scholarly journals Malthus’s theory on population as a basis for criticism of the interventionist state

Stanovnistvo ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Marko Dokic
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
The State ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Individual Liberty ◽  
Minimal State ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Status

Going by ideological debates concerning (un)justifiable state intervention, protection of individual liberty, and the question of state's role, this article analyses Malthus's theory on population. It states a thesis that theory on population leads Malthus toward the idea of a minimal state and represents a basis for criticism of an interventionist state and its paternalistic role. The article consists of an introduction, four sections and a conclusion. The introduction cites goals of the work and gives basic notes on Malthus's theory on population and its socio-historical context. Special consideration is paid on reasons that lead to desertion of his ideas with a special focus on changes within liberal ideology, that lead to dissociation from classical liberalism and a merging of liberalism with socialism. The first part examines basic principles of Malthus's theory on population - primarily the idea that the population multiply faster than the food supply, and that population, when unchecked, increases in geometrical ratio, while subsistence increases only in arithmetical ratio. Afterwards, this Malthus's idea is linked to the status of the poor, and is concluded that the state intervention is useless, being that the troubles this part of the population faces are a consequence of their own actions. Therefore, the role of the state should not be care for the poor. In the second part positive and preventive checks to population are examined. Preventive checks are further analyzed because Malthus gives them more importance. The third, central part, is dedicated to Malthus's criticism of the Poor Laws and, within it, his opposition to the state's intervention is further analyzed. According to Malthus, laws that are passed in order to improve the status of the poor have an opposite effect. Even though their aim is to decrease poverty, they increase it. Their tendency is to lead to an increase in population, without the simultaneous increase in food resources that are needed to satisfy the needs of that number of people. The poor, when given an increase in wages, tend to marry more and form families with a larger number of children that they can't support themselves. In that way, they become more dependent on the state, and this leads to an increase in poverty. The fourth part analyzes the misgivings of Malthus's theory, especially its negligence of technological advancement. And it is because of this omission that Malthus couldn't come to a different theory concerning population growth, rather than the one that he had formed. Finally, after all the important elements of Malthus's theory on population are analyzed, the importance of his thought and a theory of minimal state are examined. Stated and defended is the stance that the theory of minimal state is not value-neutral, and that the only minimal state that can exist is a liberal minimal state, and therefore Thomas Robert Malthus belongs to that tradition within the liberal thought.

Standardized Education With Free Textbooks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenia Roldán Vera ◽  
Susana Quintanilla
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Previous History ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Teaching Quality ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Reforms ◽  
Social Equality ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
History Of

The Mexican policy of state provision of standardized textbooks for all was instituted in 1959 and still ongoing. This is an overview of the previous history of state intervention in the production and distribution of school textbooks, an examination of the particular circumstances in which the 1959 policy was figured and implemented, and a description of the characteristics of the different generations of textbooks that have since been published, corresponding with several educational reforms. The arguments for and against standardized textbooks mobilized by different sectors of society throughout sixty years are discussed in their historical context. Far from this being a debate about the authoritarian intervention of the state in education, issues of social equality and teaching quality have been central.

INTERACTION OF DOMINANT PARTY WITH ETHNIC GROUPS IN COMPETITIVE AUTHORITARIANISM IN MALAYSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
Tatiana Lavrova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The State ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Competitive Authoritarianism ◽  
Dominant Party ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Control

The author covers the question of the stability of competitive authoritarianism in Malaysia. In this case, such a regime is particularly stable, possibly due to the developed and institutionalized model of interaction between the dominant party and ethnic groups, implemented in the conditions of the polyethnic composition of the state. It was crucial to take into account the historical context of the British colonization of Malaysia, which had led to the influx of migrants, and the presence of a political party in power for 61 years, which was practically merged with the state apparatus and fully represented only one ethnic group. "Ethnic outbidding" implemented by the dominant party UMNO provided a numerically greater population with benefits in exchange for support of the ruling party. Simultaneously, the incorporation of ethnic groups into the state's political structure and the use of the power-sharing model allowed UMNO to act as an umbrella party and to maintain the status quo. The unspoken Treaty, first, was based on granting the privilege to the indigenous Malay population, and, second, protected the interests of non-Malays. Thus, granting bumiputera and non-Malays certain privileges, the establishment was able to consolidate a non-democratic regime and control over complex Malaysian society.

