scholarly journals Occupational stress and arterial hypertension

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovica Jovanovic ◽  
Milan Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Job Dissatisfaction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Occupational Hazards ◽  
Occupational Stressors ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Occupationally Exposed

Introduction Arterial hypertension is an important medical, social and economic problem in the working population. Factors of occupational exposure lead to a much faster and more frequent occurrence of this disease and its consequential complications. Among these factors the following take an important place: noise, carbon monoxide, job dissatisfaction, microclimate conditions, chemical agents, shift work, night work, monotonous work and so on. The purpose of this study was to analyze working conditions, working environment, work demands and identification of occupational Stressors and their influence on development of arterial hypertension. Material and methods This investigation included 3470 workers and it examined technological processes, working time, job satisfaction, interpersonal relations and physical and chemical hazards of their workplaces. The exposed group consisted of 2270 workers occupationally exposed to Stressors. Control group included 1200 workers whose workplaces were without Stressors. Workers of exposed group were divided into 14 subgroups in regard to presence of occupational hazards. Results Arterial hypertension was established in 39.9% of workers of exposed group, which is statistically significantly more than in controls (25.7%). The highest prevalence of arterial hypertension was at workers who were dissatisfied with the job and who were at the same time occupationally exposed to noise and carbon monoxide. Family predisposition and smoking have cumulative effects with occupational hazards. Discussion Possible mechanisms of arterial hypertension development include activation of adrenergic nervous system, renin-angiotensin aldosteron system, higher concentrations of steroids, catecholamines and free radicals caused by occupational hazards. Conclusion Occupational Stressors are significant factors in development of arterial hypertension of exposed workers. The most important Stressors are noise, carbon monoxide and job dissatisfaction.

Study on Kidney Function in Female Workers Exposed to Perchlorethylene

1990 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 377-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vyskočil ◽  
S. Emminger ◽  
J. Tejral ◽  
Z. Fiala ◽  
E. Ettlerova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Dry Cleaning ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Occupationally Exposed

1 Biochemical markers of kidney damage were examined in 16 female workers chronically exposed to tetrachlorethylene (TCE) in five dry-cleaning shops. The results were compared with those obtained in 13 females non-occupationally exposed to organic solvents. 2 The intensity of exposure was monitored by personal environmental monitoring. The time-weighed average exposure to TCE amounted to 157 mg m-3 (range 9-799 mg m-3). A satisfactory agreement was found between the concentration of TCE in ambient air sampled with the charcoal tube method and with a passive dosimeter. 3 The urinary excretion of lysozyme was increased in the exposed group. No difference was found in the urinary excretion of albumin, β2-microglobulin, lactate dehydrogenase, total proteins or glucose. The prevalence of abnormal values of biochemical parameters in the exposed group did not differ from that observed in the control group. No correlation was found between the level of TCE exposure and biochemical parameters. 4 The present study suggests that chronic exposure to TCE does not lead to renal damage.

scholarly journals Effect of Aluminium on the Levels of Some Essential Elements in Occupationally Exposed Workers

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fateheya Metwally ◽  
Manal Mazhar
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Serum Copper ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exposed Workers ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Urine Levels

Effect of Aluminium on the Levels of Some Essential Elements in Occupationally Exposed WorkersThe mechanism of aluminium-induced cytotoxicity has not yet been defined. This study investigated possible changes in essential elements in workers occupationally exposed to Al fumes. It included 60 exposed workers and a matching control group of 60 employees not occupationally exposed to Al. Mean serum copper, calcium, zinc and iron were significantly lower in the exposed group than in controls. In addition, mean plasma and urine levels of Al were significantly higher in the exposed employees than in the controls. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between plasma and urinary Al and the studied essential elements. These findings corroborate the hypothesis that Al exposure has an adverse effect on essential elements in humans, with subsequent impact on the cellular enzymatic and metabolic processes.

