' of components damaged at the railing of Baruga Bridge and 227 m' truss damages due to poor quality of the galvanized paint. Furthermore, based on the analysis, the most significant criteria were the level of damage (27.6%), the technical aspects (25.7%), the finance (21%), the vehicle load (13.6%) and the resources (12%). The results of this research showed important findings in determining the priority scales for bridge repair and maintenance systems.

effect of treating wheat straw with sodium hydroxide and calcium oxide alone or in combination with hydrogen peroxide on the in Vitro dry matter digestibility

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 119-119
Author(s):  
A. S. Chaudhry ◽  
E. L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Farm Scale

That alkali treatments can improve the nutritional quality of poor quality roughages has long been established (Sundstol and Owen, 1984). However, their effectiveness is limited by their potential hazards to the animals and mankind. Alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) has recently emerged as a possible substitute (Gould, 1985) but its farm scale application is limited by the need for high amounts of chemicals and water. Lack of any information regarding its effectiveness over NaOH alone is another factor which requires further investigation. The present study was, therefore, planned to assess the effectiveness of pH-regulated (11.5±0.2) H2O2 (AHP) in improving the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of wheat straw (WS, Avalon) under different laboratory conditions. The possibility of using CaO on its own or to regulate pH for AHP was also tested.

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