Ascidian halogen-containing secondary metabolites from the family didemnidae

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-130
Author(s):  
Miljana Djordjevic ◽  
Niko Radulovic
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Total Synthesis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
The Family ◽  
Biological Tests ◽  
Brominated Compounds

This review summarizes current knowledge concerning the isolation, structural elucidation, biological/pharmacological activities, and total synthesis of halogen-containing secondary metabolites isolated from ascidians of the family Didemnidae. Overall, 81 compounds are presented, displaying great structural diversity and possessing a number of significant biological/pharmacological properties. In addition to the most numerous brominated compounds, chlorinated and iodinated ones were also found. The most prolific genus in regard to the number of published papers and isolated molecules is the genus Didemnum, which was treated separately from the rest of the genera of the ascidian family. The structural complexity of the isolated metabolites prompted a number of synthetic endeavors that not only provided conclusive proof of the structure of the metabolites but also enabled the biological tests and the possible application of these metabolites.

scholarly journals Eriosema (Fabaceae) Species Represent a Rich Source of Flavonoids with Interesting Pharmacological Activities

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice Ducret Awouafack ◽  
Pierre Tane ◽  
Michael Spiteller ◽  
Jacobus Nicolaas Eloff
Keyword(s):  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Total Synthesis ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Synthetic Derivatives

Many flavonoids have so far been isolated as main secondary metabolites in plant species of the genus Eriosema (Fabaceae), which contains approximately 160 species. A total of 52 flavonoids including isoflavones, dihydroflavonols, flavonols, flavanones, dihydrochalcones, isoflavanone and their pyrano or glucoside derivatives were isolated and characterized from the five species of this genus investigated to date. Total synthesis and semi-synthesis (acetylation, methylation, hydrogenation, and cyclization) of some isolated flavonoids were reported. Due to several significant pharmacological properties (antimicrobial, cytotoxicity, anti-mycobacterial, antioxidant, antiviral, erectile-dysfunction, vasodilatory and hypoglycemic) of the isolated flavonoids and derivatives, more scientists should be interested in investigating Eriosema species. The present review is the first to document all flavonoids that have been reported from the genus Eriosema to date together with their synthetic and semi-synthetic derivatives, and their pharmacological properties. Dihydrochalcones, which are precursors of other classes of flavonoids, are very rare in natural sources and their isolation from Eriosema species may explain the large number of flavonoids found in this genus. It appears that isoflavone could be a marker for species in this genus. The 83 flavonoids (1–83) documented include 52 isolates, 31 semi-synthetic and 3 totally synthetic derivatives. Data were obtained from Google scholar, Pubmed, Scifinder, Sciencedirect, and Scopus. With 52 different flavonoids isolated from only 5 of the approximately 160 species it shows the remarkable chemical diversity of this genus. This compilation of the biological activities and chemical composition may renew the interest of pharmacologists and phytochemists in this genus.

Medicinal Inula Species: Phytochemistry, Biosynthesis, and Bioactivities

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-44
Author(s):  
Cheng-Peng Sun ◽  
Zi-Li Jia ◽  
Xiao-Kui Huo ◽  
Xiang-Ge Tian ◽  
Lei Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
The World ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
New Drug Development ◽  
First Time

As a genus of the Asteraceae, Inula is widely distributed all over the world, and several of them are being used in traditional medicines. A number of metabolites were isolated from Inula species, and some of these have shown to possess ranges of pharmacological activities. The genus Inula contains abundant sesquiterpenoids, such as eudesmanes, xanthanes, and sesquiterpenoid dimers and trimers. In addition, other types of terpenoids, flavonoids, and lignins also exist in the genus Inula. Since 2010, more than 300 new secondary metabolites, including several known natural products that were isolated for the first time from the genus Inula. Most of them exhibited potential bioactivities in various diseases. The review aimed to summarize the advance of recent researches (2010–2020) on phytochemical constituents, biosynthesis, and pharmacological properties of the genus Inula for providing a scientific basis and supporting its application and exploitation for new drug development.

scholarly journals A STUDY ON THE STANDARDIZATION PARAMETERS OF BAUHINIA VARIEGATA

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pragati Khare ◽  
Kamal Kishore ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Lower Epidermis ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Fluorescence Studies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Bauhinia Variegata

