scholarly journals Filter function synthesis by Gegenbauer generating function

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Vlastimir Pavlovic
Keyword(s):  
Generating Functions ◽  
Free Parameter ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Pass Band ◽  
Filter Function ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
New Class ◽  
Good Shape ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Amplitude Characteristics

Low-pass all-pole transfer functions with non-monotonic amplitude characteristic in the pass-band and at least (n -1) flatness conditions for ? = 0 are considered in this paper. A new class of filters in explicit form with one free parameter is obtained by applying generating functions of Gegenbauer polynomials. This class of filters has good selectivity and good shape of amplitude characteristics in the pass-band. The amplitude characteristics of these transfer functions have gain in the upper part of pass-band with respect to the gain for ? = 0. This way we have greater margin of attenuation in the upper part of the pass-band. This means a greater tolerance of elements or for elements with given tolerances, greater ambient temperature changes. The appropriate choice of the free parameter enables us to generate filter functions obtained with Chebyshev polynomials of the first and second kind and Legendre polynomials.

Programmable Universal Filters Using Current Conveyor Transconductance Amplifiers

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (07) ◽  
pp. 1750121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanat Nonthaputha ◽  
Montree Kumngern
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Current Mode ◽  
Current Conveyor ◽  
Pass Band ◽  
Cmos Process ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Band Pass ◽  
Transconductance Amplifiers ◽  
Biquadratic Filters ◽  
High Pass

This paper presents new programmable universal biquadratic filters using current conveyor transconductance amplifiers (CCTAs) by which both voltage- and current-mode filters can be obtained. The proposed filters use second-generation current conveyor (CCII) which is the first stage of CCTA to operate as current conveyor analog switch (CCAS) and this CCAS will be used to program the filtering functions such as low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, band-stop and all-pass filters. Unlike previous universal filters, the filtering functions of the proposed filters can be programmed using the bias currents of CCTAs without changing any input and output connections. The natural frequency and quality factor of all filtering functions can be controlled electronically and orthogonally using the bias currents of transconductance amplifiers. Also gain response of all transfer functions can be adjusted. The active and passive sensitivities of the filters are low. The proposed programmable filters have been simulated using 0.18[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m CMOS process from TSMC. PSPICE simulation results are included to confirm workability of the proposed circuits.

scholarly journals Shape of impulse response characteristics of linear-phase nonrecursive 2D FIR filter function

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-143
Author(s):  
Vlastimir Pavlovic ◽  
Dejan Milic ◽  
Jelena Djordjevic-Kozarov
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Impulse Response ◽  
Stop Band ◽  
Fir Filter ◽  
Pass Band ◽  
Linear Phase ◽  
Filter Function ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
New Class ◽  
The Given

An analytical method for the new class of linear-phase multiplierless 2D FIR filter functions generated by applying the Christoffel-Darboux formula for classical Chebyshev polynomials of the first and the second kind, proposed in [6] was used for designing of linear-phase multiplierless 2D FIR filter described in this paper. Correct transformation from continuous two-dimensional domain into the z domains without residuum and without errors is described. The proposed solution high selectivity is a filter function in the z1 domain, and the Hilbert transformer in the z2 domain. The impulse response coefficients of proposed 2D FIR filter functions are presented in this paper, and corresponding examples of impulse response are illustrated. The paper also presents detailed analysis of the size of pass-band and stop-band of proposed multiplierless linear-phase 2D FIR filter function. Normalized surface area of the filter function pass-band is 3.45789156 10-5 for given maximal attenuation of 0.28 dB. Normalized surface area of the filter function stop-band is 80.395% for the given minimal attenuation of 100 dB.

scholarly journals The analysis of conditions for preservation of gain-frequency and phase-frequency characteristics optimality under analog and digital filters transformation

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-58
Author(s):  
A. V. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Response ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Pass Band ◽  
Bilinear Transformation ◽  
Frequency Transformation ◽  
Fast Decline ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Frequency Transformations ◽  
Low Pass Filters ◽  
Upper Boundary

Prototype filters have wide usage for the design of filters with required quality indexes (QI) of gain-frequency response (GFR). The designed filter is obtained from a prototype filter b means of frequency transformation, which preserves these QI. But most of employed frequency transformations result in variations of QI of phase-frequency response (PFR). In this paper we proposed to use prototype filters that are Pareto-optimal for QI of GFR and PFR. Transfer functions of these filters may be found by means of heuristic optimization algorithms. This method will be efficient if the frequency transformation preserves the optimality of filters. It was shown that frequency transformation has this feature if it preserves the result of QI comparison (more or less) for filters with equal orders. Compliance of this criterion was checked for bilinear transformation of analog low pass filters (LPF) into digital LPF and for Konstantinidis transformation of digital LPF into other digital LPF. The analysis showed that Pareto-optimality for QI of GFR and PFR is preserved if the delay-frequency characteristic of the filter has a minimum at zero frequency and has a maximum at the upper boundary of the pass band. These conditions are complied for LPF with sufficiently small unevenness of GFR in the pass band and sufficiently fast decline of GFR at higher frequencies. Examples confirming these conclusions are given.

