scholarly journals Production of biotechnological useful metabolites by Mucor racemosus in Czapek-Dox liquid media supplemented with synthetic detergent

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-219
Author(s):  
Violeta Jakovljevic ◽  
Miroslav Vrvic
Keyword(s):  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Mucor Racemosus ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Alkaline Invertase

The capacity of native isolate Mucor racemosus to produce several potentially useful metabolites in a liquid Czapek-Dox medium supplemented with powder anionic-type detergent MERIX (Henkel, Serbia) at concentrations of 0.3% (D3) and 0.5% (D5) was examined in this study. The changes of pH values, the total protein content, activities of acid and alkaline invertase, ?-amylase, as well as biomass dry weight were evaluated during fungal growth from inoculation until the 16th day. In addition, the qualitative and quantitative amino acids content of 16 days old fermentation broth was determined by HPLC. D3 considerably enhanced the biomass dry weight (43%), ?-amylase activity (49.59%) and the quantity of arginine (40.38%), and also influenced the production of a high amount of proteins (5.32 g/L). D5 significantly enhanced the biomass dry weight (53%), the quantity of arginine (119.09%) and alanine (192.79%) and induced the production of valine, serine and glutamate. In the D5 medium, ?-amylase retained 100% of its activity. The acid and alkaline invertase activity was moderately inhibited by D3 and D5. The obtained results may have considerable biotechnological, industrial and environmental potential.

scholarly journals The potential application of fungus Trichoderma harzianum Rifai in biodegradation of detergent and industry

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-1) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Jakovljevic ◽  
Jelica Stojanovic ◽  
Miroslav Vrvic
Keyword(s):  
Redox Potential ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Acid Invertase ◽  
Total Dry Weight

The potential application of fungus Trichoderma harzianum Rifai in biodegradation of commercial detergent (MERIX, Henkel, Serbia) was in the focus of this study. The fungus was isolated from wastewater samples of the Rasina River, downstream where the industrial wastewaters of factory Henkel (Krusevac, Serbia) discharge into river. The fungus was cultivated in liquid growth medium by Czapek with addition of detergent at a concentration of 0.3% during 16 days. Analysis of fermentation broth evaluated the chemical and biochemical changes of pH, redox potential, activity of alkaline and acid invertase as well as activity of alkaline protease. In addition, the influence of detergent on fungal growth and total dry weight biomass was determined. At the same time, detergent disappearance in terms of methylene blue active substances in the medium was measured. The detergent at a concentration of 0.3% influenced significant decrease of pH value and increase of redox potential. The detergent showed inhibitory effect on acid invertase activity and stimulatory effect on alkaline invertase and protease activity. The fungus decomposed about 74.24% of tested detergent during 16 days, but total dry weight biomass reduced about 20% in relation to control.

scholarly journals The ability of fungus Mucor racemosus Fresenius to degrade high concentration of detergent

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Jakovljevic ◽  
Jasmina Milicevic ◽  
Jelica Stojanovic ◽  
Miroslav Vrvic
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Redox Potential ◽  
Anionic Surfactant ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mucor Racemosus ◽  
High Concentration

The ability of fungus Mucor racemosus Fresenius to decompose high concentration of commercial detergent (MERIX, Henkel, Serbia) was investigated in this study. Fungus was cultivated in liquid growth medium by Czapek with addition of detergent at concentration 0.5% during 16 days. The biochemical changes of pH, redox potential, amount of free and total organic acids, and activity of alkaline phosphatase were evaluated by analysis of fermentation broth. Simultaneously, biodegradation percentage of anionic surfactant of tested detergent was confirmed by MBAS assay. At the same time, the influence of detergent on fungal growth and total dry weight biomass was determined. Detergent at concentration 0.5% influenced on decreasing of pH value and increasing of redox potential as well as increasing of free and total organic acids. Enzyme activity of alkaline phosphatase was reduced by detergent at concentration 0.5%. The fungus was decomposed about 62% of anionic surfactant during 16 day. Due to fungus was produced higher dry weight biomass (53%) in relation to control.

scholarly journals The effect of ethoxylated oleyl-cetyl alcohol on metabolism of some fungi and their potential application in mycoremediation

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-286
Author(s):  
Violeta Jakovljevic ◽  
Miroslav Vrvic
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Cetyl Alcohol ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Liquid Media

The effect of ethoxylated oleyl-cetyl alcohol at a concentration of 1% on the growth and metabolism of A. tenuis Nees and P. verrucosum Dierckx was examined in this paper. The fungal growth was investigated by monitoring the diameter of colonies on solid media and dry weight biomass in liquid media. A. tenuis had better response to applied pollutant in solid medium, whereas P. verrucosum had better response in liquid medium. During exponential fungal growth in liquid media with and without pollutant (control), the following physico-chemical and biochemical parameters were carried out: pH, quantity of free and total organic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, proteolytic activity. The ethoxylated oleyl-cetyl alcohol had influence on decrease in pH value and increase in free organic acids of both fungi. Furthermore, it has influenced production in way that lower amount of total organic acids, proteins, glucose and fructose were gained in fermentation broth of P. verrucosum compared to A. tenuis. The proteolityc activity of fungi was partially (A. tenuis) or fully inhibited (P. verrucosum) by presence of pollutant in liquid medium. Based on the obtained results, these fungal species act as potential candidates for mycoremediation of alcohol ethoxylated contaminated environments and biotechnology.