Objective: In today’s scenario, the herbal medicines are much efficient for the treatment of various disorders as they have minimal side effects incomparison to the allopathic medicines. Bauhinia variegata L. (Mountain Ebony), commonly called Kachnar, belongs to the family Leguminosae.It is a medium-sized tree, mostly found at an altitude of 1300 m in the Himalayas. The objectives of the present study are to investigate variouspharmacognostic, phytochemical analysis, and pharmacological properties of B. variegata.Methods: The powdered drug was used for estimating the loss on drying, ash values, fluorescence studies, chemical tests, and extractive values.Macroscopic and microscopic studies were also performed.Results: The leaf microscopy revealed the presence of upper and lower epidermis, palisade tissue, well-developed vascular bundle. The fluorescencecharacteristics of leaf powder were studied both in visible light and ultraviolet light (254 nm and 365 nm) after treatment with various reagents.Kachnar is composed of carbohydrates, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, amino acid. It was reported that the total ash value was 8.15%. The acidinsoluble ash value was 5.5%.Conclusion: The main pharmacological activities of B. variegata are anthelmintic, antiulcer, antitumor, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antigoitrogenic, and hepatoprotective. The present investigation provides the information on its pharmacognostic, phytochemical analysis, andpharmacological properties.Keywords: Flavonoids, Kachnar, Alkaloids, Antioxidant, Leguminosae.

scholarly journals PHYTO-PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SIDA CORDIFOLIA: A REVIEW OF FOLKLORE USE AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES

2016 ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navneet Khurana ◽  
Neha Sharma ◽  
Shailendra Patil ◽  
Asmita Gajbhiye
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Sida Cordifolia

<p>ABSTRACT<br />Plants have been considered to be useful as a medicine for treating different ailments and improving health conditions, since ancient times. The<br />plants as herbal drugs lay down an important foundation of different, well recognized, ancient, and traditional healthcare systems in India as well as<br />other parts of the world. In India, plants constitute an important and indispensable role in different ancient healthcare systems such as Ayurveda,<br />Siddha, Unani, Naturopathy, and Homeopathy. In Ayurveda system of medicine, one of the Rasayana plants having a great medicinal importance is<br />Sida cordifolia belonging to the family Malvaceae. It is an annual undershrub found throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of India. It has<br />been used since ancient times for various ailments in Ayurveda system of medicine. It has numerous folklore uses in different pathological conditions.<br />The plant also reported to possess a number of important pharmacological activities. The present review focused on all these folklore use of this herb<br />along with its reported pharmacological activities.<br />Keywords: Sida cordifolia, Ayurveda, Parkinson’s disease, Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory.</p>

scholarly journals Current Knowledge and Perspectives of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Pharmacological Applications: A Mini-Review

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1970
Author(s):  
Xianqin Wei ◽  
Weibin Ruan ◽  
Klaas Vrieling
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Neurological Damage

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are a widespread group of secondary metabolites in plants. PAs are notorious for their acute hepatotoxicity, genotoxicity and neurological damage to humans and animals. In recent decades, the application of PAs for beneficial biological activities to cure disease has drawn greater attention. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding the pharmacological properties of PAs and discuss PAs as promising prototypes for the development of new drugs.

scholarly journals Secondary Metabolites of the Genus Didemnum: A Comprehensive Review of Chemical Diversity and Pharmacological Properties

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Diaa T. A. Youssef ◽  
Hadeel Almagthali ◽  
Lamiaa A. Shaala ◽  
Eric W. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Geographical Locations

Tunicates (ascidians) are common marine invertebrates that are an exceptionally important source of natural products with biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, including compounds that are used clinically in cancers. Among tunicates, the genus Didemnum is important because it includes the most species, and it belongs to the most speciose family (Didemnidae). The genus Didemnum includes the species D. molle, D. chartaceum, D. albopunctatum, and D. obscurum, as well as others, which are well known for their chemically diverse secondary metabolites. To date, investigators have reported secondary metabolites, usually including bioactivity data, for at least 69 members of the genus Didemnum, leading to isolation of 212 compounds. Many of these compounds exhibit valuable biological activities in assays targeting cancers, bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoans, and the central nervous system. This review highlights compounds isolated from genus Didemnum through December 2019. Chemical diversity, pharmacological activities, geographical locations, and applied chemical methods are described.

scholarly journals A REVIEW ON PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF MILKWEED FAMILY HERBS (ASCLEPIADACEAE)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Pushpa Anantrao Karale ◽  
Mahesh A Karale
Keyword(s):  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Gymnema Sylvestre ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Main Constituent ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
The Family ◽  
Perennial Shrub ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Pharmacological Potential ◽  
Ayurvedic Herb

