scholarly journals Counter-urbanization and “return” to rurality? Implications of COVID-19 pandemic in Bulgaria

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-560
Author(s):  
Desislava Pileva ◽  
Ivaylo Markov
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Southeastern Europe ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
The Past ◽  
Internal Mobility ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

The studies of the movements between the city and the village generally (especially in Southeastern Europe) refer to analyses of the processes of urbanization, and rarely focus on the so-called counter-urbanization. However, over the past decade, the increasing environmental sensitivity of a part of the urban population in active age, as well as the emergence of social movements that promote a slow and environmentally friendly lifestyle have intensified the anti-urban trends. The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and the measures introduced to limit its spread have created a new social reality in which people continue their lives in ways that for many differ from the previous routine, influencing also the mobility patterns. Hence, the article aims at analyzing the urban-rural migration in Bulgaria within the context of the current coronavirus crises. Our thesis is that the pandemic enhances internal mobility in the medium term, since the physical distancing motivates people to spend more time outdoors and away from the urban environment. At the same time, some of them are able to seek spatial freedom in rural areas due to the opportunity to work and study from distance. In this respect, the ethnographic case studies presented in the text show the peculiar impact the constantly alternating imposition and lifting of certain restrictions has on the mobility decision-making and lifestyle of individuals and entire families.

scholarly journals MIGRATION PATTERN OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN RURAL (Case Study of young people in Ciasmara Village, Pamijahan District Bogor Regency)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Roni Jayawinangun ◽  
Muslim .
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Household Members ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

Low natural resources that support the economy and the inability of people in access is one factor that makes many villagers unable to accumulate capital. Mobilization out of the village is the most logical step taken by villagers to keep them alive. The existence of job opportunities elsewhere and the condition of the village that is no longer conducive will affect the mobility patterns of household members in the village. This research aimed:1) Identify portraits of young villagers on the potential of Ciasmara Village Resources; 2) Identify the driving factors that make young people in rural areas migrate to the city. Quantitative method was used to processed the data using descriptive analysis to know the characteristics of respondents the data processed using the average score is the perception of youth against the village resources and the factors driving and pulling migration. This research found thatPortrait of young people towards Ciasmara Village Resources is generally considered good. In general the attraction of the City is greater than the appeal of the Village. There are four indicators of towing power of the City that is high salaries, the number of job options, the opening of vacancies and work more than one.

scholarly journals THE GENESIS OF THE CONCEPT OF URBAN-RURAL TERRITORY AND ITS ESSENTIAL DIMENSION

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Boiko
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large City ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Economic Balance ◽  
Logistics Process ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

The article deals with theoretical issues of development of urban areas. Usually, urban-rural territory is defined as an idea and phenomenon, which expresses the rejection of the antinomy of the city and the village, their too rigid "physical", or landscape and social distribution. So, the city, the countryside and the space between them are considered as one. It should be noted that strong links of different nature - economic, social, political, cultural, recreational, etc. - are formed between the city and the village. In powerful urban-rural formations exist peripheral suburbs, which allows to combine urban life with rural. Urban-rural territory is a space consisting of several components, namely a large city, smaller cities or towns, villages and their environment. It is considered that the transition from the city center to the province occurs through the middle link - the periphery. The most important driving force behind urban-rural areas is the increase due to population migration to cities and vice versa. This is explained by finding opportunities to meet their own needs. In this context, it should be noted that migrations, especially if they are permanent, are determined by the intensity of the urban-rural connections. They are a consequence of the logistics process. Logistic level can be estimated by agglomerative links. So, urban-rural area is not only a system consisting of geographical space and settlements. At first, it is a system of connections that create a supportive framework of interaction between settlements in time and space, which is determined by various factors such as migration, economic balance, financial flows, environment and more.

KEBANGGAAN TERHADAP BATIK MADURA BAGI WARGA SUMENEP

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayyida Sayyida ◽  
Nurdody Zakki
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Community Group ◽  
Parametric Regression ◽  
Logit Function ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City ◽  
Level Of Risk ◽  
Non Parametric

Diversity of Indonesian Batik hanging area. One of the very well-known Indonesian batik is Batik Madura. Batik Madura has become a pride for Indonesia, especially for Madura. The purpose of the study is to model the Sumenep pride to Batik Madura and to see the level of risk or tendency of batik madura pride for the community group Sumenep. This research method uses a non parametric regression used a non-parametric regression because the dependent variable in this study is the variable Y are variables not normally distributed. The results of this study states that the level of risk of the village in Sumenep proud of batik is almost 5 times higher than the islands while people in this city who live in the district town at risk Sumenep proud of Batik Madura 8-fold compared to the archipelago. So it can be concluded that the city is much more proud of batik than those who reside in rural areas especially those who reside in the islands. This study uses data from 100 questionnaires were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. The conclusion of this study is the pride of the batik model as follows: Function logistic regression / logit function: g (x) = 0,074 + 1,568X4(1)+2,159X4(2 this is case the islands as a comparison, X4(1)  is the place to stay in the village and X4(2)  is the place to stay in town, so the Model Opportunities p(x) = EXP(g(x))/1+EXP(g(x)).  Hopes for further research is to conduct research on the development of batik in an integrated region, the need to be disseminated to potential areas of particular potential in Madura batik, especially for residents who reside in the Islands.Keywords: Pride, Batik, Sumenep.

