scholarly journals The problem of the local in philosophical tradition and in modern philosophy of culture

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
O. V. Borodenko
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Cultural Objects ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
Philosophy Of Culture ◽  
Hierarchical Structuring ◽  
History Of

The present article is concerned with the problem of the local in the history of philosophy and in contemporary philosophy of culture. It emphasizes the relevance and interdisciplinary essence of this problem. The evolution of the concepts “local” and “locality” in classical and contemporary philosophy (by the example of the concepts of individual thinkers) is traced, and the meaning of these concepts for understanding the contemporary cultural context is determined. So, in particular, the development of ideas about the localization of an object in space in ancient philosophy (in Plato) is traced. The problem of the local in non-classical and post-non-classical philosophy is considered in connection with the problem of the crisis of cultural values. An attempt is made to define the concept of “locality” as a cultural phenomenon based on the analysis of the works of P. Sloterdijk, I. Hassan, J. Baudrillard and others, as well as the latest scientific publications. Emphasis is placed on analyzing the problem of the local as a philosophical concept, and at the same time, the phenomenon of culture, in the framework of postmodern ideas, the theory of cultural globalization, in the microspherology of P. Sloterdijk. The principle of “indetermanence” by I. Hassan, which most fully reveals the postmodern rejection of hierarchical structuring of culture and the process of transition from centering to scattering, to peripheral dislocation of cultural objects and phenomena, is considered as a kind of “methodological basis” of the analysis of locality as a cultural phenomenon. Locality is defined by the author of the article as “a certain holistic microworld (microsphere) formed by a person or a group of people as part of his (their) lifeworld and accumulating key values, ideas, symbols, etc., that are particularly significant for these people”. The main features of locality as a cultural phenomenon are considered: a) attachment to a particular place (locus); b) locality is at the same time a fragment of the world, the cosmos and a holistic microworld that lives by its own laws; c) spatiality and temporality, chronotopicity; d) dynamic and historic; e) anthropological, centered around a person or a group of people; f) symbolism.

scholarly journals PHILOSOPHICAL EXPLICATION OF CULTURE IN THE WORKS OF V. IVANOV AND A. YATSENKO

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
V. E. Turenko ◽  
N. V. Yarmolitska
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Philosophical Anthropology ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
History Of

The article attempts to highlight the understanding of culture in the work of famous Ukrainian Soviet philosophers of the second half of the ХХ century – Vadym Ivanov and Olexandr Yatsenko. Ukrainian Soviet philosophy of the postwar period is known primarily for research in logic, philosophical problems of science, philosophical anthropology, as well as research on the history of national philosophy. At the same time, philosophical and cultural issues seemed to be "in the shadow" of the above studies and actually leveled off in this period of development of Ukrainian philosophical thought. Because of this, there is a need to analyze the legacy of Ukrainian Soviet philosophers, who focused their attention on the philosophical explication of the phenomenon of culture. V. Ivanov and O. Yatsenko were among such thinkers. The thesis is substantiated that the philosophical comprehension of culture, of course, was not in the center of attention of the studied Ukrainian thinkers, however, while developing these or those concepts, they certainly concerned reflections on the cultural phenomenon, which became important for the development of the philosophical tradition in Ukraine. It is proved that for V. Ivanov culture becomes one of the most important factors of human self-realization and self-realization. It is especially important to emphasize that the culture of the Ukrainian Soviet philosopher is very connected with various kinds of social phenomena, thereby making it key in interpersonal relations in society. V. Ivanov emphasizes that culture is not a system, but one of the elements of human existence and manifestation of its existence. Thus, culture in the context of human existence determines not only the present, but also the perspective on which human progress is directed in one aspect or another. It was revealed that O. Yatsenko notes the close interconnection of culture and goal setting and ideals. In his opinion, culture, being a social phenomenon, is one of the key forms in which a person is able to realize his goals and ideals.

