scholarly journals Competitive advantages of multinational companies: A review of theoretical approaches

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biljana Pesalj
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Multinational Companies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Organizational Mechanisms

According to knowledge and network-based theories of multinational companies (MNCs), the main source of MNC competitive advantage is the creation and transfer of knowledge within the MNC system. The processes of knowledge creation and knowledge transfer are extensively investigated in the present literature. However, there are issues that are still underdeveloped, such as control and organizational mechanisms as a micro foundation of modern MNC theories. This paper is aimed at presenting an overview of the modern theoretical approaches of MNC competitive advantages from the managerial point of view. The applicability of these concepts is further considered in the case of MNC affiliates doing their business in transition economies in order to provide guidelines for future empirical research.

scholarly journals The role of religious experience in the knowledge transfer process

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Fascia
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Business Success ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Business Context ◽  
Context Knowledge ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Transfer Mechanisms

The importance given to knowledge in relation to business success has never been sogreat as it is today and there is a substantive amount of important and informed studiesreflecting this. Nonetheless, informed approaches by prominent authors generally focuson knowledge transfer mechanisms and the efficiency of these mechanisms to supportand deliver competitive advantage (Nonaka, 1994; Grant, 1996; Argote and Ingram,2000; Alavi and Leidner, 2001). An overarching objective of understanding efficientknowledge transfer is therefore a central caveat for businesses wishing to achievesuccess and maintain competitive advantage since it is clear that any significantdegradation of efficiency will directly affect this objective. Many studies do recognisedthe creation of knowledge as a significant factor in determining how effectively abusiness develops, and knowledge creation, theorised by (Nonaka and Takeuchi, 1995),is used as a baseline for numerous historic and current studies. To date however, therehave been few studies which denote the affect of socio-cultural or religious phenomenawithin a transfer scenario as significant, and how this interaction may affect the outcomeof the knowledge shared or exchanged in a business context. This paper thereforeexamines how, in a business context, knowledge transfer is influenced by perspectivesgiven to the knowledge. This rational is deliberate since the transfer of knowledge israrely a simple unproblematic event, (Argote et al., 2000). In this regards, we look at asignificant amount of literature and research which has been constructed in a bid tounderstand both the problematic nature surrounding the mechanics of the transfersequence and definition of the term ‘knowledge’ to support the establishment ofmeaningful baselines. The paper then summarises these theoretical baselines intosegmented contexts with deliberate intention

scholarly journals Commercial Banks Versus BPR: Advantages Based On Perception, Hope And Customer Interest

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-112
Author(s):  
Hesti Budiwati
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Six Sigma ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Public Trust ◽  
Lean Six Sigma ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Public Funds ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Six Sigma Approach

Commercial banks and Bank Perkreditan Rakyat are two different types of banks whose existence in society aims to raise and channel public funds to improve people's lives. The facts show that there is a sharp competition between the two types of banks in terms of gaining public trust to become bank customer but although these two types of banks are different but still able to develop well in society. This study aims to identify the factors that become competitive advantage at Commercial Banks and Bank Perkreditan Rakyat from the customer's point of view based on customers' perceptions, expectations and interests so banks can determine competitive strategy. The approach used in this research is Lean Six Sigma approach with a sample of 60 respondents consisting of 30 customers of Commercial Banks and 30 customers of Bank Perkreditan Rakyat. Respondents will be asked to respond to research instruments based on their perceptions, expectations and interests. The results of the study there are five competitive advantages in Commercial Banks (1) promotions made, (2) reward appeal, (3) saving security, (4) cleanliness and comfort of the room, (5) friendliness, courtesy and neatness. Bank Perkreditan Rakyat obtained competitive advantage that is (1) cleanliness and comfort of the room,(2) ability and alertness of the officers, (3) friendliness, courtesy and neatness, (4) saving security, (5) familiarity  of the officer with the customer. In addition there are similarities there are interesting differences that is on the excellence of promotional activities and the attractiveness of prizes at Commercial Banks. and the familiarity of officers with customers at Bank Perkreditan Rakyat.

scholarly journals Identifying and capitalizing new sources of competitive advantages is a vital prerequisite for corporate sustainability

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 453-463
Author(s):  
Roberta-Laura Jianu Galav
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Corporate Sustainability ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Relational Capital ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
The One