Исследование психологических особенностей восприятия города Бишкек городскими и сельскими студентами

2019 ◽  
pp. 98-100
Author(s):  
Д. М. Кудайбердиева
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Space Perception ◽  
Language Barrier ◽  
Rural Students ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
The Past ◽  
Spatial Environment ◽  
The City

Аннотация. В данной статье рассматривается проблема восприятия городской среды студентами из города и сельской местности. Обозначены определения терминов «среда», «пространственная среда», «городская среда». Проведено экспериментальное сравнительное исследование особенностей восприятия города Бишкек городскими и сельскими студентами в количестве 50 человек. Статья содержит результаты проведенного анализа исследования. Выявлены различия и сходства в восприятии города Бишкек у студентов двух групп. В контексте восприятия города изучена неудовлетворенность прошлым и настоящим временем, трудности языкового барьера у студентов из сельской местности. Также было выявлено, что актуальной для студентов обеих групп является потребность в социальных контактах, общении, включенности в социум. Полученные результаты будут иметь пользу в проведении воспитательной работы со студентами из сельской местности, в оказании поддержки им в период адаптации с учетом особенностей восприятия города студентами. Ключевые слова. среда, городская среда, восприятие пространства, городские студенты, сельские студенты, восприятие города Бишкек, неудовлетворенность прошлым и настоящим, языковой барьер, учеба в городе, сходства и различия в восприятии города. Аннотация. Бул макалада шаардык жана айылдан келген студенттердин шаардык чөйрөнү кабыл алуу көйгөйү каралган. «Чөйрө», «мейкиндик чөйрө», «шаардык чөйрө» терминдеринин түшүнүктөрү келтирилген. 50 адамдан турган шаардык жана айылдык студенттердин Бишкек шаарын кабыл алуу өзгөчөлүктөрүнө эксперименталдык салыштырма изилдөө жүргүзүлгөн. Макалада изилдөөнүн анализ жыйынтыктары камтылган. Эки студенттик топторунун Бишкек шаарын кабыл алуусунун айырмачылыктары жана окшоштуктары белгиленген. Шаарды кабыл алуу контекстинде өткөн жана учур чактарга канагаттанбоо, тил барьеринин кыйынчылыктары изилденди. Ошондой эле студенттердин эки тобуна актуалдуу болуп социалдык катнаштарга, баарлашууга, коомго кошулуу муктаждыгы белгиленүүдө. Алынган жыйынтыктар студенттердин шаарды кабыл алуу өзгөчөлүктөрүнө эске алып, айылдан келген студенттерге адаптация убагында колдоо көрсөтүү максатында тарбиялык иштерди жүргүзүүдө жардам берет. Түйүндүү сөздөр. Чөйрө, шаардык чөйрө, мейкиндикти кабыл алуу, шаардык студенттер, айылдык студенттер, Бишкек шаарын кабыл алуу, өткөн жана учур чакка канагаттанбоо, тил барьери, шаарда окуу, шаарды кабыл алуусунун айырмачылыктары жана окшоштуктары. Annotation. This article addresses the problem of perception of the urban environment by students from the city and countryside. The definitions of the terms “environment”, “spatial environment”, and “urban environment” are indicated. An experimental comparative study of the characteristics of the perception of the city of Bishkek by urban and rural students in the amount of 50 people was conducted. The article contains the results of the analysis of the study. The differences and similarities in the perception of the city of Bishkek among students of the two groups are revealed. In the context of the perception of the city, dissatisfaction with the past and the present has been studied, and the difficulties of the language barrier among students from rural areas. It was also revealed that the need for social contacts, communication, inclusion in society is relevant for students of both groups. The results will have the benefit of conducting educational work with students from rural areas, in providing support to them during the adaptation period, taking into account the peculiarities of the perception of the city by students. Кeywords. Environment, urban environment, space perception, urban students, rural students, perception of the city of Bishkek, dissatisfaction with the past and the present, language barrier, studying in the city, similarities and differences in the perception of the city.

