scholarly journals Reason without feelings? Emotions in the history of western philosophy

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-274
Author(s):  
Aleksej Kisjuhas
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
Age Of Reason ◽  
Western Philosophical Tradition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Philosophy Of Emotions

The paper critically analyzes the interplay between reason and emotions in the history of Western philosophy, as an inadequately ambivalent interrelationship of contrast, control and conflict. After the analysis of the philosophies of emotions and passion amongst the most important philosophers and philosophical works of classical antiquity and the Middle Ages, the paper presents ideas on this interrelationship within the framework of modern philosophy, or during the so-called Age of Reason. Finally, the paper analyzes the character of emotions in the contemporary philosophy, while examining possibilities for the history of (philosophy of) emotions and feelings, but also the possibilities for overcoming the undue opposition of reason and emotions, which was present in the dominant Western philosophical tradition.

Anthropocentrism without a centre?

1997 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Being And Time ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Unusual Structure ◽  
Western Philosophical Tradition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Unique Relationship ◽  
Made In ◽  
Number Of Authors ◽  
The Way

I am grateful to Håkan Karlsson for his thoughtful commentary on some of the issues concerning Heidegger and archaeology which were raised in a previous issue of this journal, and find myself fascinated by his project of a ‘contemplative archaeology’. However, one or two points of clarification could be made in relation to Karlsson's contribution. Firstly, as a number of authors have pointed out (e.g. Anderson 1966, 20; Olafson 1993), the gulf between Heidegger's early work and that which followed the Kehre may have been more apparent than real. While his focus may have shifted from the Being of one particular kind of being (Dasein) to a history of Being (Dreyfus 1992), the continuities in his thought are more striking. Throughout his career, Heidegger was concerned with the category of Being, and the way in which it had been passed over by the western philosophical tradition. It is important to note that in Being and time the analysis of Dasein essentially serves as an heuristic: the intention is to move from an understanding of the Being of one kind of being to that of Being in general. What complicates the issue is the very unusual structure of this specific kind of being, for Heidegger did not choose to begin his analysis with the Being of shoes or stones, but with a kind of creature which has a unique relationship with all other worldly entities. ‘Dasein’ serves as a kind of code for ‘human being’ which enables Heidegger to talk about the way in which human beings exist on earth, rather than becoming entangled in biological or psychological definitions of humanity. In this formulations, what is distinctive about human beings is that their own existence is an issue for them; Dasein cares, and this caring is fundamentally temporal.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Cultures of the East and West in the Philosophy of B.D. Dandaron

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-511
Author(s):  
Mergen Sanjievich Ulanov
Keyword(s):  
Practical Aspect ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Religious Philosophy ◽  
Philosophical System ◽  
Western Philosophical Tradition ◽  
East And West ◽  
East West

The article deals with the phenomenon of synthesis of East and West cultures in the religious philosophy of B.D. Dandaron - one of the most famous representatives of Russian Buddhism in the XX century. The beginning of the spread of Buddhist teachings in Russian society is also connected with his extraordinary personality. Dandaron was engaged in active yoga, tantric practice, and also gave instructions to those who were interested in Buddhism. As a result, a small circle of people began to form around him who tried to study and practice Buddhism. Dandaron was also engaged in Buddhist activities, studied Tibetan history and historiography, and described the Tibetan collection of manuscripts. It is indicated that Dandaron not only made an attempt to consider Buddhism from the perspective of Western philosophy, but also created his own teaching, which was called neobuddism. As a result, he was able to conduct a creative synthesis of Buddhist philosophy with the Western philosophical tradition. In fact, he developed a philosophical system that claims to be universal and synthesized Buddhist and Western spiritual achievements. Trying to synthesize the Eastern and Western traditions of philosophical thought, Dandaron turned to the well-known comparative works of the Indian thinker S. Radhakrishnan and the Russian buddhologist F.I. Shcherbatsky. The author also notes the influence on the philosophy of neobuddism of the ideas of V.E. Sesemann, a neo-Kantian philosopher with whom Dandaron was personally acquainted. The idea of non-Buddhism had not only a philosophical and theoretical, but also a practical aspect, since the consideration of Buddhism from the perspective of Western philosophy helped to attract people of Western culture to this religion. In General, Dandarons desire to create a universal synthetic philosophical system was in line with the philosophical and spiritual search of Russian philosophy, and was partly related to the traditional problem of East-West, which has always been relevant for Russia.