AbstractOn both the research agendas of the specialists in the academic field and those of the decision makers in the field of public policies, there are a series of topics of reflection among the most provocative which calls on researchers to identify solutions to new challenges. These include the prevalence of topics such as: threats to climate balance, deepening inequalities in welfare and prosperity, paradigm shifts in management and leadership, the emergence of on demand economy, just transition or the new scale of competitive advantages. At the microeconomic level, one of the most complex issues is that of business sustainability, which, under the conditions of the new global economic picture, must be equally efficient, economically, sustainable, socially, and resilient from an ecological point of view. Despite the most renowned experts analyzing the concept of competitive advantage, having highlighted the epistemological and praxiological foundations and clarified the variables on which its scope depends, the regional and global economic picture in dynamic change makes the analytical space continue. for this thematic area. This paper starts from the methodological assumption that the decision makers at the level of the companies must ensure the possible but synergistic combination between: the objective of maximizing the profit and the one of taking into account the plenary of maximizing the sales or of extending the relational capital. The main purpose of this paper is to study the deepest changes at the microeconomic level of the competitive advantage scale, the factors that influence these changes and propose a series of ways by which the companies that operate in Romania can be repositioned sustainably at the level of the most powerful regional supply chains.

scholarly journals Multinationals And The Bargaining Dynamic Among Least Developed Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-35
Author(s):  
Mauricio Lascurain Fernandez ◽  
Luiz Fernando Villafuerte Valdés
Keyword(s):  
Direct Investment ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Multinational Companies ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Extractive Sector ◽  
The Moment ◽  
National Governments

Most of the twentieth century, relations among multinational companies and the governments of the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) were seen as conflictive, mainly in the extractive sector, as the former were considered as highly exploitative. However, this vision has evolved by two essential factors: a) the acceleration of the process of economic globalization in the last 30 years and b) certain advantages LCDs have promoted to foster economic growth at the moment Multinationals Companies (MNCs) are installed in their territories. The major concern of national governments in the LDCs is that some MNCs have greater influence and negotiation power than governments themselves because of the infrastructure deficiencies and competitive advantages, placing them in an unfavorable position at the time to negotiate with MNCs. This paper tries to identify the bargaining dynamic among multinationals and LDC governments, and the effects on the latter ones. Key words: Foreign Direct Investment, Bargaining strategies, Economic globalization, least development countries, Theoretical approaches. Number of classification: JEL: F23, F51, F02, O10, B49     Recebido em: abril/2017. Aprobado em: maio/2017.

scholarly journals O QUE SABEMOS SOBRE AS BARREIRAS À TRANSFERÊNCIA DE CONHECIMENTO? UM ESTUDO BIBLIOMÉTRICO SOBRE INTERNAL STICKINESS

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Valdemilson De Assis Alves de Araujo ◽  
Isabel Cristina Scafuto
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Intellectual Structure ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Social Management ◽  
Positive Factor

Objective of the study: to identify the intellectual structure of research on Internal Stickiness (IS) from the references existing in publications on this topic.Methodology / Approach: a bibliometric analysis of quotation and quotation was used, as well as a network analysis. The sample, after worked and free of articles that were not part of the theme, was composed of 152 articles from 1994 to 2018.Originality / Relevance: The transfer of knowledge and best practices among members of the organization has attracted considerations from academia and organizations, because the company's competitiveness is directly linked to the knowledge acquired and its sharing. The difficulty of transferring knowledge and best practices in organizations is represented by the term Internal Stickiness (IS).Main results: three fields were identified that guide research on (IS): Knowledge Transfer; Knowledge transfer as a positive factor for the organization; Knowledge Transfer and Strategic Innovation.Theoretical / methodological contributions: it was possible to identify that there was no review article on the topic (IS). So, this study was able to contribute with the theory and show the existing works that had a greater influence on (IS).Social / management contributions: it is noticed that the existing articles deal with (IS) as the difficulty of knowledge transfer. With this, this study can also contribute to the practice of knowledge transfer, mainly because this theme is related to the development of competitive advantage in companies.Keywords: Internal Stickiness; Knowledge Transfer; Bibliometric.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Foreign Experience in Implementing Cluster Policy

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Alla Kalinina ◽  
Elena Petrova ◽  
Marina Lapina ◽  
Alexandra Rvacheva
Keyword(s):  
Critical Mass ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Cluster Policy ◽  
Cluster Development ◽  
Geographical Concentration ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Regional Cluster ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Definition Of

The article represents the results of the comparative analysis of implementing cluster policy in foreign and Russian practice. The proposed methodology is based on the main characteristics of clusters (the presence of competitive enterprises, the presence of competitive advantages for cluster development in the region, geographical concentration and proximity, a wide range of participants and the presence of “critical mass”, the presence of links and interaction between cluster members) that characterize them as complex economic structures. Creating clusters involves a number of studies at the territorial level, which, above all, relate to determining the competitive advantages of the territory in a particular industry. Therefore, at the first stage of benchmarking, the authors propose to systematize theoretical approaches to the definition of “cluster” category. The second stage involves identifying the features of the cluster approach as a tool to improve the competitiveness of individual territories, regions, economies. At the last stage, authors determine structuring of foreign and Russian experience in the development of clusters and analyze the approaches to implementing cluster policy and identify their strengths and weaknesses. In contrast to the existing methods for assessing the potential of a cluster, the approach implemented in this article makes it possible to identify not only promising territories from the point of view of the industry clusterization, but also to identify possible participants of such a cluster, which is the most promising in forming regional cluster development programs in the regional economy. The article presents the approbation of the proposed methodology for the Russian Federation based on statistical data for 2014–2016. The authors highlight industries and enterprises that can be clustered, which will ensure adequate support of regional authorities.