Lysis and biological control of Aspergillus niger by Bacillus subtilis AF 1

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Podile ◽  
A. P. Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Bacterial Cells

A biocontrol rhizobacterial strain of Bacillus subtilis AF 1 grown for 6 h was coinoculated with Aspergillus niger at different time intervals and microscopic observations revealed adherence of bacterial cells to the fungal mycelium. Bacterial cells multiplied in situ and colonized the mycelial surface. Growth of AF 1 resulted in damage to the cell wall, followed by lysis. AF 1 inoculation into media containing A. niger at 0, 6, and 12 h suppressed >90% fungal growth, while in 18- and 24-h cultures fungal growth inhibition was 70 and 56%, respectively, in terms of dry weight. In dual culture the fungal growth was not accompanied by formation of spores. The mycelial preparation of A. niger as principal carbon source supported the growth of B. subtilis, as much as chitin. Extracellular protein precipitate from B. subtilis culture filtrate had a significant growth-retarding effect on A. niger. Groundnut seeds bacterized with B. subtilis showed a reduced incidence of crown rot in A. niger infested soil, suggesting a possible role of B. subtilis in biological control of A. niger.Key words: mycolytic bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger, biological control.

Aflatoxin Production in Black Currant, Blueberry and Strawberry Jams

1978 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 344-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. PENSALA ◽  
A. NISKANEN ◽  
S. LINDROTH
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Yeast Extract Sucrose

Unsweetened and sweetened (20 and 44% sucrose) black currant, blueberry and strawberry jams with spores of Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999 were incubated at different temperatures and atmospheres for 0.5, 1, 2, and 6 months. Hyphal dry weight, pH of medium and aflatoxin production were examined. Also, the aflatoxin distribution between mold and jam layers was examined in jam with uncontrolled and controlled pH (initial pH 3.1–3.6 and 5.6 respectively) and in 20% yeast extract sucrose broth (initial pH 5.6) after 2 weeks of incubation. Aflatoxin was observed in black currant and strawberry jams stored at 22 and 30 C, but not in blueberry jam. Addition of sugar prevented production of aflatoxin in detectable amounts, although it enhanced fungal growth. Storage at 4 C resulted in a marked reduction in fungal growth. The high CO2 atmosphere prevented production of aflatoxin in detectable amounts in black currant and blueberry jams but not in strawberry jam. Raising the initial pH of the stored jam caused an increase in aflatoxin synthesis, although the amount of fungal mycelium, in contrast was reduced. Aflatoxin synthesis as a function of fungal growth was significantly weaker in the jams than in the yeast extract sucrose broth. The results imply that the jam raw materials, particularly blueberry, contain substances inhibiting production of atlatoxins. Alternatively, it is also possible that the jam materials contain only small amounts of nutrients necessary for synthesis of aflatoxin.

scholarly journals Effect of mint (Mentha piperita L.) and caraway (Carum carvi L.) on the growth of some toxigenic aspergillus species and aflatoxin B1 production

2009 ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Skrinjar ◽  
Anamarija Mandic ◽  
Aleksandra Misan ◽  
Marijana Sakac ◽  
Ljubisa Saric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Aspergillus Species ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Carum Carvi ◽  
The Media ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Poor Concentration

An inhibitory effect of various concentrations (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2,0%) of mint (Mentha piperita L.) and caraway (Carvum carvi L.) on the growth of A. fumigatus, A. flavus and A. ochraceus was examined during 10 days of cultivation in YES medium at temperature of 25?C. Mint showed stronger inhibitory effect than caraway. Total dry weight (g/l) after 10 days of the growth of A. fumigatus in YES medium with 0.5% of mint decreased by about 95%, A. flavus by 97% and A. ochraceus by about 82%. Addition of higher concentrations of mint (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0%) reduced the growth of all tested species. It was poor and hardly visible. pH values of the media increased with the increase of mint concentrations. A. fumigatus showed the highest sensitivity towards caraway and A. flavus the lowest. Total dry weight (g/l) after 10 days of growth of A. fumigatus in medium with 0.5% of caraway decreased by about 72% in comparison to the control. In media with higher concentrations of caraway, its growth was found to be very poor. Concentration of 1.0% of caraway reduced A. flavus growth by 15% and of 1.5% by 92%, in regard to the control. In medium with 2.0% of caraway the growth of A. flavus was observed as poor and hardly visible. The growth of A. ochraceus in medium with 0.5% of caraway decreased by about 85% comparing with control and further decrease was noticed by the increase of concentrations. In medium with 1.5% of caraway a reduction of about 95% of growth was found and under 2.0% of caraway it was poor. pH of the media also increased with the increase of caraway concentrations. Applied concentrations of mint and caraway inhibited completely the production of AB1 by A. flavus.

