INTERACTION OF DOMINANT PARTY WITH ETHNIC GROUPS IN COMPETITIVE AUTHORITARIANISM IN MALAYSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
Tatiana Lavrova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The State ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Competitive Authoritarianism ◽  
Dominant Party ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Control

The author covers the question of the stability of competitive authoritarianism in Malaysia. In this case, such a regime is particularly stable, possibly due to the developed and institutionalized model of interaction between the dominant party and ethnic groups, implemented in the conditions of the polyethnic composition of the state. It was crucial to take into account the historical context of the British colonization of Malaysia, which had led to the influx of migrants, and the presence of a political party in power for 61 years, which was practically merged with the state apparatus and fully represented only one ethnic group. "Ethnic outbidding" implemented by the dominant party UMNO provided a numerically greater population with benefits in exchange for support of the ruling party. Simultaneously, the incorporation of ethnic groups into the state's political structure and the use of the power-sharing model allowed UMNO to act as an umbrella party and to maintain the status quo. The unspoken Treaty, first, was based on granting the privilege to the indigenous Malay population, and, second, protected the interests of non-Malays. Thus, granting bumiputera and non-Malays certain privileges, the establishment was able to consolidate a non-democratic regime and control over complex Malaysian society.

Preservative or Transformative? Theorizing the U.K. Constitution Using Comparative Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 412-440
Author(s):  
Jo Eric Khushal Murkens
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
The State ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Multilevel Systems ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Comparative Constitutional Law ◽  
The Stability

Abstract The complexities of the United Kingdom’s decision to withdraw from the European Union while simultaneously honoring its prior commitments to its decentralized, autonomous, and constituent regions have put constitutional questions back on the map. The dominant approach analyzes these questions premised on the “preservative” view of the constitution. This view prioritizes the stability and continuity of the institutions in Westminster (Parliament) and Whitehall (central executive). However, the preservative view of the constitution is theoretically and practically deficient as it cannot give an account of the multipolar and decentralized developments of the past twenty years. Another interpretation regards the legal and political changes to the constitution as “transformative.” This view accentuates the fragility of the U.K. constitution due to a plurality of constitutional rules and the ongoing processes of devolution of powers within multilevel systems of government. This Article discusses that evolution of the U.K. constitution through the prism of comparative constitutional law and its appropriate methodology. The preservative model of the constitution favors a universalist method, whereas the transformative model requires a contextualist method. I argue that the experience of supranational (European Union) and infranational (devolution) power sharing has fundamentally altered the United Kingdom’s central constitutional concepts. To stabilize its fragmentary forces, the United Kingdom needs to adopt concepts that reflect the state as divided, the constitution as transitional, sovereignty as an attribute of the state rather than Parliament, and democracy as conflicted. Nothing less than the future of the United Kingdom as a state is at stake.

The Gift Economy and State Power in China

1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayfair Mei-Hui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
Gift Economy ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Organization Of Production ◽  
China Today ◽  
And Control

The state apparatus in China today has taken upon itself almost total responsibility for administering the social and economic domain. The welfare and control of the population, the organization of production, planning all social activities, and the distribution of the means of subsistence have become primary concerns of organs of the state. The types of power relationships and their social and symbolic expressions, which have crystallized around the distribution and circulation of desirables in such a political economy, are the subject of the present study. The study will also examine how certain counter-techniques of power deviate from the larger strategy of power exercised through the state socialist political economy, forming pockets of intransigence from within.

scholarly journals OPTIMAL DESIGN OF MICROGRID IN AN AUTONOMOUS MODE USING ANTCOLONY OPTIMIZATION

2013 ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
N. CHITRA ◽  
TAMIZHARASI. G ◽  
A. SENTHIL KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Time Domain ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Time Domain Simulation ◽  
Stability And Control ◽  
Control Effectiveness ◽  
Damping Characteristics ◽  
Autonomous Mode ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Control ◽  
Nonlinear Time Domain

The dynamic nature of the distribution network challenges the stability and control effectiveness of the microgrid in autonomous mode. In this paper, nonlinear model of microgrid operating in autonomous mode has been presented. The controller parameters and power sharing coefficients are optimized in case of autonomous mode. The control problem has been formulated as an optimization problem where Ant colony optimization is employed to search for optimal settings of the optimized parameters. In addition, nonlinear time-domain-based objective function has been proposed to minimize the error in the measured power and to enhance the damping characteristics, respectively. Finally, the nonlinear time-domain simulation has been carried out to assess the effectiveness of the proposed controllers under different disturbances and loading conditions. The results show satisfactory performance with efficient damping characteristics of the microgrid considered in this study.