scholarly journals Occupational Safety and Hygiene of Dentists from Urban and Rural Areas in Terms of Sharp Injuries: Wound Structure, Causes of Injuries and Barriers to Reporting—Cross-Sectional Study, Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Garus-Pakowska ◽  
Mariusz Górajski ◽  
Ewelina Gaszyńska
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

(1) Background: Frequent contact of the dentist with potentially infectious material (PIM) is undeniable. The aim of the study was to determine the frequency and type of injuries, as well as to identify barriers to reporting and barriers to the implementation of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) among dentists from urban and rural areas. (2) Methods: We surveyed 192 dentists using an anonymous questionnaire. (3) Results: During the 12 months preceding the survey, 63% of dentists from the village and 58.8% of dentists from the city suffered at least one superficial cut, and deep cuts 15.1% and 17.6% respectively. Contact with PIM through spitting on the conjunctiva was 58.9% and 52.1% (village vs. city). Needle stick injuries were 50.4% and fingers were affected in 48.8% cases. The causes of injuries were: inattention 54.7%, rush 27%, unpredictable behavior of the patient 19%, recapping 18.2%. Work in the countryside was associated with a 1.95-times greater chance of not reporting injuries. The distance from a hospital with antiretroviral treatment may be a barrier to the implementation of PEP. (4) Conclusion: The circumstances of the injuries and the reasons for not applying for antiretroviral treatment point to the areas of necessary dentist education in this topic.

Methodological Dimensions of Delineating Peri-urban Areas: The Case of Kolkata Metropolis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-194
Author(s):  
Dinabandhu Mondal ◽  
Sucharita Sen
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
The Past ◽  
Social Transitions ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Metropolitan Cities ◽  
Municipal Boundaries ◽  
The City ◽  
Complex Characters

In the past few decades, due to urbanization and spatial expansion of cities beyond their municipal boundaries, complex interactions between the city and its surrounding rural areas have occurred, resulting in the formation of peri-urban spaces or zones of transition. There is a plurality of definitions for these peri-urban spaces, due to their diverse character in terms of land and water use, livelihood shifts, demographic and social transitions. Most peri-urban areas, specifically those around large metropolitan cities, are increasingly assuming complex characters, which call for governance structures beyond rural–urban binaries. For any administrative intervention of a serious nature in peri-urban areas, a standard methodology for demarcation of these spaces is required. This article is an attempt to develop and apply such a methodology beyond the existing ones, using government sources of data, in the case of Kolkata Metropolis. This article uses socio-economic and land-use characteristics to achieve this objective. It finds that peri-urban spaces do not necessarily develop uniformly around the city; instead, they are fragmented and could be located both near or relatively far from urban areas.

Death and survival in the city: approaches to the history of disease

Urban History ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bill Luckin
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
The Past ◽  
Physical Context ◽  
History Of Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Elusive Concept

Now that the debate about the standard of living during the first half of the nineteenth century appears to have entered a relatively quiescent phase, historians have begun to turn their attention towards the more elusive concept of the quality of life. The incidence of fatal and non-fatal disease is clearly central to research of this type and so, too, is a delineation of the physical context in which infections have flourished and in which those who have been afflicted by them have lived. Although there has been a tendency to underestimate the ferocity of epidemics in rural areas in the period after about 1750, historians working on disease in the modern period are inevitably most usually concerned with processes which are specifically urban in character. And urban historians, especially those interested in such topics as the development of utilities, the growth of administrative bureau-cracies or the spatial segregation and different life experiences of the classes, can undoubtedly benefit from a knowledge of patterns of infection in the past.

Rural Tourism and Rural Development under the Integrated Planning Background - Huangtuling Village Tourist Plans in Laiyuan, Baoding

2014 ◽  
Vol 1044-1045 ◽  
pp. 1533-1537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Chao Wang ◽  
Ning Wang
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Rural Tourism ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Urban And Rural Residents ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Village

The urban-rural integration is a new stage of urbanization,which is the process of the development of productive forces and promoting the production of urban and rural residents, is the process that has the characteristics of resources between urban and rural areas of mutual integration, mutual resources, mutual market, mutual service, and which will gradually reach rural coordination between the development process. Rural tourism is derived from the developed countries of advanced concepts, with the tourism planning and designing tools of Laiyuan Huangtuling, we put the native village of the existing land, ancient architecture, historical and cultural resources together. and using the designing tools to make travel, leisure, culture, food , and other node element for redesigning, excavating the existing resources within the village, both to highlight the local characteristics, and good protection of the natural environment, and embodies the essence of the role of urban-rural integration.

scholarly journals Reasons for Migration Reverse in Estonia

2005 ◽  
pp. 139-149
Author(s):  
Mare Ainsaar
Keyword(s):  
Internal Migration ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Case Analysis ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
Population Changes ◽  
The Past