scholarly journals JAPANESE GARDENS OUTSIDE OF JAPAN: FROM THE EXPORT OF ART TO THE ART OF EXPORT

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gintaras Stauskis
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Design System ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Japanese Garden ◽  
History Of ◽  
Japanese Gardens ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Emotional Effects

Since the 19th century, a Japanese garden as a cultural phenomenon with a millennium-old history of religion and philosophy-based landscaping art has been exported to different regions of the globe and built in countries far from the land of its origin. The article focuses on two aspects of Japanese gardens: the basic and more specific principles of planning and design of a traditional Japanese garden, and the related discourse of a tradition of exporting its planning and design cultural tradition outside of Japan. Based on analysed international examples of Japanese-style gardens, the specific traits of planning the landscape of these gardens were identified. The narrative of multiple psycho-emotional effects that these gardens have on their users and visitors is disclosed in correlation with the specific aspects of their planning and design. The culture of exporting a Japanese garden tradition overseas is discussed and the important principles for introducing a Japanese garden to a remote cultural context are spotlighted. The concluding remarks on the user-oriented culture of exporting a Japanese garden as a complete planning and design system of landscape architecture, reflect author’s aspiration to open a wider cross-professional discussion and research on the topic. Santrauka Japonijos sodai – tai tūkstantmetes tradicijas turintis filosofija ir religija grįstas kraštovaizdžio architektūros kultūrinis reiškinys, kurio pavyzdžiai nuo XIX a. yra eksportuojami ir įrengiami skirtinguose pasaulio regionuose. Kraštovaizdžio architektūros požiūriu straipsnyje nagrinėjami du Japonijos sodų aspektai: esminiai šių sodų suplanavimo ir įrengimo principai bei specifiniai bruožai, taip pat Japonijos sodų meninės tradicijos eksporto ir sklaidos užsienyje klausimai. Visame pasaulyje garsių Japonijos sodų pavyzdžių apžvalga ir pasirinktų Baltijos jūros regiono pavyzdžių tyrimas atskleidžia esminius šių sodų suplanavimo principus, kurie sietini su lankytojams formuojamu psichologiniu emociniu poveikiu. Aptariant Japonijos sodų eksporto į kitus etninius ir geografinius regionus klausimus iškeliama jų integravimo į skirtingą kultūrinį kontekstą problema. Straipsnis apibendrinamas baigiamosiomis nuostatomis, kurios apibrėžia tolesnio Japonijos sodų meno diskurso lauką nuo vartotojo poreikių iki vientisos kraštovaizdžio sistemos eksporto galimybių, išreiškia autoriaus siekį atverti šia tema platesnį tyrimų ir diskusijų lauką.

scholarly journals Medijacijska funkcija umjetničke kritike između povijesti i suvremenosti

Ars Adriatica ◽  
2012 ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Nataša Lah
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Art Criticism ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Sudden Expansion ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
Cultural Paradigm ◽  
History Of Art ◽  
History Of