Archeographic Guide to the History of Philosophy. Research Publications of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv in the Field of Philosophy. 1944–1961

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taras Kononenko ◽  
Nataliia Shcherbyna ◽  
Iryna Petlenko ◽  
Alina Borodii
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Thematic Content Analysis ◽  
Research Publications ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Source Data ◽  
National University ◽  
Source Studies ◽  
History Of

The archeographic guide contains a list of meaningful topics that were considered by scholars in research publications of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv in the field of philosophy from 1944 to 1961. The guide raises the issue of archeography of the philosophical source and the preconditions of research in the field of history of philosophy. The author’s team of compilers has developed a methodology for reproducing detailed and verified source data of research publications, created a model of presenting the components of the description of the philosophical source and the concluded sequence of such components as the basis of the original historical and philosophical research. The proposed model involves the use of electronic document tools. The guide can be used in the periodical thematic content analysis of the history of philosophy: Hellenistic-Roman, Middle Ages and Renaissance, new (modern) philosophy, Soviet institutional philosophy, modern philosophy. The guide will be helpful for anyone interested in archeography and philosophical source studies.

The Discourse on Economics

2019 ◽  
pp. 88-116
Author(s):  
Cedric J. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Gender Relations ◽  
Historical Materialism ◽  
European History ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
Select Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
Oppositional Discourse

Based on the previous chapter’s demonstration of the links between Marxism and German bourgeois thought, Robinson argues in this chapter that Marxism represents neither the interests of the oppressed nor a radical break with contemporary philosophy. Chapter 4 provides an alternative history of oppositional discourse on poverty in European history that Robinson uses to emancipate socialism from the rigid ideological regime of bourgeois intellectuals imposed by Marxism. Robinson demonstrates the importance of Aristotle and Athenian philosophy for the empirical, conceptual, and moral precepts of modern economics. Robinson then traces the persistence of socialist impulses in Europe’s Middle Ages, particularly in the work of Marsilius and the Jesuits and its eventual transformation into the secular socialist utopianism of eighteenth century bourgeois Europeans. In both cases, he shows how radical gender relations are effaced by modern economics and by Marxism. Robinson thus shows how Marx and Engel’s scientific historical economics privileged a select group of bourgeois ideologists, insisting upon individualism and historical materialism and ignoring alternative oppositional discourses built in previous rebellions against oppression, inequality, racism, gender discrimination, and poverty.

Roman History: Imperial, 31 BCE–284 CE

Classics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Potter
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
Modern World ◽  
History Of Thought ◽  
Marcus Aurelius ◽  
Multiethnic States ◽  
Rational Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
Great Relevance

The history of the Roman Empire is the history of one of the largest and most enduring multiethnic states in the history of the world, making it an area of study that continues to have great relevance to the modern world. Principal areas of investigation for those drawn to the study of the Roman Empire include the development of institutions needed to govern such a state, the behavior of those institutions, the dialogue of cultures within the empire (especially issues of assimilation, resistance, and evolution between dominant and subaltern groups), and the relationship between Rome and its neighbors. It is also a period that saw significant developments in art, literature, and the history of thought, shaping the heritage of classical Antiquity that has survived through the Middle Ages to help shape the Western tradition of rational thought. It is also a very colorful period, whose leading figures, ranging from Marcus Aurelius and Jesus of Nazareth to Nero and Commodus, continue to excite great interest for their own sake.

scholarly journals Ideology and Truth

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-39
Author(s):  
Krešimir Petković
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Political Science ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
The Third ◽  
Western Philosophical Tradition ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Public Sphere

The author argues that any discourse analysis, as well as other approaches in social sciences and humanities, cannot ultimately avoid the truth and ideology distinction. The first part of the article provides several glimpses at the Western philosophical tradition that preserves the value of truth. In the second part, an idea for political science, grounded in such a history of ideas, is sketched. After a brief discussion of what is ideology as opposed to truth, the author proposes a thesis about ideology, identity and power, and several heuristic ideas how to develop it. In the third part, he briefly provides examples from political and policy analysis that correspond to such a project. In the final part, he explains the importance of preserving the distinction between ideology and truth in the discursively postulated “post-truth” era. This combination of epistemology, science, analysis and teleology is reflected together in one political area of utmost importance for political science operating in the public sphere: the politics of naming.

