scholarly journals Fungi on feathers of common clinically healthy birds in Belgrade

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Miljkovic ◽  
Z. Pavlovski ◽  
D. Jovicic ◽  
O. Radanovic ◽  
B. Kureljusic
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Exotic Birds ◽  
Pycnonotus Cafer

In the quarantines of the epyzootiological territory of Belgrade, feathers deriving from live and dead dehydrated exotic birds were samples. Birds were housed in closed disinfected bird shelter facilities with cages. Study was carried out in 4 quarantines of total 22, during 2010, and it included only 5 bird species, 3 birds of each species (Coracias cyanogaste, Acridothere tristis, S. canaria, Pycnonotus cafer and Tockus fasciatus). A total of 15 samples of feathers were analyzed. Samples were placed in the antibiotics solution, for 24 hours at room temperature, and subsequently cultivated on Sabouraud dextrose agar and Potato dextrose agar, in aerobic conditions in the darkness at the temperature of in 37?C duration of 5 days, and 3-4 weeks at 20?2?C (Scopulariopsis spp.), and in aerobic conditions at room temperature of 20?2?C for 5 days (Aspergillus spp., Penicillum spp. and Fusarium spp.) The presence of Scopulariopsis spp., Aspergillus spp., Penicillum spp. and Fusarium spp. was identified. The study showed that commonly healthy birds, as well as dead birds, which died mainly due to exhaustion and dehydration during transportation, can carry various fungi/moulds which contaminate the air, soil and water surrounding their habitats. Most of these birds are sold as closed domesticated pets which are clinically healthy birds, however, they can be important source of potentially pathogen causers which they carry on their body. This finding of fungal species on the body/feathers of birds are naturally suitable place for their transmission, and this also contributes to better understanding of the nature and occurrence of many wide spread diseases in transmiting mycoses.

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Fungi Associated with the Spoilage of Sweet Orange and Banana in Sokoto Metropolis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Ameh
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Musa Sapientum ◽  
Identification Of Fungi ◽  
Pure Cultures

Mycological studies on Fungi in apparently diseased Sweet Orange ( Citrus sinensis) and Banana ( Musa sapientum) sampled from various points in Kara market in Sokoto Metropolis was carried out between August and September. The samples were surfaced sterilised with ethanol and the homogenates were cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and incubated aerobically at room temperature for 7 days at 30C. The pure cultures obtained were identified morphologically and microscopically. The investigation revealed that the samples were infected with several fungi species. The most predominant Fungi isolated from Sweet Orange were Cladosporium spp (40%), Fusarium spp (30%), Alternaria spp ( 20%), and Chrysonilia spp (10%) while the most predominant Fungi isolated from Banana were Fusarium spp (50%), Mucor spp ( 30%) and Rhizopus spp (20%). The pathogenecity test results show that Cladosporium spp and Fusarium spp were the most active in sweet orange with rot length of 74 mm and 70 mm respectively and the least active fungi were Alternaria spp and Chrysonilia spp with rot lengths of 52 mm and 48 mm respectively. Furthermore, Fusarium spp and Mucor spp were the most active in banana with rot lengths of 84 mm and 75 mm respectively and the least active fungus was Rhizopus spp with rot lengths of 54 mm.

scholarly journals Mycopopulations of alfalfa silage with particular review on toxigenic Fusarium spp.

2005 ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Bocarov-Stancic ◽  
Milan Adamovic ◽  
Nenad Djordjevic
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Submerged Cultivation ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Alfalfa Silage ◽  
Corn Kernels

Mycological and mycotoxicological investigations of alfalfa samples (initial not fermented plant material, as well as silage obtained from unfaded and faded state of the same) were performed during the year 2003. Total of 14 fungal species, included in 11 genera, were identified during the present study. The most frequent moulds were Chaetomium piluliferum and their anamorph Botryotrichum piluliferum (83.3% and 66.7% respectively). Potentially toxigenic Fusarium spp. (F. culmorum, F. semitectum and F. sporotrichioides) were observed less frequently (from 16.7% to 33.0%) and only on initial not fermented alfalfa. From the sample of alfalfa faded state contaminated with 0.25 mg/kg of diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) and 1.28 mg/kg of zearalenone (ZEA) F. semitectum SL-B was isolated. The production of fusariotoxins by this strain was later on tested in vitro conditions. Different aeration treatments in semisynthetic medium with glucose (GPK) or sucrose (SPK), as well as cultivation on sterilized corn kernels (moisture content 47%) were used. The highest yield of DAS (64.0 mg/l) was obtained during submerged cultivation of F. semitectum SL-B in GPK (210 rpms, 3 days room temperature). Production of T-2 toxin, but rather poor (0.08 mg/1), was detected only in SPK (150 rpms, 3 days, room temperature). ZEA was found exclusively after 25 days of cultivation on corn kernels at room temperature (21-25?C).

EFEKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum L) SEBAGAI PENGAWET ALAMI PADA IKAN LELE DUMBO (Clarias gariephinus) SEGAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Dyah Anggraeni ◽  
Nurlela Nurlela
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Natural Preservatives ◽  
Colony Counter

Background: Natural preservatives are compounds produced by natural ingredients that can suppress bacterial growth and development. Natural preservatives are carried out because most of the preservatives circulating are chemicals and unsafe for the body. One of the natural preservatives is by using garlic extract (Allium sativum L).  Objective: This study is aimed to determine the effectiveness of the antibacterial garlic (Allium sativum L) as a natural preservative in fresh African catfish (Clarias gariepinus).  Method: This research used the Pour Plate iroculation method. African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) which is soaked with garlic (Allium sativum L) with a concentration of 7%, 14% and 21% for 30 minutes, then the fish will be kept at room temperature with a storage period of 24 hours and 48 hours and calculated growth in bacterial numbers with the Colony counter.  Result: Based on the research result, it was found that garlic extract (Allium sativum L) can obstruct the effectiveness of antibacterial in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) at a concentration of 14%.

scholarly journals Trapping liquid drugs inside crystals

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C984-C984
Author(s):  
Alessia Bacchi ◽  
Davide Capucci ◽  
Paolo Pelagatti
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Crystal Engineering ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Active Molecule ◽  
Crystalline Materials ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Solid Dosage ◽  
Intellectual Properties

The objective of this work is to embed liquid or volatile pharmaceuticals inside crystalline materials, in order to tune their delivery properties in medicine or agrochemistry, and to explore new regulatory and intellectual properties issues. Liquid or volatile formulations of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are intrinsically less stable and durable than solid forms; in fact most drugs are formulated as solid dosage because they tend to be stable, reproducible, and amenable to purification. Most drugs and agrochemicals are manufactured and distributed as crystalline materials, and their action involves the delivery of the active molecule by a solubilization process either in the body or on the environment. However some important compounds for the human health or for the environment occur as liquids at room temperature. The formation of co-crystals has been demonstrated as a means of tuning solubility properties of solid phases, and therefore it is widely investigated by companies and by solid state scientists especially in the fields of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, pigments, dyestuffs, foods, and explosives. In spite of this extremely high interest towards co-crystallization as a tool to alter solubility, practically no emphasis has been paid to using it as a means to stabilize volatile or labile or low-melting products. In this work we trap and stabilize volatile and liquid APIs and agrochemicals in crystalline matrices by engineering suitable co-crystals. These new materials alter the physic state of the active ingredients allowing to expand the phase space accessible to manufacturing and delivery. We have defined a benchmark of molecules relevant to human health and environment that have been combined with suitable partners according to the well known methods of crystal engineering in order to obtain cocrystals. The first successful results will be discussed; the Figure shows a cocrystal of propofol, a worldwide use anesthetic.

ADAPTATION OF WHITE MICE (MUS MUSCULUS) TO REPEATED COOLING

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Ogilvie
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Progressive Decrease

The effects, on the body temperature of white mice, of repeated short exposures to cold were investigated using two methods of restraint. Animals held in a flattened posture became hypothermic at room temperature, cooled more than five times as fast at −10 °C as mice that could adopt a heat-conserving posture, and continued to cool for some time after they were removed from the cold. With repeated tests, cooling at room temperature decreased, and an improvement in re warming ability was observed. In addition, with lightly restrained mice, the fall in rectal temperature during cold exposure showed a progressive decrease, a phenomenon not observed with severely restrained animals.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTS ON THE SURVIVAL OF THE FEBRILE HERPETIC AND ALLIED VIRUSES IN VITRO

1924 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. McCartney
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Herpes Viruses ◽  
Encephalitis Lethargica ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Maximum Period ◽  
Suitable Technique ◽  
The Brain

These studies fail to confirm the statements previously made that microorganisms of the class of the globoid bodies of poliomyelitis may be cultivated in the Smith-Noguchi medium from the so called virus of encephalitis lethargica. They show equally that the herpes virus does not multiply in this medium. The experiments indicate, moreover, that the medium is unfavorable to the survival of the virus, while ordinary broth under aerobic conditions is more favorable for maintaining the activity of both the encephalitic and the herpes viruses. Probably no multiplication of either takes place in the latter medium but merely a survival, and for a maximum period of 6 days in the broth itself, and 12 days in the fragment of brain tissue immersed in the broth. Finally, it has been shown that with a suitable technique the viruses can be passed from the brain of one rabbit to that of another through a long series without contamination with cocci or other common bacterial forms. Hence we regard all reports of the finding of ordinary bacteria in the brain of cases of epidemic or lethargic encephalitis as instances of mixed or secondary infection arising during life, or examples of postmortem invasion of the body, or of faulty technique at the autopsy.

Increase in Cell Number as a Factor in the Growth of the Organs and Tissues of the Young Male Rat

Development ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-562
Author(s):  
M. Enesco ◽  
C. P. Leblond
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
The Past ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Young Rat

While the organs and tissues of the young rat are known to increase in size with age (Donaldson, 1924), little is known of the role played by the component cells in this increase. There is evidence that cells enlarge (Levi, 1906; Plenk, 1911) and new cells are added (Strasburger, 1893), but we do not know to what extent the enlargement and proliferation of the cells cause the growth of organs and tissues. The present work is an attempt to clarify this problem. In the past, the growth of organs and tissues has often been measured by weight gain (Donaldson, 1924). However, this approach might be misleading, since the body-weight may increase in the absence of growth, for instance as a result of fat-storage in old rats, of pregnancy in females, and even of changes in room temperature.