Social Pretensions in Architecture and Ancestry: Hall House, Sawbridge, Warwickshire and the Andrewe Family

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 51-72
Author(s):  
N. W. Alcock ◽  
C. T. Paul Woodfield
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Architectural Analysis ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
Country Houses ◽  
Social Importance

That architecture makes social statements is obvious in grand buildings from Norman castles to country houses. In smaller houses, such statements are often muted by our ignorance of their historical context and their date. This paper examines a small but sophisticated medieval house in which the combination of precise dating and informative documentation surmounts simple architectural analysis, to reveal something of its social importance to the family who built it. In the early nineteenth century, the status of Hall House, Sawbridge, was the lowest possible. It belonged to the Sawbridge Overseers of the Poor and was rented to families receiving parish support; later it became farm labourers' cottages. Most of the stages in the decline of the elegant medieval house to this lowly state can be documented, and links established to the only family in fifteenth-century Sawbridge with pretensions to sophistication. These clues lead to the identification of John Andrewe as the builder of Hall House in 1449, and to the recognition of it as a concrete expression of a family pride that was also being fostered by the invention of a distinguished ancestry.

ON THE PLANS OF THE FEDERAL EXECUTIVE BODIES AS THE DOCUMENTS OF STRATEGIC PLANNING

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Starostin ◽  
◽  
Alexey G. Dobkin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Planning System ◽  
General Nature ◽  
External Control ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article deals with strategic planning, which is one of the main mechanisms for ensuring the purposeful and sustainable development of the state, economy and society. The adoption of the Federal Law No. 172-FZ of 28.06.2014 "On Strategic Planning in the Russian Federa-tion" in the Russian Federation marked a new stage in the formation of the state strategic planning system. The status of plans for the activities of federal executive bodies as one of the key elements of the system of strategic planning documents is considered. The practice of their preparation and implementation is analyzed, its shortcomings are studied, and possible directions for improving the current legislation in this area are proposed. The authors consider the status of plans for the activities of federal executive bodies as one of the key elements of the system of strategic planning documents. They analyze the prac-tice of their preparation and implementation, study its shortcomings, and propose all possible directions for improving the current legislation in this area. When writing the article, the authors studied the content of certain questions about strate-gic planning and the corresponding functions of the federal executive bodies of the Russian Federation. They revealed the problems of practical importance and proposed the methods and options for their solution. The authors used the following methods: system analysis, dialectical, logical, compara-tive-legal methods, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction. As a result of the study, the following results were obtained: – it is necessary to ensure that not only activities and tasks of a general nature are included in the adopted plans, but also their detailing in terms of the expected stages of work; – the activity plans of the federal executive authorities, which are responsible executors of strategic goals and objectives, should give an unambiguous answer to how and when the strategic guidelines defined at the federal level within the entire array of strategic planning documents will be implemented; – the introduction of a systematic approach will allow to fix the risks of non-achieving certain strategic indicators and take the necessary measures in a timely manner; – at present, the role of plans for the activities of federal executive bodies in the system of strategic planning documents is unreasonably low; – the transfer of issues of preparation and control over the achievement of relevant strate-gic indicators to the level of the executive authorities themselves, in the conditions of insuffi-cient external control over this process, in fact, led to the loss of their managerial potential, depriving the state apparatus of an important mechanism for coordinating work in the field of strategic planning; - it is necessary for the entire system of strategic planning to revise quali-tatively the role of the plans of the federal executive bodies with the transfer of authority for their approval to a higher level with a simultaneous increase in responsibility for achieving the planned indicators.

The Church of Scotland and the Funeral Industry in Nineteenth-century Edinburgh

2009 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Church Of Scotland ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Industrial Age ◽  
The Status ◽  
Industrial Solutions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

This article deals with the relationship between the Church of Scotland, the private sector and the local state in the provision of funeral arrangements and burial sites in Edinburgh in the nineteenth century. The first section introduces the status of the Kirk as upholder of tradition and provider of charity in relation to the funeral day. Next, state intervention will be considered, initially in the form of the introduction of the 1832 Anatomy Act, which had a direct bearing upon the status of the poor in Edinburgh and the Kirk's attitudes towards them when they died. This development, it will be argued, intensified working class desire for respectability in death, and increased the financial resources devoted to the funeral of the industrial age. Meanwhile, the challenge of the private cemetery companies during the 1840s further embodied the invasion of the market into the ‘ultimate’ rite of passage. Their example is used to illuminate not only the Kirk's inability to accommodate changing demand, but also the extent to which private enterprise was relied upon to solve municipal problems throughout the nineteenth century in Edinburgh. Finally, the article will explain the eventual demise of the Kirk as a source of burial provision in the capital, at the hands of a state that could no longer count upon pre-industrial solutions for disposal.