FROM ECLIPSE OF REASON TO THE AGE OF REASONS? HISTORICIZING HABERMAS AND THE FRANKFURT SCHOOL

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 321-337
Author(s):  
MATTHEW SPECTER
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Frankfurt School ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
Procedural Rationality ◽  
Age Of Reason ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Modern Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
Original Emphasis

Two new works historicize the human faculty of reason. The first, a biography of Jürgen Habermas, traces the evolution of his postmetaphysical theory of reason from its origins to its most recent iterations. The second offers a far broader genealogy of the concept of reason in modern thought, especially in Kant, Hegel, Marx, and the Frankfurt school. Both depict Habermas as one of the most important protagonists in contemporary philosophy, but offer differing accounts of his place in the history of the “Frankfurt school.” The two also contextualize Habermas very differently. While Müller-Doohm locates Habermas firmly within a postwar German, European, and to a lesser extent transatlantic frame, Jay opts for the longue durée of German Idealist thought and its critics from Kant to the first generation of the Frankfurt school. Both help us assess the merits of the procedural rationality that Habermas considers the only valid conception of reason available to us as moderns—Müller-Doohm by sketching its many facets and spheres of application, Jay by scrutinizing the arguments for and against Habermas's account of reason. As Jay puts it, it is fair to say that a paradigm shift has occurred in our appreciation of the stakes involved in defending reason as a ground of critique against those who have reduced it to a tool in the service of some deeper purpose . . . put in a nutshell, it might be said—or at least plausibly hoped—that both the Enlightenment's Age of Reason and the Counter-Enlightenment's Age of Reason's Other have been left behind, and in their place is dawning a new Age of Reasons” (148, original emphasis).

scholarly journals Philosophy's Folds: Seneca, Cavarero, and the History of Rectitude

Hypatia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 768-783
Author(s):  
Victoria Rimell
Keyword(s):  
General Principle ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Bodily Integrity ◽  
Multiple Points ◽  
New Model ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
Western Philosophical Tradition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Roman Antiquity

This article takes as its stimulus Adriana Cavarero's recent investigation of the postures of rectitude and inclination in the Western philosophical tradition (Cavarero 2013). To showcase how this book might catalyze productive interactions between feminist critics in different areas of the humanities, I will bring Cavarero into dialogue with a thinker she mentions in passing who extensively develops “rectitude as a general principle” (Veyne 2003): Seneca. I argue that a gendered ontology of rectitude is increasingly put under pressure and transformed in Seneca'sEpistles, and propose that the letters are a laboratory for developing a new model of inclination that arises from an urgent need to confront the consequences of political impotence and threats to bodily integrity for Roman aristocratic manhood in the 60sce. The playful, densely literaryEpistlesoffer multiple points of contact with Cavarero's own philosophical strategies, and emerge as a highly stimulating text for feminist thinkers interested in the ethical and political implications of acknowledging vulnerability. Reading Seneca alongside Cavarero reminds us that such investigations have a (tortuous, buried) history in Roman antiquity whose recovery is itself politically significant.

scholarly journals The problem of the local in philosophical tradition and in modern philosophy of culture

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
O. V. Borodenko
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Cultural Objects ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
Philosophy Of Culture ◽  
Hierarchical Structuring ◽  
History Of

The present article is concerned with the problem of the local in the history of philosophy and in contemporary philosophy of culture. It emphasizes the relevance and interdisciplinary essence of this problem. The evolution of the concepts “local” and “locality” in classical and contemporary philosophy (by the example of the concepts of individual thinkers) is traced, and the meaning of these concepts for understanding the contemporary cultural context is determined. So, in particular, the development of ideas about the localization of an object in space in ancient philosophy (in Plato) is traced. The problem of the local in non-classical and post-non-classical philosophy is considered in connection with the problem of the crisis of cultural values. An attempt is made to define the concept of “locality” as a cultural phenomenon based on the analysis of the works of P. Sloterdijk, I. Hassan, J. Baudrillard and others, as well as the latest scientific publications. Emphasis is placed on analyzing the problem of the local as a philosophical concept, and at the same time, the phenomenon of culture, in the framework of postmodern ideas, the theory of cultural globalization, in the microspherology of P. Sloterdijk. The principle of “indetermanence” by I. Hassan, which most fully reveals the postmodern rejection of hierarchical structuring of culture and the process of transition from centering to scattering, to peripheral dislocation of cultural objects and phenomena, is considered as a kind of “methodological basis” of the analysis of locality as a cultural phenomenon. Locality is defined by the author of the article as “a certain holistic microworld (microsphere) formed by a person or a group of people as part of his (their) lifeworld and accumulating key values, ideas, symbols, etc., that are particularly significant for these people”. The main features of locality as a cultural phenomenon are considered: a) attachment to a particular place (locus); b) locality is at the same time a fragment of the world, the cosmos and a holistic microworld that lives by its own laws; c) spatiality and temporality, chronotopicity; d) dynamic and historic; e) anthropological, centered around a person or a group of people; f) symbolism.

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