The importance of questioning the mediatory role of art criticism was established by theory in the 1960s, when it began to erode the boundary between works of art and objects which are not art but which have been institutionalized as legitimate artworks by theoreticians, critics, museums, art galleries and a narrow but well-versed public audience. The postmodern period has further exacerbated this crisis by annulling the meaning and significance of all dominant theoretical tendencies. Such circumstances have shown that art criticism, by losing a firm theoretical and axiological stronghold, has neglected its fundamental function of initiating and articulating, theoretically interpreting and mediating current artistic practices and the contemporary life of the art world. Curatorial practices in these new circumstances have imposed thematic and evaluative orientation points on art criticism while institutional art theories have conversely encouraged the paradigm shift which has caused art criticism to lose its original purpose. Operating mostly in the sphere of the mass media, and in harmony with its function, art criticism has focused on documenting and bringing into the public arena those works which have already been evaluated in advance by conceptual curatorial practice. Given that such projects addressed mostly narrow professional circles and the activities of the relevant institutions, the wider cultural context of following and evaluating current artistic production was lost. Art criticism found itself in an unfavourable position, squeezed between the demands of its mother discipline (history of art) for a normative and established scholarly apparatus, and the counter-demands of the media within which it operates. Therefore, its mediatory role was neutralized.Recent professional activities across the world, including two large international conferences - What is Critique? held in New York in 2010, and the Art and Reality organized at Saint Petersburg in 2011 and focusing on aspects and trends in twentieth-century art criticism point to a re-awakening of interest in the revitalization of the purpose and meaning of art criticism.Our contribution to this subject orientates itself methodologically according to the postulates of the relativistic and moderately-analytical Anglo-Saxon aesthetics of Nelson Goodman, which argue for the influence of culture on reception. By adjusting to the (culturally conditioned) shift away from investigating the purpose, value and significance of a work of art towards the purpose, significance and value of the representation itself, the mediatory function of art criticism includes the reception of the cultural paradigm a work of art is presenting. The demand for a mediatory function for art criticism is also based on the consequences of the turbulent events of nineteenth-century art, when provocation against good taste as such caused a sudden expansion of mutually exclusive theoretical paradigms. In this sense, mediation also implies that art criticism is rooted in the history of the discipline. One of the pre-requisites for the understanding of such a suggestion is found in works such as Lionello Venturi’s History of Art Criticism and Oskar Bätschmann’s Einführung in die kunstgeschichtliche Hermeneutik: Die Auslegung von Bildern (Introduction to Art Historical Hermeneutics). In the case of Venturi we highlight in particular the tendency to link the art historical discipline and art criticism in such a way as to return art criticism to historical problems (understanding of the origin of a work of art), and history of art to forming judgements (the critical evaluation of a work of art). In the case of Bätschmann, we underline his analysis of the iconoclastic relationship of culture towards those types of artistic imagination for which no conditions for understanding are available. Both suggestions demonstrate the significance of art criticism’s mediatory role, on the one hand between history and contemporaneity, and on the other between art and audience.Such a role includes the question of competency in mediation, for which a static reception from the position of only one theoretical paradigm or one system of cultural values is not enough. Competency in mediation, apart from implying insight into the pluralism of social values in all their antinomies, and the pluralism of opinions and beliefs (in which ideologies always have a tendency to mobilize all interpretations directed to them), it also implies a critic’s ability to adjust to different methodologies. This does not support acting without a disciplinary focus but the possibility of adapting to a number of different central points within the discipline which may multiply or expire. In this case, competency in mediation is preceded by the detection of an artistic and cultural paradigm, but also by an authoritative application of theoretical and conceptual strongholds, varying from case to case, always recurring and always authentic.

Being Inclined

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
Philosophy Of Nature ◽  
French Philosophy ◽  
History Of

This is the first book-length study in English of the work of Félix Ravaisson, France’s most influential philosopher in the second half of the nineteenth century. The book shows how in his 1838 Of Habit, Ravaisson understands habit as tendency and inclination in a way that provides the basis for a philosophy of nature and a general metaphysics. In examining Ravaisson’s ideas against the background of the history of philosophy, and in the light of later developments in French thought, the book shows how Ravaisson accounts for the nature of habit as inclination in an original manner, and within a metaphysical framework quite different from those of his predecessors in the philosophical tradition. The book sheds new light on the history of modern French philosophy, and argues for the importance of the neglected nineteenth-century French spiritualist tradition. It also shows that Ravaisson’s philosophy of inclination, of being inclined, is of great import for contemporary philosophy, and particularly for the contemporary metaphysics of powers, given that ideas about tendency have recently come to prominence in discussions concerning dispositions, laws, and the nature of causation. The book offers a detailed and faithful contextualist study of Ravaisson’s short masterpiece, but it does so in demonstrating its importance for contemporary thought.