Demand-Driven Algorithm for Sharing and Distribution of Photovoltaic Power in a Small Local Area Grid

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Abu-Arqoub ◽  
Ghassan F. Issa ◽  
Ahmad F. Shubita ◽  
Abed Alkarim Banna
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control

The objective of installing a residential photovoltaic system is to cut the cost of the monthly electric bill. However, many homeowners, especially those with low-income, finds it difficult to invest in such systems because require substantial upfront investment. This paper presents a project called PSD-LAG(“Sharing and Distribution of Power-Local Area Grid”) which attempts to solve the issue of installation cost relying on the concept of power sharing and distribution. Thus two or more neighboring households can share the cost of installation, and accordingly share the generated electric power. A Demand-Driven algorithm is implemented and is embedded in a micro-processor based control unit, called “Intelligent Power Distribution and Control Unit (IPDC Unit)”, over sees the operation of the PSD-LAG system. It reads the status of generated power, power requirements for each home, power quota for each home, and accordingly controls a set of hardware devices to distribute the power in a most efficient manner based on usage and quota. At the core of the PSD-LAG is an Intelligent Power Distribution and Control Unit (IPDC Unit) that provides instantaneous monitoring, protection and control. It is an embedded Operating System that reads the status of generated power, power requirements for each home, power quota for each home, and accordingly controls a set of hardware devices to distribute the power in a most efficient manner based on usage and quota.

Bosnia’s Perpetual Purgatory: The Inability to Fulfill EU Accession Requirements

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Regimbal
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Eu Accession ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Accession Process ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Made In

This paper argues that Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) should not begin the European Union’s accession process, and should instead remain on the ‘potential candidates’ list due to their continuous inability to meet the EU acquis. While some progress was made in 2020 towards meeting this goal, such as moderate candidate victories in the November election (over the reigning populist politicians) and the first elections being held in Mostar in December, BiH has failed to address the root of the issues. By examining the European Commission reports for BiH and researching the historical context surrounding the flawed state institutions, the following conclusion was determined. Due to BiH’s failure to comply with EU accession’s political, legal, and economic requirements, they are unable to be considered for induction, and the status quo should remain. Instead, the EU should foster methods of reconciliation for the three ethnic groups that dominate Bosnian society to help build consensus and foster compromise to fulfill accession requirements.

Thoughts on Iraqi Kurdistan: Present Realities, Future Hope

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Logan
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
Iraqi Kurdistan ◽  
The People ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Stability ◽  
External Actors ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Source Materials

AbstractThe collapse of Saddam Hussein's regime in April 2003 ushered Iraq into an era of unprecedented opportunity. The Kurds of Northern Iraq were given an opportunity to control their destiny in such a way not before encountered in their turbulent history. However, this moment has not been free of significant concern. Against the witness of history one can reasonably inquire as to whether or not the dominant Kurdish majority in Northern Iraq is able to seize this opportunity and make the most of it. Will they be able to break the historic cycle of internal dissension and unite to ensure the stability, prosperity, and security of their territory in Northern Iraq? Additionally, does Iraqi Kurdistan have the ability to adequately balance the often mutually exclusive demands it faces from powerful external actors? Clearly, the people of Iraqi Kurdistan must make their own choice in the matter. Nonetheless, outside forces must also help in the process by engaging with Kurdistan in Iraq in a positive and constructive manner. This will also go a long way toward securing and sustaining stability in this strategic area of the Near East. The article includes some thoughts about the current reality facing Iraqi Kurdistan, primarily as they relate to the KRG, together with some observations concerning the future hope for the region and its people. Some markers of Iraqi Kurdistan's progress are discussed not least of which is the status of its political development and freedom; economic health and growth; its fight against corruption; security within the KRG; its relations with Baghdad; and its external security situation, especially as it relates to Turkey, Syria, and Iran. These suggestions are based upon several recent trips by the author to Iraqi Kurdistan and from openly available source materials. However, these contemporary issues should be considered within their historical context. Therefore, the author gives also a summary review of some major historical events in the modern era leading up to the current situation in Northern Iraq.

