scholarly journals Introduction to the anthropology of photography in Serbia

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-171
Author(s):  
Slobodan Naumovic ◽  
Marija Brujic ◽  
Katarina Mitrovic
Keyword(s):  
Academic Community ◽  
Visual Anthropology ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Technical Tool ◽  
Field Recording ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
Theoretical Reflection ◽  
Systematic Thinking ◽  
Scientific Framework

Despite significant strides from the beginning of the 20th century, there was no systematic or institutionalized reflection on photography in Serbian ethnology and anthropology until the 1980s. Until then, photography was mainly used as an additional technical tool for field recording, documenting, and presenting field materials in museums or scientific institutions. However, since the end of the 20th, and especially at the beginning of the 21st century, an increasing number of social scientists have included photography in their works, either through historical and theoretical reflection or through practical use in specific research. This step can be related to the institutionalization of the sub discipline of visual anthropology in Serbia. The paper presents the assumption that both flows are part of a broader process called the visual turn, and the associated flourishing of systematic thinking about visual culture. In this paper, we aim to reconstruct the main features of the visual turn in the local academic community and point out some of its consequences. In addition, our goal is to present the most important achievements related to the mentioned turn, and consider their impact on recent examples of thinking about photography, i.e. its use in ethnological and anthropological research in Serbia. This paper emphasizes the examples that are important in the theoretical, methodological, or applied-scientific framework.

In Algeria: Pierre Bourdieu's Photographic Fieldwork

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Schultheis ◽  
Patricia Holder ◽  
Constantin Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Visual Anthropology ◽  
Visual Sociology ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Analytical Skills ◽  
Algerian Population ◽  
The Status ◽  
Insight Into

Today Pierre Bourdieu is well known as one of the most important social scientists of the 20th century. One of the outstanding qualities of his work has been his innovative combination of different methods and research strategies as well as his analytical skills in interpreting the obtained data (his ‘sociological gaze’). In this paper, we attempt to retrace the development of an extraordinary way of doing social research and show the benefit of Bourdieu's visual sociology for his empirical fieldwork and sociological theory. The article particularly stresses the significance of his photographic archive, which has long been ignored within the appreciation of Bourdieu's work. Studying Bourdieu's photography gives access to his æuvre in several new ways: not only can we understand how Bourdieu became an unconventional sociologist practicing his craft in the midst of a colonial war. Bourdieu's visual anthropology also offers an insight into the status nascendi of Bourdieu's sociology in all its elementary forms and contents. Through his photography Boudieu demonstrated the concepts of ‘ habitat and habitus’, the material and symbolic living conditions of the Algerian population.

The Ebola 100 Project: A Flexible Approach to Collaborative Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-14
Author(s):  
Kristin Post
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Human Subjects Research ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Organizational Responses ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Military

Abstract In order to collaborate on human subjects research, social scientists require flexible approaches that allow them to adhere to legal and ethical protections specific to their community or profession. Such flexibility is illustrated in the Ebola 100 Project (2018), a “voluntary, collaborative, multi-institutional, and international” anthropological research project that captured lessons learned about organizational responses to the West Africa Ebola outbreak of 2014–2015. The inclusive project comprised almost a dozen investigators from government and non-government organizations from several different countries. A few of the project's United States contributors worked as part of the Translational Research Group, a research facility housed under the Marine Corps culture center. These researchers had access to potential participants in the military and experience conducting qualitative research in compliance with Department of Defense human subjects protection regulations. One outcome of the inclusive and flexible design of the Ebola 100 Project is that it allows for participation from relatively under-represented populations in traditional anthropological research, such as United States military personnel. Upon completion of the Ebola 100 Project, researchers interested in analyzing the experiences and stories of individuals who responded to a global health emergency can access more than 100 interviews.