On the Issue of University Autonomy

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
Evgeniy G. Tsurkan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
The State ◽  
Limiting State ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Essential Properties ◽  
The University ◽  
Mechanical Nature

The main hypothesis of this work is that the guiding distinction that forms the conceptual framework of W. von Humboldt’s political theory is the binary op­position state/society. The article is devoted to the explication of this distinction (and related conceptual constructions) from the Humboldt’s creative heritage in order to define the influence of this distinction on the argumentation used by V. von Humboldt to justify the necessity of autonomy of the university from the state. The article presents the historical context of the development of V. von Humboldt’s views on the issue of the limits of useful state intervention in the lives of citizens. The author denotes the continuity of the ideas and ar­guments expressed by Humboldt in the context of limiting state intervention in the life of society in general and in the life of university in particular. The es­sential properties of the state and large collectives are the production of monotony and mechanical nature, while the essential properties of individuals and society are freedom and diversity, which are declared as necessary conditions for the commensurate development of human forces into a single whole (Bildung). Ac­cording to Humboldt’s concept, attempts by the state to take care of the positive good of citizens automatically lead to the mental and moral decline of the peo­ple, the reign of the spirit of monotony, and the formation of people as machines.

scholarly journals LIBERTARIANISM AND THE STATE

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Vallentyne
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
Robert Nozick ◽  
Minimal State ◽  
The Poor

Although Robert Nozick has argued that libertarianism is compatible with the justice of a minimal state—even if does not arise from mutual consent—few have been persuaded. I will outline a different way of establishing that a non-consensual libertarian state can be just. I will show that a state can—with a few important qualifications—justly enforce the rights of citizens, extract payments to cover the costs of such enforcement, redistribute resources to the poor, and invest in infrastructure to overcome market failures.

Paredes, Américo

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The State ◽  
Major Work ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Americo Paredes ◽  
The Status ◽  
Mexico Border ◽  
History Of ◽  
Critical Model

The remarkably multi-faceted Américo Paredes Manzano attained the status of renowned scholar, teacher, author, and poet over his tumultuous and illustrious lifespan. Born in 1915 in Brownsville, at the southeastern-most corner of the state of Texas bordering Mexico, Américo Paredes passed away in Austin in 1999. His life and professional career spanned much territory, touched many lives, and affected areas of study and pedagogy as few individuals can claim. His impressive body of work is encyclopedic in range and awe-inspiring in its originality. Certainly, Paredes’s life circumstances must be read in their historical context. He was born at a time when the scent of revolution was strong in the air, declared in Mexico in 1910, and with the nascent organizing of the revolt to liberate south Texas from the rest of the state in 1915. Tensions among competing groups in the formation of Texas since the treaty of 1848 had not yet been resolved and the state of a negotiated pluralistic existence was still precarious at best. For generations, university students have first encountered the work of Paredes through his major work of scholarship on the border corrido (ballad), namely the fully contextualized and historicized analysis of “El Corrido de Gregorio Cortez”/ “The Ballad of Gregorio Cortez.” However, those who look further into his work realize that Paredes had already started to make his mark in the area of ethnomusicology, a branch of anthropology. His contributions are not insignificant as a number of his students went on to carry and extend Paredes’s teachings to other institutions of higher learning. One might see the logical relationship between this scholar’s interest in and knowledge of the Texas-Mexico border corrido and the more global ethnomusicologist’s perspective. In the same manner, Paredes trained and inspired numerous cadres of scholars in cultural and literary studies. By extension, his mentees have likewise now trained generations of scholars who have applied variants of the critical model pioneered by Paredes, rooted in his observations and study of the clash of cultures. Not unlike the history of other major intellectuals, the history of Paredes’s influence is marked by scholars who emulate, extend, revise, and also critique earlier views and critical approaches in a variety of areas such as language and linguistics, gender, class, race and ethnicity, and regionalism.

KEY POLICE FORCES IN THE REBORN POLAND – HISTORICAL CONTEXT AND LINGUISTIC COMMENTARY ON THEIR NAMES

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-161
Author(s):  
Marcin Płotek ◽  
Marzena Przetak
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The State ◽  
State Police ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Common ◽  
Post War ◽  
Own Name ◽  
Police Forces

The text concerns the names of Polish police forces, their symbols, semantics, etymology and the way they are written down (spelling). The article contains historical and linguistic content. The reconstruction of the Polish state in 1918 made it possible to establish the police as a typical organisation. The Seym passed an act establishing a new, uniform police force (the State Police) on 24 July 1919. It was the fi rst Polish police organisation to survive formally until 1944. In post-war Poland, the traditional functions (tasks) of the police were taken over (performed) by the Citizens’ Militia. Contrary to its own name, the militia did not have the status of civic activism for the common good, but was a state body, centralised, hierarchical, rejecting the principle of nonpoliticality and linked to the security apparatus. The modern police are the heir not only of the State Police, but also of all previous Polish police forces. To sum up, the article brings closer and commemorates the important moments of our history, giving an idea of the changing reality of everyday service and the role of police in the various forms of the political system.

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