Analysis of Elastic Motion Stability of Flexible Manipulator Arm Based on Roth Criterion of Control System

2014 ◽  
Vol 620 ◽  
pp. 330-336
Author(s):  
Guang Rui Liu ◽  
Lan Fen Niu ◽  
Xin Tian
Keyword(s):  
Lagrange Equation ◽  
The State ◽  
Flexible Manipulator ◽  
Rotational Inertia ◽  
Control Input ◽  
Motion Stability ◽  
Manipulator Arm ◽  
Physics Model ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Control

In order to study the elastic motion stability of flexible manipulator arm , to analyze the effect of the end position addition mass and rotary inertia on the elastic motion stability ,and to compute the maximum dynamic allowable payload , the physics model of a flexible manipulator arm is established , the differential equation of elastic motion of the flexible manipulator arm is solved using the method of the separation of time and space and the method of Laplace transformation , the dynamic model of flexible manipulator arm carried addition mass on its end position is established ,simplified and truncated using Lagrange equation . the state space expression and transfer function are established with the state variable and control input and output variable designated , the elastic motion stability rule is built upon and simplified using Roth criterion . The influence of the end position addition mass and articulation rotational inertia of flexible manipulator arm on its elastic motion stability is analyzed using the stability rule and the dynamic maximum allowable payload of flexible manipulator arm on its end position is computed in order to guarantee its elastic motion stability .

scholarly journals Malthus’s theory on population as a basis for criticism of the interventionist state

Stanovnistvo ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Marko Dokic
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
The State ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Individual Liberty ◽  
Minimal State ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Status

Going by ideological debates concerning (un)justifiable state intervention, protection of individual liberty, and the question of state's role, this article analyses Malthus's theory on population. It states a thesis that theory on population leads Malthus toward the idea of a minimal state and represents a basis for criticism of an interventionist state and its paternalistic role. The article consists of an introduction, four sections and a conclusion. The introduction cites goals of the work and gives basic notes on Malthus's theory on population and its socio-historical context. Special consideration is paid on reasons that lead to desertion of his ideas with a special focus on changes within liberal ideology, that lead to dissociation from classical liberalism and a merging of liberalism with socialism. The first part examines basic principles of Malthus's theory on population - primarily the idea that the population multiply faster than the food supply, and that population, when unchecked, increases in geometrical ratio, while subsistence increases only in arithmetical ratio. Afterwards, this Malthus's idea is linked to the status of the poor, and is concluded that the state intervention is useless, being that the troubles this part of the population faces are a consequence of their own actions. Therefore, the role of the state should not be care for the poor. In the second part positive and preventive checks to population are examined. Preventive checks are further analyzed because Malthus gives them more importance. The third, central part, is dedicated to Malthus's criticism of the Poor Laws and, within it, his opposition to the state's intervention is further analyzed. According to Malthus, laws that are passed in order to improve the status of the poor have an opposite effect. Even though their aim is to decrease poverty, they increase it. Their tendency is to lead to an increase in population, without the simultaneous increase in food resources that are needed to satisfy the needs of that number of people. The poor, when given an increase in wages, tend to marry more and form families with a larger number of children that they can't support themselves. In that way, they become more dependent on the state, and this leads to an increase in poverty. The fourth part analyzes the misgivings of Malthus's theory, especially its negligence of technological advancement. And it is because of this omission that Malthus couldn't come to a different theory concerning population growth, rather than the one that he had formed. Finally, after all the important elements of Malthus's theory on population are analyzed, the importance of his thought and a theory of minimal state are examined. Stated and defended is the stance that the theory of minimal state is not value-neutral, and that the only minimal state that can exist is a liberal minimal state, and therefore Thomas Robert Malthus belongs to that tradition within the liberal thought.