A Fractured Position in a Stable Partnership: Ebba Hult, Gerard De Geer, and Early Twentieth Century Swedish Geology

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Staffan Bergwik
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
Structural Nature ◽  
Individual Actions ◽  
Geological Research

ArgumentThis article explores the scientific partnership between geology professor Gerard De Geer and his wife Ebba Hult following their marriage in 1908. De Geer was an influential participant in Swedish academia and international geology. Hult worked as his assistant until his death in 1943. The partnership was beneficial for both spouses, in particular through the semi-private Geochronological Institute, which they controlled. The article argues that marriage was a culturally acknowledged form of collaboration in the academic community, and as such it offered Hult access to geological research. However, the paper also argues that the gendered scientific institutions produced a fractured position. Partly, Hult managed to create her own role as researcher in geochronology. As a woman and a wife, however, she never moved out of her husband's shadow. Gender is understood as a relational category: Hult was an outsider who participated partially in standardized structures which gave great power to her husband and other men. The fact that she shared this status with other women in Swedish science at the time indicates the structural nature of their position. Nevertheless, they all had individual trajectories through academia. Indeed, the study of collaborative couples illustrates the multifaceted links between individual actions and the historical context of science.

scholarly journals ACADEMIC INTEGRITY: CHALLENGES OF MODERNITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
Olena Trynus
Keyword(s):  
Academic Integrity ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
The State ◽  
Scientific Policy ◽  
Academic Fraud ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
European Experience ◽  
Effective Instrument ◽  
Definition Of

In recent years, the Ukrainian academic and educational community has been addressing issues of academic integrity and the implementation of international academic standards. In the civilized academic world, a fundamental role attaches to the fundamental values of academic integrity as an effective instrument for the quality of education ensuring, the moral and ethical image of a modern educator and scientist formation, the creation of a highly competitive society. In the article the essence of the concept "academic integrity" in modern discourse is revealed, and its components are presented. The European experience in counteracting of academic fraud has been analyzed; its most widely used methods are outlined. It has been found that there is no ideal way of counteracting academic abuse in the world; standardized procedures for assessing the educational policy of academic institutions regarding academic integrity have not been developed. The information on the SAIUP project (Strengthening Academic Integrity in Ukraine Project), which was launched in Ukraine to promote academic integrity, has been submitted. The scientific policy of the Ivan Ziaziun Institute of Pedagogical Education and Adult Education for preventing manifestations of academic unfairness is described, as well as the introduction of a system of measures to avoid manifestations of academic plagiarism and selfplagiarism, citation errors, and practice of falsification of scientific research. It is concluded that the views of the academic community on the problems of academic integrity depend to a large extent on the state policy and definition of the system of social values and ethical norms by educational and scientific institutions. The proposals on adherence to academic integrity in Ukraine on the state and institu-tional levels are substantiated.

Ukrainian Scientific Society in intellectual space late nineteenth – early twentieth century

2017 ◽  
pp. 206-212
Author(s):  
Zinayida Zaytseva
Keyword(s):  
Academic Community ◽  
Scientific Society ◽  
Academic World ◽  
Scientific Societies ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
Scientific Reputation ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Century Science

This article examines creation of «Scientific Society named after Taras Shevchenko in Lviv» and «Ukrainian Scientific Society in Kiev». Trends of their activity witch provide joining with global academic community are discoursed. Particular attention is paid to the role of M.Hrushevskyi in establishment of scientific and academic foundations of Ukrainian scientific societies functioning. It is proved that in the XIX century science has become an almost ideological monopoly that shaped not only the natural cosmological segment of people's world outlook, but also an understanding of reality that shaped the socioeconomic and political strategies for its reform or even revolutionary transformation. It is determined that this attitude impressed the Ukrainian national intelligentsia. The conclusions note that the foundations of scientific institutions were perceived by intellectuals of oppressed nations as a means of national-cultural liberation, the positioning of their nation among civilized nations. Convincing object-object orientation of scientific publications of NTU and CNT caused their recognition by the academic world. Imperative observance of academic performance parameters by Ukrainian societies formed their functional equivalents with academies of sciences, contributed to the incorporation of these societies into the world scientific space, establishing dialogue with the culture and science of Europe. The scientific reputation of Ukrainian societies is confirmed by the membership of a number of outstanding foreign scientists in them. Keywords: Intellectual area, scientific societies, academy, M. Grushevsky, scientific communications

scholarly journals Echoes from Gusti’s School: Historical, Epistemological, and Destiny Bonds between Sociology and Anthropology

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-162
Author(s):  
Gheorghiță Geană
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Cultural Anthropology ◽  
Family Studies ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Anthropological Research