Three Day Environmental Exposure May Trigger Oxidative Stress Development and Provoke Adaptive Response Resulting in Altered Antioxidant Activity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zlatko ZIMET ◽  
Marjan BILBAN ◽  
Joško OSREDKAR ◽  
Borut POLJŠAK ◽  
Teja FABJAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Biological Marker ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Working Day ◽  
Stress Damage

Background: We aimed to investigate the polluted working environment triggers oxidative stress and alter enzymatic antioxidant activity by a short-term interval. Methods: The experimental study, performed in 2014, involved 94 workers from the Velenje Coalmine in Slovenia, arranged into three groups according to a number of consecutive working days in a mineshaft, supported by a control group. Levels of the antioxidant enzymes (GPx, CAT, SOD) together with TAC (the combined effect of all antioxidants) and 8-isoprostane (a biological marker of oxidative stress/damage) were measured in human plasma. Results: Workers occupationally exposed for three consecutive working days had significantly increased 8-isoprostane biomarker, a parameter of oxidative stress (P<0.001). The antioxidant levels of TAC (P<0.001), CAT (P<0.001) and SOD (P<0.001) were all significantly decreased compared to a control group. Conclusion: Workers in polluted working environment had significantly increased oxidative stress and altered antioxidant activity already on a third consecutive working day.

scholarly journals Neurotoxic effects of organic solvents among workers in paint and lacquer manufacturing industry

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 22-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovica Jovanovic ◽  
Milan Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Conduction Velocity ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Leather Industry ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Exposed Workers ◽  
Neurotoxic Effects

Introduction Organic solvents are chemically different compounds with one common feature: they dissolve fats, oils, resins, cellulose acetate and cellulose nitrate, which makes them widely used in industry. Most often organic solvents are used in paint and lacquer industries, in production of pesticides, plastics, explosives, rubber, cellulose, air conditioners, in pharmaceutical industry and in leather industry. The aim of this research was to analyze the working environment and professional hazards in paint and lacquer manufacturing industry and evaluate effects of chronic exposure to mixture of organic solvents on nervous system of exposed workers. Methodology The exposed group consisted of 50 workers professionally exposed to these noxae, while the control group consisted of 30 workers who have never been exposed to these noxae. Results Examination of working environment in departments of paint and lacquer manufacturing revealed presence of white spirit and toluene above allowed levels. Exposed workers more frequently complained of fatigue, hand numbness, enhanced excitation, and concentration difficulties, forgetfulness and headaches, than workers from the control group. Electroneurographic examination of n. medianus showed reduced motor and sensitive conduction velocity among exposed in comparison to workers from the control group. Reduced motor and sensitive conduction velocity was correlated with duration of exposure to these noxae. Terminal latency of n. medianus was statistically, significantly longer in the exposed group than in the control group. Workers in the exposed group have statistically significantly longer reaction time in response to acoustic and visual stimuli. Discussion Segmental demyelination and axonal degeneration, as forms of damage to peripheral nerves, were identified as responsible for peripheral neuropathy associated with occupational exposure to organic solvents. Conclusion Results of this study show possible neurotoxic effects of noxae detected in the phase of analysis of working conditions and working environment of examined workers.

scholarly journals Positive correlation between micronuclei and necrosis of lymphocytes in medical personnel occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Petrovic ◽  
Andreja Leskovac ◽  
Gordana Joksic
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Micronucleus Assay ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Interphase Cell ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Occupationally Exposed

BACKGROUND: Current radiation protection standards are based on premise that any radiation dose may result in detrimental health effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate extent of the DNA damages (measured by induction of micronuclei) and interphase cell death in circulating lymphocytes of medical personnel exposed to ionizing radiation. METHODS: Baseline micronuclei were assessed using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus test. Cytotoxicity was analyzed by flow cytometry for human white blood cells to identify cells that displayed apoptosis-associated DNA condensation. Necrotic cells were analyzed simultaneously. All parameters were compared with corresponding controls. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference (t = 4.54, p = 0.002) was found between exposed and control group in the yield of baseline micronuclei. The level of baseline micronuclei correlated positively with necrosis of leucocytes (r=0.09, p=0.68 in exposed group, r=0.02, p=0.97 in controls). An inverse correlation between baseline micronuclei and apoptosis was noted in both groups of examinees (r = -0.26, p = 0.27 in exposed group, r = -0.09, p=0.80 in controls). The data obtained also suggested an inverse correlation between necrosis and apoptosis (r = -0.37, p = 0.11 in exposed group, r = -0.89, p = 0.001 in controls). CONCLUSION: Flow cytometry being a rapid, fast, and accurate method is strongly recommended in evaluation of radiation injuries. The integration of apoptosis and necrosis into micronucleus assay could be very important in the assessment of cumulative effects of ionizing radiation in occupationally exposed medical personnel.

