scholarly journals Spectroscopic investigation of two Serbian icons painted on canvas

2015 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 805-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Damjanovic ◽  
Olgica Marjanovic ◽  
Milica Maric-Stojanovic ◽  
Velibor Andric ◽  
Ubavka Mioc
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Lead White ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Micro Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Green Earth ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Different Parts

Multianalytical study of two Serbian icons, ?The Virgin and Child? and ?St. Petka?, painted on canvas by unknown authors was performed in order to identify materials used as pigments, binders and ground layer. Investigated icons belong to the Museum of the Serbian Orthodox Church in Belgrade. Samples, collected from different parts of the icons, were analysed by: optical microscopy (OM), energy dispersive X-Ray fluorescence (EDXRF), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Obtained results reveal presence of the following pigments: Prussian blue, ultramarine, green earth, iron oxides, lead white and zinc white. Linseed oil was used as a binder. Materials used for ground layers were gypsum, calcite, baryte and lead white. Gilded surface of the icon ?The Virgin and Child? was made of gold. Gilded surface on the frame of this icon was made of imitation of gold i.e. Schlagmetal, since EDXRF spectroscopy showed presence of copper and zinc, while gold was not detected. Based on style and art historian consideration as well as on obtained results for corresponding pigments and binder both icons were the most probably made at the end of 19th or beginning of the 20th century.

scholarly journals Spectroscopic study of an icon painted on wooden panel

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-393
Author(s):  
Sofija Stojanovic ◽  
Maja Gajic-Kvascev ◽  
Ljiljana Damjanovic
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Paint Layer ◽  
Blue Pigment ◽  
Blue Colour ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Micro Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Green Earth ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Wooden Panel

Russian icon painted on wooden panel analyzed in this work is interesting for art historians because there is no precise information in which workshops it was made or who the author was. Similar icons are often found in churches and monasteries in our region. In order to obtain information about materials used for creation of investigated icon two micro-analytical techniques were used: Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence spectroscopy (EDXRF) and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Obtained results confirmed presence of following materials: lead-white, vermilion, minium, ultramarine, brown and green earth pigments and silver in combination with yellow organic varnish, which served to an iconographer for gilding. Ground layer was made of calcite. Blue pigment ultramarine was probably used for blue colour as well as for obtaining particulars hues in several parts of the paint layer. This can be important information for further research concerning particular workshop in which the icon was made. Identified materials are typical for Russian iconography of the 19th century.

Investigation of the Cross-Section Stratifications of Icons Using Micro-Raman and Micro-Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1258-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitra Lazidou ◽  
Dimitrios Lampakis ◽  
Ioannis Karapanagiotis ◽  
Costas Panayiotou
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Lead White ◽  
Chrome Yellow ◽  
Micro Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

The cross-section stratifications of samples, which were removed from six icons, are studied using optical microscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and micro-Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The icons, dated from the 14th to 19th centuries, are prominent examples of Byzantine painting art and are attributed to different artistic workshops of ​​northern Greece. The following materials are identified in the cross-sections of the icon samples using micro-Raman spectroscopy: anhydrite; calcite; carbon black; chrome yellow; cinnabar; gypsum; lead white; minium; orpiment; Prussian blue; red ochre; yellow ochre; and a paint of organic origin which can be either indigo ( Indigofera tinctoria L. and others) or woad ( Isatis tinctoria L.). The same samples are investigated using micro-FT-IR which leads to the following identifications: calcite; calcium oxalates; chrome yellow; gypsum; kaolinite; lead carboxylates; lead sulfate (or quartz); lead white; oil; protein; Prussian blue; saponified oil; shellac; silica; and tree resin. The study of the cross-sections of the icon samples reveals the combinations of the aforementioned inorganic and organic materials. Although the icons span over a long period of six centuries, the same stratification comprising gypsum ground layer, paint layers prepared by modified “egg tempera” techniques (proteinaceous materials mixed with oil and resins), and varnish layer is revealed in the investigated samples. Moreover, the presence of three layers of varnishes, one at the top and other two as intermediate layers, in the cross-section analysis of a sample from Virgin and Child provide evidence of later interventions.

scholarly journals Use of WetSEM® capsules for convenient multimodal scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and micro Raman spectroscopy characterisation of technetium oxides

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Bailey ◽  
M. C. Stennett ◽  
J. Heo ◽  
N. C. Hyatt
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Powder Materials ◽  
Spectroscopy Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Micro Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Sem Imaging ◽  
General User ◽  
532 Nm

AbstractSEM–EDX and Raman spectroscopy analysis of radioactive compounds is often restricted to dedicated instrumentation, within radiological working areas, to manage the hazard and risk of contamination. Here, we demonstrate application of WetSEM® capsules for containment of technetium powder materials, enabling routine multimodal characterisation with general user instrumentation, outside of a controlled radiological working area. The electron transparent membrane of WetSEM® capsules enables SEM imaging of submicron non-conducting technetium powders and acquisition of Tc Lα X-ray emission, using a low cost desktop SEM–EDX system, as well as acquisition of good quality μ-Raman spectra using a 532 nm laser.