VERSATILE TRANSADMITTANCE-MODE OTA-C UNIVERSAL BIQUAD FILTER USING MINIMUM COMPONENTS WITH INDEPENDENTLY ELECTRONIC TUNABILITY

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (07) ◽  
pp. 1450102 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHEN-NONG LEE
Keyword(s):  
Pass Band ◽  
Cmos Process ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Filter Function ◽  
Matching Conditions ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Biquad Filter ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Passive Sensitivity

This paper presents a transadmittance-mode (TAM) universal biquad filter with independently electronic tunability. The proposed biquad filter only employs three operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) and two grounded capacitors which are the minimum components count necessary for realizing independently electronic tunability of the parameters ω0 and ω0/Q without the need of control factors matching conditions. Moreover, the proposed circuit still achieves nearly all of the main advantages: (i) simultaneous realizations of universal filtering responses (low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, band-reject and all-pass) from the same topology, (ii) versatile input/output functions, (iii) orthogonally electronic tunability of the parameters ω0 and Q without the need of control factors matching conditions, (iv) no need of any resistors, (v) cascadable feature for all input and output terminals, (vi) no need of extra inverting or non-inverting amplifiers, (vii) the employment of only grounded capacitors, (viii) no component-value constraints (except for allpass filter function) and (ix) low active and passive sensitivity performances. H-spice simulations with TSMC 0.35 μm 2P4M CMOS process technology validate theoretical predictions.

scholarly journals Novel Cascadable Current Mode Translinear-C Universal Filter

2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudhanshu Maheshwari ◽  
Iqbal A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Harmonic Distortion ◽  
Current Mode ◽  
Pass Band ◽  
Universal Filter ◽  
High Impedance ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Single Input ◽  
Band Pass

A novel cascadable current-mode universal filter employing three current-controlled conveyors (translinear conveyors) and two grounded capacitors is proposed. The circuit with single input and three high-impedance current outputs, ideal for cascading, realizes low-pass, band-pass, and inverting band-reject transfer functions. Inverting high-pass and inverting all-pass transfer functions are obtained by simply connecting the available outputs. The proposed circuit enjoys tuning through external currents, low total harmonic distortion (THD), good dynamic range, attractive sensitivity performance and is ideal for IC implementation.

scholarly journals Analysis of finite tolerance effect of critical pole on characteristics of selective RC active special Gegenbauer filters

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlastimir Pavlovic ◽  
Aleksandar Ilic ◽  
Zlata Cvetkovic
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Stop Band ◽  
Active Filters ◽  
Pass Band ◽  
New Class ◽  
Factor Module ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Finite Gain

A precise analytical method for finding the explicit expression for the characteristic function of special Gegenbauer filters applicable to the design of RC active filters is suggested in this paper. The adverse parasite effects of limited finite gain-bandwidth product of operational amplifiers are decreased by using filters with the low pass-band attenuation. The new class of continual filter functions generated by analytical method by extremal Christoffel-Darboux formula for orthogonal Gegenbauer polynomials has two parameters. One is the filter order, n, and the second one is real free parameter, v, which provides a wide range of the amplitude responses. In this paper, a detailed analysis of attenuation and insertion loss in the bandwidth and around the stop-band cut-off frequency, wcs, are carried out using 3D plots and using examples of the effect of finite tolerance of quality factor module, Q, of critical conjugate-complex poles of considered RC active filter functions.

scholarly journals FPAA-Based Realization of Filters with Fractional Laplace Operators of Different Orders

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Stavroula Kapoulea ◽  
Costas Psychalinos ◽  
Ahmed S. Elwakil
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Fractional Order ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Pass Band ◽  
Laplace Operators ◽  
Conventional Procedure ◽  
Programmable Analog ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Band Pass

A simple and direct procedure for implementing fractional-order filters with transfer functions that contain Laplace operators of different fractional orders is presented in this work. Based on a general fractional-order transfer function that describes fractional-order low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, band-stop and all-pass filters, the introduced concept deals with the consideration of this function as a whole, with its approximation being performed using a curve-fitting-based technique. Compared to the conventional procedure, where each fractional-order Laplace operator of the transfer function is individually approximated, the main offered benefit is the significant reduction in the order of the resulting rational function. Experimental results, obtained using a field-programmable analog array device, verify the validity of this concept.