Concerts of Students of Moscow Conservatory “In Favor of Their Insufficient Comrades” as an Ethical, Aesthetic, and Socio-Cultural Phenomenon

10.34690/205 ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 92-105
Author(s):  
Елена Марковна Шабшаевич
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Student Unrest

В статье рассматриваются концерты учащихся Московской консерватории в пользу их малоимущих товарищей в широком социокультурном контексте. Освещаются вопросы благотворительной концертной деятельности в сфере образования в Российской империи, и в частности в Москве. Производится типология ученических концертов в Московской консерватории (закрытые и публичные, в рамках учебного процесса и вне его). Прослеживается история концертов «в пользу недостаточных товарищей» с 1879 по 1910 год, анализируются программы и состав участников, финансовые аспекты проведения концертов. Особого взгляда заслуживает период студенческих волнений 1905-1906 годов, ставший поворотным пунктом в летописи данных концертов в Московской консерватории. В заключении делается вывод о значимости концертов «в пользу недостаточных товарищей» как особого этического и эстетического социокультурного феномена, перспективы данного дискурса в теоретической и практической плоскости. The articLe examines the concerts of students of Moscow Conservatory in favor of their poor cLassmates in a broad socio-cuLturaL context. The articLe highLights the issues of charitabLe concert activities in the fieLd of education in the Russian Empire in generaL and in Moscow in particuLar. The typoLogy of student concerts at the Moscow Conservatory (cLosed and pubLic, within the framework of the educationaL process and outside of them) is produced. The author traces the history of concerts “in favor of insufficient comrades” from 1879 to 1910, anaLyzes the programs and the composition of participants, the financiaL aspects of conducting concerts. The period of the student unrest of 1905-1906 deserves a speciaL Look, which became a kind of turning point in the chronicLe of these concerts at Moscow Conservatory. The concLusion concLudes on the importance of concerts “in favor of insufficient comrades” as a speciaL ethicaL and aesthetic sociocuLturaL phenomenon, the prospects of this discourse in the theoreticaL and practicaL pLane.

scholarly journals SOURCES ON THE HISTORY OF UKRAINIAN CULTURE IN PUBLICATIONS OF VOLYN RESEARCH INSTITUTE (1949-2007)

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
Zhanna Denysіyuk
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
National Importance ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intellectual Potential ◽  
Research Institute

The purpose of the article is to investigate the publishing activities of the Volyn Society, founded by representatives of the Ukrainian diaspora and later created on this basis by the Volyn Research Institute in Winnipeg, Canada. The result of their activities was the publication of a number of scientific works that are valuable sources for the history of Ukrainian culture and art and historical local lore and cultural region. The methodology consists of the application of the historical-chronological approach to the study of issues, as well as analytical, culturological methods in the study of the publication of scientific works of historical and cultural nature by the Institute of Experiments of Volyn. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the expansion and generalization of information about scientific publications of the Institute of Experiments of Volyn as a source base for studying the history and art of Ukrainian culture of the twentieth century. Conclusions. As a result of the research, it was established that the activity of the Violin Research Institute has a unique significance as a center of historical and cultural research of the region of Ukraine outside its mainland, accumulating the intellectual potential of Ukrainian diasporas. At the same time, the existence of such an institution and its scientific activity is a cultural phenomenon, which represents the possibility of multi-vector research on the example of one region, which, at the same time, raises a number of issues in the history of national culture and art. Numerous publications, which contain many archival and factual materials of both local and national importance, serve as a valuable source for research in the field of culture and art.

scholarly journals Positive Psychology within a Cultural Context

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Teramoto Pedrotti ◽  
Lisa M. Edwards ◽  
Shane J. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Multiple Contexts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diverse Groups