scholarly journals Effects of pH and Aeration on Sclerotium rolfsii sacc. Mycelial Growth, Sclerotial Production and Germination

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fakher Ayed ◽  
Hayfa Jabnoun-Khiareddine ◽  
Rania Aydi-Ben-Abdallah ◽  
Mejda Daami-Remadi
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Sclerotial Development ◽  
Sclerotial Germination

Sclerotium rolfsii is one of the devastating soilborne fungus responsible for significant plant losses. The effects of pH and aeration on pathogen mycelial growth, sclerotial production and germination were investigated for three Tunisian isolates. Optimal mycelial growth occurred at pH 6 for Sr2 and Sr3 isolates and at pH 6-7 for Sr1. Dry mycelial growth was optimum at pH values ranging between 4 and 7. Sclerotial initiation started on the 3rd day of incubation at all pH values tested and mature sclerotia were formed after 6 to 12 days. Optimal sclerotial production was noted at pH 5. The dry weight of 100 sclerotia varied depending on isolates and pH and occurred at pH range 4-7. At pH 9, mycelial growth, sclerotial production and dry weight of 100 sclerotia were restricted. The optimum sclerotial germination, noted after 24 h of incubation, varied depending on isolates and pH and occurred at pH 4-9. Mycelial growth was optimum in aerated plates with a significant isolates x aeration treatments interaction. Sclerotial initiation occurred at the 3rd day of incubation and mature sclerotia were observed after 6-9 days. Sclerotial development was very slow in completely sealed plates and dark sclerotia were produced only after 15 days of incubation. The highest sclerotial yields were noted in aerated plates. The highest dry weight of 100 sclerotia for Sr1 isolate was recorded in ½ sealed, no sealed and completely sealed plates, while for Sr2, it was noted in ½ and ⅔ sealed plates. For Sr3, the maximum dry weight of 100 sclerotia was recorded in ½, ⅔ and completely sealed plates. Germination of S. rolfsii sclerotia, after 24 h of incubation, did not vary significantly depending on aeration treatments and ranged from 90 to 100% for all isolates.

Statistical Analysis of Growth and Amylase Production by Aspergillus flavus grown on Different Carbon Sources

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M O Oyewale
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
Optimum Growth ◽  
Amylase Production ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Cassava Peel

The mycelial dry weight and dinitrosalicylic acid (D.N.S.A.) method was used to determine growth and amylase production by Aspergillus flavus grown on different carbon sources. Growth of the fungus was determined at 24 h intervals over a period of six days by the dry mycelial weight methods, while the amylase activity in the culture filtrates of A. flavus was determined by the D.N.S.A method. A total of 45 samples were prepared to determine growth and amylase activity of Aspergillus flavus grown on different carbon sources. The concentration of the various carbon sources ranges between 0.4 to 2% W/V. Duncan’s multiple range test was used to determine the level of significance of the different carbon sources for effective growth and amylase production by Aspergillus flavus. Aspergillus flavus demonstrated the capability to produce significant growth and amylase activities in the medium containing soluble starch, sorghum and cassava peel as sole carbon source. The amount of mycelial dry weight produced from soluble starch, sorghum and cassava peel is significantly higher than those produced from other carbon sources. The data revealed that there is a correlation between growth and amylase production by Aspergillus flavus. The available data from this study showed that soluble starch is the best carbon source for optimum growth and amylase production by A flavus while sorghum and cassava peel are close substitute for optimum growth and amylase production by Aspergillus flavus. Keywords: Growth, amylase activity and Aspergillus flavus

Effect of Tacca Starch Loading on Production of Amylolytic Enzymes from Ragi Tapai

2020 ◽  
Vol 987 ◽  
pp. 118-123
Author(s):  
Nurul Syafiqa Izyan ◽  
Dg Nurdayana Azman ◽  
Nur Amalina Mohd Saad ◽  
Suhaila Mohd Sauid ◽  
Fazlena Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Amylolytic Enzyme ◽  
Amylolytic Enzymes ◽  
Lowry Method ◽  
Medium Increase ◽  
Optimum Production

The study was done to determine the effect of Tacca starch loading on production of amylolytic enzyme from Ragi Tapai. In this study, Ragi Tapai was used as a starter to produce amylolytic enzyme. The fermentation was done in a solid state fermentation with the presence of Tacca leontopetaloides starch as the carbon source. The analysis of total sugar was conducted using DNS method and amylolytic enzyme was determined using Lowry method. The mixture was fermented and incubated for 24, 48, 72 and 96h. The result revealed that the optimum production of amylase was found at 48 h of incubation with amylase activity of 1.91 U/ml/min and 1.42 mg/ml for total protein. The study shows that increment amount of the Tacca starch in cultivation medium, increase the production of the amylase and total protein content. The highest enzyme activity was obtained at 4% of Tacca starch loading with amylase activity and total protein content of 2.14 U/ml/min and 1.42 mg/ml respectively. The study indicated that growth promoters in Tacca starch capable to enhance the activity of microbial consortium in Ragi Tapai for production of the amylolytic enzyme.

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