VOLTAGE-MODE DDCC-BASED MULTIFUNCTION FILTERS

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 93-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
HUA-PIN CHEN ◽  
KUO-HSIUNG WU
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Slight Modification ◽  
Pass Band ◽  
Current Conveyors ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Voltage Mode ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Biquadratic Filter ◽  
Multifunction Filter ◽  
Passive Sensitivity

Two new voltage-mode multifunction biquadratic filter configurations were proposed. The first proposed high-input impedance multifunction filter with single input and four outputs, which can simultaneously realize voltage-mode low-pass, band-pass, and high-pass filter responses employing all grounded passive components. The second proposed configuration is a slight modification of the first proposed circuit. It leads two more notch and all-pass transfer functions than the first proposed circuit. Moreover, both the proposed circuits still offer the following advantages: (i) orthogonal control of ωo and Q, (ii) low active and passive sensitivity performances, (iii) simpler configuration due to the use of noninverting type differential difference current conveyors (DDCCs) only.

Amplitude Distributions of Cochlear Microphonic Response to an Acoustic Sinusoid in Noise

1968 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-76
Author(s):  
Donald C. Teas ◽  
Gretchen B. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Small Amplitude ◽  
Basilar Membrane ◽  
Spectral Composition ◽  
Pass Band ◽  
Cochlear Microphonic ◽  
Filter Output ◽  
Electronic Filter ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Band Pass ◽  
Instantaneous Voltage

The distributions of instantaneous voltage amplitudes in the cochlear microphonic response recorded from a small segment along the basilar membrane are described by computing amplitude histograms. Comparisons are made between the distributions for noise and for those after the addition to the noise of successively stronger sinusoids. The amplitudes of the cochlear microphonic response to 5000 Hz low-pass noise are normally distributed in both Turn I and Turn III of the guinea pig’s cochlea. The spectral composition of the microphonic from Turn I and from Turn III resembles the output of band-pass filters set at about 4000 Hz, and about 500 Hz, respectively. The normal distribution of cochlear microphonic amplitudes for noise is systematically altered by increasing the strength of the added sinusoid. A decrease of three percent in the number of small amplitude events (±1 standard deviation) in the cochlear microphonic from Turn III is seen when the rms voltage of a 500 Hz sinusoid is at −18 dB re the rms voltage of the noise (at the earphone). When the rms of the sinusoid and noise are equal, the decrease in small voltages is about 25%, but there is also an increase in the number of large voltage amplitudes. Histograms were also computed for the output of an electronic filter with a pass-band similar to Turn III of the cochlea. Strong 500 Hz sinusoids showed a greater proportion of large amplitudes in the filter output than in CM III . The data are interpreted in terms of an anatomical substrate.

Realization of Enhanced LMS Filter Using Carry Skip Adder And Quantum Dot Cellular Automation In VLSI For Removing Impulse Noises In Medical Image

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.R. Shankarkumar ◽  
Gokul Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Filtering ◽  
Adaptive Filters ◽  
Pass Band ◽  
Least Mean Square ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Parallel Prefix ◽  
Loop Feedback ◽  
Band Pass ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Prefix Adder

: Filtering is an important step in the field of image processing to suppress the required parts or to remove any artifacts present in it. There are different types of filters like low pass, high pass, Band pass, IIR, FIR and adaptive filtering etc.., in these filters adaptive filters is an important filter because it is used to remove the noisy signal and images. Least Mean Square filter is a type of an adaptive filtering which is used to remove the noises present in the medical images. The working of LMS is based on the minimization of the difference between the error images using a closed loop feedback. Therefore presented technique called as Q-CSKA. Here the CSKA performs its operation in stages which is based on the nucleus stage. In the traditional CSKA the nucleus stage is depend on the parallel prefix adder in this work it is replaced by the QCA adder. The QCA adder utilizes the less area compared to PPA and it can be realized in Nanometer range also. For multiplexers, And OR Invert, OR and Invert logic is used to reduce the area and delay. Due to these advantages of the QCA, AOI-OAI logic the proposed method outperformed the LMS implementation in area, power, and accuracy and delay, this based five type image noise of medical pictures related to the best technique is out comes. It helps to medicinal practitioner to resolve the symptoms of patient with ease.

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