scholarly journals DNA damage and cytotoxicity in pathology laboratory technicians exposed to organic solvents

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
TATIANE DE AQUINO ◽  
FERNANDA F. ZENKNER ◽  
JOEL H. ELLWANGER ◽  
DANIEL PRÁ ◽  
ALEXANDRE RIEGER
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Buccal Cells ◽  
Pathology Laboratory ◽  
Micronucleus Frequency ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Laboratory Workers ◽  
Cytome Assay

The aim of this study was to evaluate potential DNA damage and cytotoxicity in pathology laboratory technicians exposed to organic solvents, mainly xylene. Peripheral blood and buccal cells samples were collected from 18 technicians occupationally exposed to organic solvents and 11 non-exposed individuals. The technicians were sampled at two moments: Monday and Friday. DNA damage and cytotoxicity were evaluated using the Comet Assay and the Buccal Micronucleus Cytome assay. Fifteen subjects (83.5%) of the exposed group to solvents complained about some symptom probably related to contact with vapours of organic solvents. DNA damage in the exposed group to solvents was nearly 2-fold higher on Friday than on Monday, and in both moments the individuals of this group showed higher levels of DNA damage in relation to controls. No statistical difference was detected in buccal cell micronucleus frequency between the laboratory technicians and the control group. However, in the analysis performed on Friday, technicians presented higher frequency (about 3-fold) of karyolytic and apoptotic-like cells (karyorrhectic and pyknotic) in relation to control group. Considering the damage frequency and the working time, a positive correlation was found in the exposed group to solvents (r=0.468; p=0.05). The results suggest that pathology laboratory workers inappropriately exposed to organic solvents have increased levels of DNA damage.

scholarly journals Health Risk of Occupational Exposure in Welding Processes II. Immunological Effects

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenka Borská ◽  
Zdeněk Fiala ◽  
Ctirad Andrýs ◽  
Jan Krejsek ◽  
Jaroslav Tejral
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Alpha 1 Antitrypsin ◽  
Beta 2 Microglobulin ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Welding Processes

Many of epidemiological studies have certified the relationship between welding and various forms of health damages. In our study we performed an immunological research within a group of twenty men, working in the risky environment of manufacturing of stainless steel constructions (11 welders and 9 grinders, average age was 31 years, 55 % of smokers, average time period in welding occupational exposure was 8 years). The exposed group of men was compared with a group of healthy blood donors, marked as the control group (people with various types of employment, living in same locality as a people from exposed group). People within the control group were not occupationally exposed to harmful chemical compounds (from 30 to 100 men were chosen for the individual immune parameters, average age of the whole group was 38 years, 40 % of smokers). When compared with the control group, the exposed group of welders and grinders showed higher level of C3 complement (p<0.001), orosomucoid (p<0.05), beta-2–microglobulin (p<0.001), neopterin (p<0.001) and all fagocytic cells (p<0.001). On the contrary, in the group of exposed people decreased values of IgA (p<0.001), IgG (p<0.001), IgM (p<0.001), transferin (p<0.001), alpha-1–antitrypsin (p<0.001), alpha-2–macroglobulin (p<0.001), haptoglobulin (p<0.001) and ceruloplasmin (p<0.05) were found. Some of these changes were characteristic for the exposed group. They could be considered as precursors of biological markers of effect for given type of exposure.

scholarly journals Evaluation of micronuclei in oral mucosa of individuals exposed to ionizing radiation: a pilot study from Celaya, México

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Padilla-Raygoza ◽  
María del Rocio Adame Gutiérrez ◽  
Itza Zelene Moreno Martínez ◽  
Vicente Beltran-Campos ◽  
Silvia del Carmen Delgado-Sandoval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Genetic Damage ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Chi Square Test