  Calotropis procera and Gymnema sylvestre are a perennial shrub and woody climber, respectively, and belonging to the family Asclepiadaceae. They are commonly known as milkweed family herbs. The Calotropis commonly have two species, i.e., C. procera and C. gigantean. All parts of plant exude white milky latex when cut. It has been widely used in traditional medicine due to its pharmacological active compounds found in all parts of plants such as bark, roots, and leaves and especially its latex which exudes from damaged or broken stem and leaves. G. sylvestre an ayurvedic herb came to be known as “destroyer of sugar” because in ancient times Ayurveda physicians observed that chewing a few leaves of G. sylvestre suppressed the taste of sugar. It also reported to possess antidiabetic, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory, antiulcer, and anticancer potential. The gymnemic acid is the main constituent which is responsible for number of pharmacological activities. The present review assembles the data on pharmacognostic and pharmacological potential of C. procera and G. sylvestre.  

scholarly journals REVIEW OF IPOMOEA PES-TIGRIDIS L.: ETHNO BOTANICAL CHARACTERISTICS, PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
N. Venkateshan ◽  
M. Subramaniyam ◽  
M. Santhanakumar
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Total Synthesis ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Primary Metabolites ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
The Family ◽  
Scientific Justification ◽  
Botanical Characteristics ◽  
Phytochemical Studies

Nowadays there is a need for scientific justification of plants that have been used in traditional medicine because of loss of information, improvement of therapy and deforestation that is taking place. The majority of the natural products are compounds biosynthetically derived from primary metabolites and are generally categorized as secondary metabolites. These are the major sources of the pharmaceutical industry to discover novel drugs. The basis for interest in natural product chemistry serves as a lead compound for newer drugs, give as much information on possible mechanism and thus on the molecular origin and basis of diseases. Natural products are permanent challenges with respect to total synthesis and stimulate the development of new reagents and reactions. The present study has been taken up to review one of the ethno medicinal significant of Ipomoea pes-tigridis L plant belonging to the family convolvulaceae. The ethno medical information of the plant reveals that the herb Ipomoea pes-tigridis Linn was used as an antidote to dogbite, boils and carbuncles, the leaves were applied as a poultice for boils, carbuncles and sores. The root of this plant was found to possess purgative action. The phytochemical studies on the leaves have been reported for the presence of carbohydrates, proteins and resins.

scholarly journals A Recent Review on Chemistry and Biological Activities of Bryophyllum Pinatum (Lam.) Oken Family: Crassulaceae

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-280
Author(s):  
Priyanka Yadav ◽  
Arun Kumar Mishra ◽  
Harpreet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Herbal Formulation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Web Science ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken belongs to the family Crassulaceae, one of the important medicinal plants which has great significances to treat various disorders, ailments in human beings. This study tells phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities of extracts of Bry.pin(Lam.) Oken. The aim of this review is to emphasise the recent and advanced research on different parts of plant extracts used. The forty secondary metabolites were isolated by different researchers where the most important includes flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, steroids and these secondary metabolites were responsible for various biological actions as antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, analgesics, wound healing and hepatoprotective actions which are incorporated. All this information gathered into this review were collected by using electronic search as PubMed, Research gate, Elsevier, Google scholar and Web science. Further studies also required on extracts for getting more information about mechanism of action, biological effects, safety, dosage required. By observing the medicinal uses and pharmacological profile of Bry.pin(Lam.) Oken might be transferred into a new various herbal formulation and can report for future.

INFLUENTIAL FACTORS OF PICTET-SPENGLER REACTION IN TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF CANTHIN-6-ONE

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julenah Ag Nuddin ◽  
Nur Aini Azib ◽  
Aishah Adam ◽  
Ahmad Sazali Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Total Synthesis ◽  
Structural Modification ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
The Family

The family of Simaroubaceae is known to contain quassinoids and canthin-6-ones, secondary metabolites that have been reported to possess numerous biological activities such as anticancer. A biomimetic total synthesis of canthin-6-one using Pictet-Spengler condensation according to the procedure by Czerwinski et al. (2003) was explored. The aim of this study was to determine the viability of this reaction for structural modification. In this report, influential factors of carboxyl mediated Pictet-Spengler condensation reaction would be discussed.

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