During the past 30 years migration trends in most European countries have revealed some signs of deconcentration. The aim of this paper is to analyse the reasons of such deconcentration. For that purpose we will give an overview of literature on reasons of migration turnaround and provide a deeper case analysis of one country - Estonia. In Estonia internal migration ? rst turned in favour of rural areas in 1983. The trends of deconcentration continued and rural population increased at the expense of urban population at least until the end of the 1990s. The Retrospective Estonian Living Conditions Survey of 1999 is used to analyze the possible changes in reasons for migration turnaround. That survey provides a unique opportunity for comparing reasons of migration during periods of concentration and deconcentration. In the empirical part of this paper deconcentration will be de? ned as an out? ow of population from administrative town borders into rural areas. We will not distinguish between particular types of deconcentration for practical reasons of data limitation. We are particularly interested in migration because migration seems to be the most important factor contributing to quick population changes.

scholarly journals PERANAN SENI PERTUNJUKAN BARIKAN QUBRO DALAM MENDUKUNG PARIWISATA KEPULAUAN KARIMUNJAWA KABUPATEN JEPARA JAWA TENGAH

JOGED ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-58
Author(s):  
Surojo Surojo ◽  
Iqbal Satrio Wicaksono
Keyword(s):  
Positive Response ◽  
Cultural Performance ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
The Past ◽  
Village Government ◽  
Performing Art ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

Tulisan ini memaparkan tentang peranan pertunjukan Barikan Qubra dalam mendukung pariwisata di Karimunjawa. Barikan Qubra semula adalah upacara adat bulanan, di mana setiap penduduk Karimunjawa membuat sesaji tumpeng kecil, telur, garam, kacang ijo,  dan cabe merah. Sesaji ini diletakkan di perempatan desa (sekarang sudah menjadi di tengah kota), dengan maksud sebagai ungkapan rasa syukur warga atas panen ikan setiap hari, harapan keselamatan setiap warganya, dan agar dijauhkan dari gangguan penyakit.  Adat Barikan Qubra dilaksanakan setiap hari Kamis Wage menjelang Jumat Pon. Namun 5 tahun belakangan ini dijadikan sekali dalam setahun. Pemerintah desa dengan segenap simpatisan budaya membentuk panitia penyelenggara dengan konsep pergelaran budaya yang lebih besar. Setelah dilaksanakan pertama kali di tahun 2015 dan mendapat tanggapan positif dari seluruh elemen masyarakat, maka ujicoba  ini dijadikan event penting di setiap tahunnya, guna meningkatkan kedatangan wisatawan. Barikan Qubra yang dahulu sebagai upacara adat kini dikemas sebagai seni pertunjukan arak-arakan yang menarik, namun tidak meninggalkan nilai ritual mereka. Arak-arakan atau pawai upacara Barikan Qubra menjadi hal yang ditunggu-tunggu setiap tahunnya. Pawai Barikan Qubra dilaksanakan dari perempatan desa menuju pelabuhan atau dermaga di mana para nelayan  beraktivitas mencari ikan. Tidak hanya sampai di situ, puncak acara pertunjukan berakhir di Alun-alun desa Karimunjawa di mana para warga dan pengunjung menjadi satu dengan wisatawan. Gunungan yang dibuat dengan ukuran besar menjadi rebutan para pengunjung yang hadir. Masyarakat percaya, apabila mendapatkan bagian dari gunungan tersebut, mereka akan mendapat banyak berkah dari Tuhan. This paper presents the results of research on the role of the Barikan Qubra show in supporting tourism in Karimunjawa. The original Qubra was a monthly traditional ceremony, in which every Karimunjawa resident made small cone offerings, eggs, salt, green beans and red chili. These offerings are placed at the village intersection (now in the middle of the city), with the intention of expressing gratitude for waraga for harvesting fish every day and being kept away from diseased diseases and the safety of every citizen.   Indigenous Barikan Qubra which is held every Thursday Wage before Friday Pon, the past 5 years are made once a year. The village government with all cultural sympathizers formed an organizing committee with the concept of a larger cultural performance. After being implemented in 2015 received a positive response from all elements of society, the trial was made an important event every year, to increase tourist arrivals. Baring the Qubra which used to be a traditional ceremony is now packaged as an interesting performing art but does not abandon the value of their rituals.   Indigenous Barikan Qubra which is held every Thursday Wage before Friday Pon, the past 5 years are made once a year. The village government with all cultural sympathizers formed an organizing committee with the concept of a larger cultural performance. After being implemented in 2015 received a positive response from all elements of society, the trial was made an important event every year, to increase tourist arrivals. Baring the Qubra which used to be a traditional ceremony is now packaged as an interesting performing art but does not abandon the value of their rituals.

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