Knowledge Transfer Strategies within Family Firm Succession

2014 ◽  
pp. 266-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Hatak ◽  
Dietmar Roessl
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Family Firm ◽  
Empirical Approach ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Family ◽  
Transfer Strategies

A firm's knowledge is considered a key strategic asset in the course of generating competitive advantages. However, especially within family firm succession, there is a high risk that knowledge embedded if the predecessor leaves the organization. Thus, in order to maintain the family firm's competitive advantage an understanding of the challenges regarding the knowledge transfer within family firm succession is needed. In this chapter, the authors employ a qualitative empirical approach to identify context-based knowledge transfer strategies and develop a typology of transfer constellations. The results provide insight for students, researchers, consultants, policy makers and family firm leaders, who are searching for the most appropriate knowledge transfer strategy given the nature, philosophies and traditions of specific small and medium sized family firms.

scholarly journals Knowledge Management in Transition Economies: Selected Key Issues and Possible Research Avenues

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snejina Michailova ◽  
Elena Sidorova
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Knowledge Flows ◽  
Management Literature ◽  
Key Issues

Most of the existing literature on knowledge and knowledge management has a Western or Japanese origin. While this literature provides important insights and findings, these may not necessarily be successfully replicable in other contexts and may lose some of their relevance when applied there. Such and similar observations have given a rise to a substantial number of knowledge management studies conducted in non-Western settings, among those transition economies. We highlight three particular challenges to the knowledge management literature in transition economies: moving beyond the extension of existing knowledge to instead developing contextualized and distinct knowledge; shifting from studying unidirectional knowledge transfer to examining multidirectional knowledge flows; and changing emphasis from studying knowledge transfer to studying knowledge creation.

Knowledge Transfer and Knowledge Creation in Virtual Teams

2016 ◽  
pp. 110-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nory B. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Tacit Knowledge ◽  
Virtual Teams ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Sustainable Competitive Advantage ◽  
Tacit Knowledge Transfer ◽  
New Knowledge

Tacit knowledge transfer and knowledge creation represents perhaps the best means of sustainable competitive advantage through continual innovation. As organizations become more distributed in their different offices, virtual teams become more common and valuable. The question of how these virtual teams can effectively transfer tacit knowledge and create new knowledge thus becomes of importance to organizations. This chapter focuses on this issue and presents supporting evidence related to tacit knowledge transfer and creation, virtual teams, and how businesses can effectively harness capacity of virtual teams to transfer valuable tacit knowledge and create new knowledge.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE MARKETING ACTIVITY OF A MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polina Sokol ◽  
Maryna Ihnatova ◽  
Olga Pivovarova
Keyword(s):  
Business Environment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Marketing Activity ◽  
Marketing Environment ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
A Company

The article outlines the main directions of marketing activities of the production enterprise. The effectiveness of marketing activity of a business entity from the point of view of economic indicators is investigated. Finds that the formation of a set of indicators is the basis for the analysis of efficiency, which allows a phased evaluation of strategy implementation and helps to find answers about further actions in a competitive environment. The analysis of recent researches and publications has been carried out and it has been discovered that today there is a lask of unified approach and appropriate methods for assessing the effectiveness of both marketing activity in general and its individual structural elements. Theoretical approaches to the category of "efficiency" of marketing, which characterizes the competitiveness of the production enterprise, are considered. It is proved that marketing activity is characterized not only by the ratio of the obtained financial results but also the other factors of internal and external marketing environment that may have an impact on the end results (for example, sales volume, revenue, profitability, ets.). Features of marketing communications of the enterprise are considered. Competitive advantages and disadvantages of the presented real enterprise are determined. The process of determining the effectiveness of marketing activity is substantiated, revealing the main indicators that influence its level. The economic position of the production enterprise in a competitive business environment is justified. The directions and measures to improve the marketing activities of the production enterprise are proposed. The conclusion is made that the calculation of a complex indicator of the effectiveness of marketing activities of a company is a significant direction in assessing the state and level of development of the marketing complex at the enterprise. The indicator allows it to quickly detect and eliminate deviations in the achievement of goals and tasks, which, accordingly, affects the overall efficiency of the enterprise's production and economic activity.

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