scholarly journals Evaluating the State of Health Care Institutions: The Case of Lithuanian Municipalities

Ekonomika ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-80
Author(s):  
Vaida Breimerytė ◽  
Vytautas Kėdaitis ◽  
Algirdas Miškinis ◽  
Kęstutis Trainavičius
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
The State ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Health Care Institutions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
The Stability

[full article and abstract in English] Huge differences between the territories that are divided into the city and district municipalities are found after examining theoretical and methodological literature, obtaining abundant statistical information on the status of health care institutions in Lithuania, disclosing the system of indicators describing that status, and taking into account the analysis of the data of all the statistic residents of the Territorial Health Insurance Funds (THIF) and those registered at the outpatient primary personal health care institutions (OPPHCI). The number of residents who have registered at the OPPHCI of city municipalities is different from the rates provided by the statistics. Therefore, in the calculation of health indicators, a meaningful selection of them will more accurately reflect the status of health care facilities. Of these indicators, it is important to select not only those that best describe the existing medical care level in the municipalities but those that are also informative. The system of indicators was selected on the basis of the Delphi method. This article analyzes the state of the health care institutions in Lithuania and the qualitative and quantitative indicators of health care and their evaluation at the municipal level. The authors of this article used multivariate statistical methods in evaluating the state of health care institutions. The reliability and the validity of the obtained results are verified by two models; thus, the stability and suitability of the models are tested in investigating the state of health care institutions in Lithuania. The final aim of the study is to evaluate the administrative units of different territories and, from the medical level perspective, identify the best performing and most lagging municipalities. 

Paredes, Américo

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The State ◽  
Major Work ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Americo Paredes ◽  
The Status ◽  
Mexico Border ◽  
History Of ◽  
Critical Model

The remarkably multi-faceted Américo Paredes Manzano attained the status of renowned scholar, teacher, author, and poet over his tumultuous and illustrious lifespan. Born in 1915 in Brownsville, at the southeastern-most corner of the state of Texas bordering Mexico, Américo Paredes passed away in Austin in 1999. His life and professional career spanned much territory, touched many lives, and affected areas of study and pedagogy as few individuals can claim. His impressive body of work is encyclopedic in range and awe-inspiring in its originality. Certainly, Paredes’s life circumstances must be read in their historical context. He was born at a time when the scent of revolution was strong in the air, declared in Mexico in 1910, and with the nascent organizing of the revolt to liberate south Texas from the rest of the state in 1915. Tensions among competing groups in the formation of Texas since the treaty of 1848 had not yet been resolved and the state of a negotiated pluralistic existence was still precarious at best. For generations, university students have first encountered the work of Paredes through his major work of scholarship on the border corrido (ballad), namely the fully contextualized and historicized analysis of “El Corrido de Gregorio Cortez”/ “The Ballad of Gregorio Cortez.” However, those who look further into his work realize that Paredes had already started to make his mark in the area of ethnomusicology, a branch of anthropology. His contributions are not insignificant as a number of his students went on to carry and extend Paredes’s teachings to other institutions of higher learning. One might see the logical relationship between this scholar’s interest in and knowledge of the Texas-Mexico border corrido and the more global ethnomusicologist’s perspective. In the same manner, Paredes trained and inspired numerous cadres of scholars in cultural and literary studies. By extension, his mentees have likewise now trained generations of scholars who have applied variants of the critical model pioneered by Paredes, rooted in his observations and study of the clash of cultures. Not unlike the history of other major intellectuals, the history of Paredes’s influence is marked by scholars who emulate, extend, revise, and also critique earlier views and critical approaches in a variety of areas such as language and linguistics, gender, class, race and ethnicity, and regionalism.

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