scholarly journals Characterization of a Mahamayuri Vidyarajni Sutra excavated in Lu’an, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Liu ◽  
Decai Gong ◽  
Zhengquan Yao ◽  
Liangjie Xu ◽  
Zhanyun Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tang Dynasty ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Lead White ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Micro Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Historically, sutras played an important role in spreading Buddhist faith and doctrine, and today these remain important records of Buddhist thought and culture. A Mahamayuri Vidyarajni Sutra with polychrome paintings was found inside the cavity on top of the Nanmen Buddhist pagoda, built in the early Tang dynasty (618–627 CE) and located in Anhui Province, China. Textile was found on the preface which is strongly degraded and fragile. Unfortunately, the whole sutra is under severe degradation and is incomplete. Technical analysis based on scientific methods will benefits the conservation of the sutra. Optical microscopy (OM), micro-Raman spectroscopy combined with optical microscope (Raman), scanning electron microscopy in combination with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM–EDS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the pigment and gilded material, as well as the paper fiber and textile. Pigments such as cinnabar, minium, paratacamite, azurite, lead white were found. Gilded material was identified as gold. A five-heddle warp satin, made of silk, was found as the textile on the preface of the sutra. The sutra’s preface and inner pages were made of paper comprised of bamboo and bark. As a magnificent yet recondite treasure of Buddhism, the sutra was analyzed for a better understanding of the material. A conservation project of the sutra will be scheduled accordingly.

Combined synchrotron x-ray diffraction and micro-Raman for following in situ the growth of solution-deposited YBa2Cu3O7 thin films

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 3270-3273 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Berberich ◽  
H. Graafsma ◽  
B. Rousseau ◽  
A. Canizares ◽  
R. Ramy Ratiarison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Micro Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
High Temperature Process ◽  
Structural Growth ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Insight Into

A unique combination of in situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction and in situ micro-Raman spectroscopy was used to study the growth process of YBa2Cu3O6+x films obtained by metal organic decomposition using trifluoroacetate precursor on LaAlO3 substrates. The techniques give complementary information: x-ray diffraction gives insight into the structural growth, whereas micro-Raman spectroscopy gives information of the chemical composition with additional information on the texture. To perform both experiments in situ, a special high-temperature process chamber was designed.

Enhanced yield strength in iron nanocomposite with in situ grown single-wall carbon nanotubes

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 522-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Goyal ◽  
D.A. Wiegand ◽  
F.J. Owens ◽  
Z. Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Iron Matrix ◽  
Single Wall Carbon ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Micro Raman Spectroscopy

The yield strength of iron-carbon nanotube composites fabricated by in situ chemical vapor deposition of 2.2 vol% single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) inside an iron matrix showed substantial enhancement up to 45%, relative to that of similarly treated pure iron samples without carbon nanotubes of the same piece density. The work hardening coefficient and the Vickers hardness coefficient also significantly increased in these composites relative to the reference samples. X-ray diffraction together with energy dispersive x-ray measurements and micro-Raman spectroscopy indicated no concomitant formation of carbides and very little amorphous carbon during the vapor deposition process. Micro-Raman spectroscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed spectral signatures and images, respectively, indicating the formation and dispersion of SWNTs within the cavities of the iron matrix. It is suggested that the increased strength of the nanocomposites was due to the mechanical support provided to these cavities by the extremely strong SWNTs.

Dehydrogenation and Polymerization of TiOxHy Films in Obtaining Anatase Coating at Low Temperature

2002 ◽  
Vol 749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kouichi Takayama ◽  
Shigeo Ohshio ◽  
Hidetoshi Saitoh
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Crystal Size ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Amorphous Films ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Titanium Tetra Isopropoxide

ABSTRACTChemical-vapor-deposition of titanium tetra-isopropoxide (TTIP) under the atmosphere at low temperature has been conducted. The structure of the obtained films was assessed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry and Raman spectroscopy. These analyses indicated that amorphous TiOxHy films were obtained at gas temperatures in the range of 150–300 °C, and crystalline anatase-TiO2 film was formed at 350 °C. This distinction is accounted for by plausible chemical reactions as follows; the hydroxyl reaction of TTIP below 350 °C promotes the formation of the amorphous TiOxHy. As the temperature goes up to 350 °C, dehydrogenation of the TiOxHy films promotes to form crystalline TiO2. Also the obtained amorphous films were annealed for 10 min under the atmosphere in assessing the transformation proceeding in the solid state. The structural change is shown at 350 °C, indicating that the crystalline phase would be formed via dehydrogenation and polymerization on the surface of the amorphous phase under the atmosphere. The crystal size of the annealed films was evaluated in assessment for the transformation.

Metal Deposition on Laser Modified Teflon Surfaces

1995 ◽  
Vol 385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Lätsch ◽  
Hiroyuki Hiraoka ◽  
Joachim Bargon
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Metal Deposition ◽  
Polymer Surfaces ◽  
Good Adhesion ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Micro Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Polymer Adhesion ◽  
Secondary Ion

ABSTRACTCu, Ni, and Au were deposited with defined patterns and good adhesion by electroless plating, e-beam evaporation, and sputtering onto Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE), Teflon ET (PTFE-co-ethylene), Teflon FEP (PTFE-co-hexafluoropropylene) and Teflon PFA (PTFE-coperfluoroalkoxy vinyl ether) surfaces. The polymers had been irradiated in a tetramethyl – ammonium hydoxide solution (TMAH) by a Nd:YAG laser at 266 rim and by an excimer laser at 248 nrm prior to the metal deposition process. Both, the treated and virgin polymer surfaces were characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) and Micro-Raman spectroscopy. The increased metal to polymer adhesion at the interface was found to be due to chemical changes and is in the order Ni > Cu ≅ Au.

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