As our workforce, neighborhoods, and country overall becomes more diverse, our interactions with others with different worldviews also becomes more frequent. This exposure to diversity on so many levels requires a better understanding of the multiple contexts in which people from different cultural backgrounds live and the strengths they possess that help them experience well-being. In order to define the characteristics that may be viewed as strengths in different groups, we must make efforts to remember that cultural values and norms often dictate what can be called a strength versus a weakness. It is imperative that we recognize that strengths may look very different in different contexts and that these diverse manifestations may come from a variety of worldviews. More work must be done to develop a better understanding of the way that cultural context plays a role in the operationalization, manifestation, and measurement of strengths in diverse groups. The following chapter provides a history of the connections between culture and positive psychology and discusses current issues regarding the link between cultural context and various personal characteristics. Examples from culturally sensitive positive psychological theory and research are also given in order to illustrate how researchers are better exploring positive psychology within a cultural context.

scholarly journals Reason without feelings? Emotions in the history of western philosophy

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-274
Author(s):  
Aleksej Kisjuhas
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
Age Of Reason ◽  
Western Philosophical Tradition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Philosophy Of Emotions

The paper critically analyzes the interplay between reason and emotions in the history of Western philosophy, as an inadequately ambivalent interrelationship of contrast, control and conflict. After the analysis of the philosophies of emotions and passion amongst the most important philosophers and philosophical works of classical antiquity and the Middle Ages, the paper presents ideas on this interrelationship within the framework of modern philosophy, or during the so-called Age of Reason. Finally, the paper analyzes the character of emotions in the contemporary philosophy, while examining possibilities for the history of (philosophy of) emotions and feelings, but also the possibilities for overcoming the undue opposition of reason and emotions, which was present in the dominant Western philosophical tradition.

Locke on Personal Identity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galen Strawson ◽  
Galen Strawson
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
Fundamental Point ◽  
Legal Term ◽  
Word Consciousness ◽  
History Of

John Locke's theory of personal identity underlies all modern discussion of the nature of persons and selves—yet it is widely thought to be wrong. This book argues that in fact it is Locke's critics who are wrong, and that the famous objections to his theory are invalid. Indeed, far from refuting Locke, they illustrate his fundamental point. The book argues that the root error is to take Locke's use of the word “person” as merely a term for a standard persisting thing, like “human being.” In actuality, Locke uses “person” primarily as a forensic or legal term geared specifically to questions about praise and blame, punishment and reward. This point is familiar to some philosophers, but its full consequences have not been worked out, partly because of a further error about what Locke means by the word “consciousness.” When Locke claims that your personal identity is a matter of the actions that you are conscious of, he means the actions that you experience as your own in some fundamental and immediate manner. Clearly and vigorously argued, this is an important contribution both to the history of philosophy and to the contemporary philosophy of personal identity.

The Art of Chinese Philosophy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Goldin
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Philosophy ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Han Feizi ◽  
Textual History ◽  
Classical Chinese ◽  
History Of ◽  
Crucial Characteristic ◽  
The Way

This book provides an unmatched introduction to eight of the most important works of classical Chinese philosophy—the Analects of Confucius, Mozi, Mencius, Laozi, Zhuangzi, Sunzi, Xunzi, and Han Feizi. The book places these works in rich context that explains the origin and meaning of their compelling ideas. Because none of these classics was written in its current form by the author to whom it is attributed, the book begins by asking, “What are we reading?” and showing that understanding the textual history of the works enriches our appreciation of them. A chapter is devoted to each of the eight works, and the chapters are organized into three sections: “Philosophy of Heaven,” which looks at how the Analects, Mozi, and Mencius discuss, often skeptically, Heaven (tian) as a source of philosophical values; “Philosophy of the Way,” which addresses how Laozi, Zhuangzi, and Sunzi introduce the new concept of the Way (dao) to transcend the older paradigms; and “Two Titans at the End of an Age,” which examines how Xunzi and Han Feizi adapt the best ideas of the earlier thinkers for a coming imperial age. In addition, the book presents explanations of the protean and frequently misunderstood concept of qi—and of a crucial characteristic of Chinese philosophy, nondeductive reasoning. The result is an invaluable account of an endlessly fascinating and influential philosophical tradition.

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