Introduction: Occupational exposure to ionizing radiation can potentially lead to adverse health effects, including cancer and genetic defects. Genetic damage caused by radiation can be detected if micronuclei are observed. The objective of this pilot study was to detect the presence of micronuclei in cells of the oral mucosa in inidividuals occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation.Methods:  We implemented a pilot case-control study in which we compared oral mucosa micronuclei in 30 medical and nursing personnel in radiology centers in Celaya, Mexico, with 30 volunteers not exposed to ionizing radiation recruited from a public University. The oral mucosa was brushed and the amount of micronuclei was quantified. Chi-square test or t-test for two proportions were used to compared ionizing radiation and genetic damage between exposed and non-exposed groups.Results: The exposed group had an average of 5.37 ± 3.49 micronuclei and the non-exposed had 0.37 ± 0.61 (P<0.01). In the exposed group, 90% of participants exhibited genetic damage compared to 6.67% in the unexposed group (P<0.05).Conclusion: In this pilot study, medical and nursing staff from radiology centers presented with higher genetic damage compared to control group. Further studies are needed to identify the prevalence of genetic damage due to occupational radiation exposure in Mexico.

scholarly journals Health Risk of Occupational Exposure in Welding Processes I. Genotoxic Risk

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenka Borská ◽  
Zdeněk Fiala ◽  
Jindra Šmejkalová ◽  
Jaroslav Tejral
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Welding Fumes ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Genotoxic Risk ◽  
Welding Processes

The welding processes belong among the important sources of occupational pollutions. The welding fumes are ranked, according to the classification of IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer), into the group of 2B. In our study we have performed the investigation of twenty men (exposed group) working in the stainless steel welding industrial processes (11 welders and 9 grinders, average age was 31 years, 55 % of smokers, average time period of welding occupational exposure was 8 years). The concentrations of chromium (0.557–16.343 mg/m3) and nickel (0.340–10.129 mg/m3) in occupational atmosphere highly exceeded established values of maximum permitted concentrations (0.1 and 1.0 mg/m3, respectively). The concentrations of manganese did not exceed its permitted values. Total concentrations of 12 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in occupational atmosphere varied from 300.9 to 961.2 ng/m3. For purposes of biological monitoring, the levels of chromosomal aberrations were determined in the exposed and control group. Healthy blood donors servedas a control group. People from that group were not occupationally exposed to harmful chemical compounds (20 men, average age was 36 years, 40 % of smokers). Increased level of chromosomal aberrations of exposed group brought the evidence about higher genotoxic risk of investigated welding processes.

scholarly journals Changes in the compound zeta potential of erythrocyte membranes in patients with arterial hypertension and obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 342-346
Author(s):  
V. I. Podzolkov ◽  
T. V. Koroleva ◽  
A. E. Bragina ◽  
A. I. Tarzimanova ◽  
M. G. Kudryavtseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Charge ◽  
Important Place

The development of microcirculatory disorders is considered to be one of the earliest changes in the cardiovascular system with a combination of arterial hypertension (AH) and obesity. The rheological properties of blood play a significant role in the system of microcirculation. An important place in changing the rheological characteristics of blood is largely assigned to erythrocytes. Aggregation of erythrocytes is closely related to the magnitude of the surface-bound charge of their membranes or zeta potential of erythrocyte membranes. Purpose. To study the state of compound zeta potential of erythrocyte membranes in patients with hypertension and obesity. Material and methods. The study included 112 patients with AH and Index of Mass Corporal more than 30 kg/m2 (main group); the control group consisted of 25 people without AH and obesity. All patients of the main group received standard antihypertensive, lipid-lowering and hypoglycemic therapy to achieve the target levels of the indices under correction. Results. The level of compound zeta potential of erythrocyte membranes in patients with AH and obesity was significantly lower than in the control group and amounted to 1.57 ± 0.06 × 107 and 1.67 ± 0.03 × 107, respectively (p < 0.05). At the same time, in patients of the main group with an increase in AH, lower indices were noted. In patients with AH and obesity, a significant inverse correlation was found between the compound zeta potential of erythrocyte membranes and the degree of hypertension, which indicates a negative effect of hypertension on the rheological properties of blood at the microvasculature level. A correlation analysis was carried out to evaluate the association between Index of Mass Corporal and zeta potential of erythrocyte membranes in obese hypertensive patients. A negative direct correlation was revealed (r = 0.7, p < 0.05). Conclusion: a decrease in the total charge of erythrocytes can be considered as an early sign of microrheological disorders in patients with a controlled course of arterial hypertension and obesity.

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