In the interwar period of time, a team of four to six biological anthropologists headed by Francisc Rainer attended the monographical researches in the framework of Dimitrie Gusti’s Sociological School. After war, while sociology was abolished by the communist political regime, anthropology survived under the leadership of the physician Ștefan Milcu, an ex-member of Rainer’s team. As Director of the Anthropological Research Centre, Milcu took over the idea of monographical research ‒ this time from a bioanthropological perspective. However, he invited to researches a few social scientists to cover some aspects of demography, family studies, ethnography etc. Among them, especially Traian Herseni and Vasile Caramelea (under the protection identity of “demographer”, “or statistician”) produced outstanding contributions to the monographs of the villages Clopotiva, Bătrîna, Nucșoara & Cîmpu lui Neag ‒ all of them in the district of Hațeg, an ancient county of great importance for understanding the genesis of the Romanian people. A collateral super-effect of this activity was the foundation ‒ în 1964, at Vasile Caramelea’s initiative ‒ of the Section of cultural anthropology in the organization of the Anthropological Research Centre. This inauguration is interpreted again as “an adequate illustration of Thomas Kuhn’s theory about the changing of paradigm în science” (Geană, 2014b).

Ethnography Bytes Back: Digitalising Visual Anthropology

2005 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Murdock ◽  
Sarah Pink
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Visual Anthropology ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Information And Communications Technologies ◽  
Written Text ◽  
Emerging Media ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
Communications Technologies ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
Multimedia Technologies

The last decade has seen a sustained debate about the limits and biases of traditional fieldwork practice. The same period has also seen the launch and adoption of a range of new digital information and communications technologies (ICTs), including CD-ROMs, the internet, digital photography and film, and multi-function mobile phones. Investigating how these emerging media are encountered and worked with in a range of everyday settings has opened up a range of new areas and questions for anthropological research, while underlining the central challenges currently facing ethnographic practice. Visual anthropologists are particularly well placed to explore the possibilities opened up by innovations in multimedia technologies since their investigative and presentational practices have, from the outset, sought to use photography and film alongside written text and recorded speech. Their patchy, but nonetheless important, efforts to encourage subjects to take their own photographs and make their own films have also introduced more participatory modes of investigation. Drawing on a range of recent work, this paper explores how visual anthropologists are currently using both the multimedia and interactive properties of emerging media to develop new forms of practice across the three key moments of research: ethnographic investigation, analysis and interpretation, and presentation. In particular, it looks at how varying combinations of digital media are being employed to assemble ‘thicker’ accounts of everyday practices and beliefs that incorporate participant as well as researcher productions, develop modes of analysis that are more self-reflexive, collaborative and participatory, and construct hypermedia archives and research presentations that are open ended and interactive.

Sociology of the Japanese, by the Japanese, for the Japanese: A short history of unintentional indigenization of sociology in Japan

2021 ◽  
pp. 026858092110575
Author(s):  
Eiji Oguma
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Japanese Society ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Short History ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Specific Nature ◽  
History Of ◽  
Public Demand

The majority of Japanese social scientists have treated the idea of indigenization of social sciences as unrelated to them. However, sociology in Japan also has its own characteristics shaped by the structure of the Japanese society. Since long ago, Japanese sociologists have tried to analyze the unique characteristics of Japanese society and published numerous books on this subject for the Japanese public. Even their eagerness to introduce Western theories of sociology was an integral part of this effort to elucidate Japan’s ‘uniqueness’. The fact that Japan was not colonized and managed to develop an extensive domestic education/labor/language/publishing market played an important role in this predominantly domestic focus of Japanese sociology. The specific nature of the domestic public demand also contributed to this situation. Although it has been gradually changing since 2000s, this autarky resulted in a weak presence of Japanese sociology in the global academic community.

Studies of political elites in Russia: issues and alternatives☆

2000 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Gel’man ◽  
Inessa Tarusina
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Transition Studies

Studies of political elites have emerged rapidly in post-Communist Russia. This state-of-theart article reflects on various developments in the field, analyzes research projects and frameworks, and focuses on two major issues of elite research: stratification studies and transition studies. The formation of an academic community in this field is close to completion. Russian scholars commonly accept different theoretical and methodological approaches from those employed by Western social scientists, but the lack of value-free work and comparative studies makes Russian studies of political elites somewhat isolated from the mainstream of social research.

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