Effect of titanium alloys elasticity modulus on warping of stamped blanks during cooling

2021 ◽  
pp. 221-227
Author(s):  
M.O. Smirnov ◽  
A.M. Zolotov ◽  
A.M. Tyukhtyaev
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Elasticity Modulus ◽  
Preliminary Deformation ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Temperature Dependences ◽  
Cumulative Deformation ◽  
The Difference

Wide spread in the values of the elasticity modulus of the titanium VT6 alloy and its analogs Ti—6Al—4V, Ti—6Al—4V ELI at room temperature and at elevated temperatures is revealed аs result of the literature sources analysis. The data are ambiguous, the available temperature dependences of the elasticity modulus have very different values starting from the temperature T l 500 °C. Mathematical modeling of the warping process is carried out on the example of figurine-shaped stamped blank of turbine blade using various dependences of the elasticity modulus on temperature. Cases of warping during cooling of stamped blank after cooling-down in stamp with and without cumulative deformation are considered. The difference in the course of thermal deformations during the cooling of the workpiece is obtained using different temperature dependences of the elasticity modulus. The presence of preliminary deformation increases the warping of the workpieces.

Screening and Identification of Laccase Producing Fungi from Environmental Samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
A. Bello ◽  
◽  
J. B. Ameh ◽  
D. A. Machido ◽  
A. I. Mohammed-Dabo
Keyword(s):  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Laccase Production ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Main Campus ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Screening And Identification ◽  
Decaying Wood

Laccases are oxidases with broad substrate specificity and ability to oxidize various phenolic and non-phenolic compounds. This study was carried out to isolate and characterizes laccase producing fungi from environment samples. Soil and decaying wood samples were collected from different locations within Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria Main campus. Suspensions of the samples (1 g in 10 mL sterile distilled water) were serially diluted, inoculated onto Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) containing 0.01% Chloramphenicol and incubated for 7 days at 30oC.The fungal isolates were characterized macroscopically and microscopically with the aid of an atlas. The identified fungal isolates were screened for laccase production by inoculating onto PDA containing 0.02% Guaiacol, 1mM ABTS (2 2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and 0.5% Tannic acid as indicator compounds and incubated at 250C for 7 days. The laccase producing isolates were confirmed molecularly by ITS rDNA sequence analysis using the FASTA algorithm with the Fungus database from the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI).A total of 25 fungal species (11 from soil and 14 from decaying wood samples) were isolated. Two isolates from the soil origin identified as Curvularia lunata SSI7 (Accession No. QIE06317.1) and Fusarium clade VII SSI3 (Accession No. GQ505677) were found to produce laccase where Curvularia lunata SSI7 was able to oxidize all the indicator compounds used for the screening. Fusarium clade VII SSI3 was able to oxidize only 0.5% Tannic acid. Laccase producing Curvularia lunata and Fusarium clade VII were isolated from soil samples collected from ABU Zaria Main Campus. Keywords: laccase, fungi, soil, decaying wood

scholarly journals Cleaner birds: an overview for the Neotropics

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Sazima ◽  
Cristina Sazima
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Large Herbivores ◽  
Broad Category ◽  
Organic Debris ◽  
Marine Reptiles ◽  
Black Vulture ◽  
Do So

Several bird species feed on a variety of external parasites and epibionts, organic debris, dead and wounded tissue, clots and blood, and secretions from the body of other vertebrates (hosts or clients). We present an overview of so called cleaner birds from the Neotropics based on field records, literature, and photo survey. We found that 33 bird species in 16 families practice cleaning even if some of them do so very occasionally. The birds range from the Galápagos ground finch Geospiza fuliginosa to the widespread black vulture Coragyps atratus. Clients mostly are large herbivores such as capybaras, deer, and livestock, but also include medium-sized herbivores such as iguanas and tortoises, and carnivores such as boobies and seals - a few bird species associate with these latter marine mammals. No carnivorous terrestrial mammal client is recorded to date except for a domestic dog, from whose hair black vultures picked organic debris. Some clients adopt particular inviting postures while being cleaned, whereas others are indifferent or even disturbed by the activity of cleaner birds. Capybaras, giant tortoises, and iguanas are among the inviting clients, whereas boobies try to dislodge the 'vampire' finch Geospiza difficilis. Most of the Neotropical cleaner birds may be lumped in one broad category (omnivores that dwell in open areas and associate with large to medium-sized herbivores). A second, restricted category accommodates some species from Patagonia and the Galápagos Islands (omnivores that dwell in open areas and associate with carnivorous marine mammals, or seabirds and marine reptiles). Two still more restricted categories accommodate the following: 1) forest-dwelling cleaner birds; and 2) marine coastal cleaners. Additional records of Neotropical cleaner birds will mostly fall in the broad category.

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