scholarly journals Valorization of potentials of wind energy in Montenegro

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1893-1903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radoje Vujadinovic ◽  
Esad Tombarevic ◽  
Uros Karadzic
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
Wind Fields ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Technical Data ◽  
Mean Values

Investments in energy sector are usually long term processes both in construction and exploitation phase, and therefore require many conditions to be satisfied, mostly from legislative and technical sector. While the legislative can change in accordance with economy activities in the country, technical data (on-site measurements) which are the main base for energy facility design, need to be reliable as much as possible. Wind energy has a significant global potential which exceeds the world?s electrical energy consumptions. This paper presents the estimation of wind energy potentials in Montenegro, based on all previous available studies in this field. The wind energy potential in Montenegro is based on a combination of 3-D numerical simulations of wind fields on the entire territory, and comprehensive on-site measurements. The preliminary studies show that there is a potential of areas with high and mean values of a capacity factor about 400 MW, and annual production of 900 GWh of electric energy. The share of wind parks in the total installed power in Montenegro is planned to be about 8%, while an adequate ratio of wind parks in an annual production from renewable sources (large hydro power plants are included here) is estimated to be 11.4%. The paper presents the current state of art in the field of building of wind parks in Montenegro. A particular attention was paid to the legislation framework and strategic documents in the energy area in Montenegro.

scholarly journals Methodology for the Evaluation of the Electrical Energy Potential of Residual Biomass from the Wood Industry: A Case Study in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augusto César de Mendonça Brasil
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
The State ◽  
Wood Industry ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Curve Fit ◽  
Wood Residues

This chapter presents in a consolidated manner the step-by-step methodology to estimate the electrical energy potential of industrial wood residues considering the dependency of the efficiency of the power plants with their size. A function of the overall efficiency with power was obtained from a best curve fit of real data both taken from the literature and from Brazilian biomass-fired power plants. The methodology was applied to the determination of the electrical energy potential of wood industry residues in the State of Pará (data collected in 2004). Two cases were analyzed: one where a constant electrical efficiency of 25% was considered (independently of the amount of residues generated) and another where the proposed function of efficiency with power was used. Results show that in the State of Pará, the existent 675 sawmills generated 2.95 × 106 t in dry basis. When the dependency of efficiency with plant size is not considered, the electrical energy potential and average installed power (3140.4 GWh and 2 MWe) are overestimated in comparison to the herein proposed methodology (1868.8 GWh and 1 MWe). The present methodology, considering the efficiency as a function of the power, results in an average efficiency of 12.3% (lower than 25%).

scholarly journals Torrefied Biomass as an Alternative in Coal-Fueled Power Plants: A Case Study on Grindability of Agroforestry Waste Forms

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonel J. R. Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Waste Forms ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Hardgrove Grindability Index

The use of biomass as a renewable energy source is currently a reality, mainly due to the role it can play in replacing fossil energy sources. Within this possibility, coal substitution in the production of electric energy presents itself as a strong alternative with high potential, mostly due to the possibility of contributing to the decarbonization of energy production while, at the same time, contributing to the circularization of energy generation processes. This can be achieved through the use of biomass waste forms, which have undergone a process of improving their properties, such as torrefaction. However, for this to be viable, it is necessary that the biomass has a set of characteristics similar to those of coal, such that its use may occur in previously installed systems. In particular, with respect to grindability, which is associated with one of the core equipment technologies of coal-fired power plants—the coal mill. The objective of the present study is to determine the potential of certain residues with agroforestry origins as a replacement for coal in power generation by using empirical methods. Selected materials—namely, almond shells, kiwifruit pruning, vine pruning, olive pomace, pine woodchips, and eucalyptus woodchips—are characterized in this regard. The materials were characterized in the laboratory and submitted to a torrefaction process at 300 °C. Then, the Statistical Grindability Index and the Hardgrove Grindability Index were determined, using empirical methods derived from coal analysis. The results obtained indicate the good potential of the studied biomasses for use in large-scale torrefaction processes and as replacements for coal in the generation of electrical energy. However, further tests are still needed, particularly relating to the definition of the ideal parameters of the torrefaction process, in order to optimize the grindability of the materials.

scholarly journals The Investigation of Wind Energy Potential in Order to Estimate Power Plants in Baladeh Mazandaran, Iran

2012 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
S. Asghar Gholamian ◽  
S. Bagher Soltani ◽  
R. Ilka
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Weather Station ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Wind Power Density ◽  
Synoptic Weather ◽  
Wind Potential

First step for achieving wind energy is to locate points with appropriate wind power density in a country. Wind data which are recorded in a synoptic weather station, are the best way to study the wind potential of an area. In this paper wind speed period of Baladeh synoptic weather station is studied, since it has the maximum average of wind speed among 15 stations of the MAZANDARAN Province. Weibull factors k and c are calculated for 40 months from September 2006 to December 2009 and wind power density is determined based on these data. The total average of factors k and c for a height for 50 m are 1.442 m/s and 5.1256 respectively. By using the average of factors, wind power density in 50 m height will be 147.40 watt/m2 which is categorized as weak potential in wind class. However by monthly investigation it is shown that with a 50 m wind, this station can be put in medium class in hot months of the year.

scholarly journals A Review on Wind Turbine and Wind Generator Used in WECS

2019 ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Nitish Kumar Singh ◽  
Dashrath Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Power Quality ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Harmonic Distortion ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Wind Power Plants ◽  
Core Energy

The applications of wind energy develop much rapidly than the other renewable resources such as solar, geothermal and so on in the 21st century. It becomes the third core energy resource following non-conventional fuels as oil and chemical. Electrical energy generated by wind power plants is the best ever developing and most promising renewable energy source. The wind is a clean, free and limitless energy source. Wind Energy Generation Systems (WECS) are confront with increasing demands for power quality and harmonic distortion control. With the advance in power electronics technology, the fast growth of variable speed WECS is now witness. However, the power quality still remains an important issue to be addressed thoroughly by researchers. This paper presents a comparative study on grid connected WECS having two different Wind Turbine Generator Systems (WTGS) using DFIG and PMSG.

scholarly journals Studi Perencanaan Pembangunan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikrohidro (PLTMH) Berdasarkan Potensi Air yang Ada di Desa Pinogu

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Susanto Ointu ◽  
Frengki Eka Putra Surusa ◽  
Muammar Zainuddin
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Remote Region ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Total Maximum

Listrik merupakan kebutuhan yang sangat berperan penting bagi kehidupan manusia. Sehingga itu rencananya diwilayah terpencil tersebut akan diadakan pembangkit listrik yang ramah lingkungan, dan juga termasuk energi terbarukan. Kecamatan Pinogu terdapat bendungan untuk bisa dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikrohidro (PLTMH). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa besar potensi air untuk menghasilkan energi listrik pada bendungan yang dapat menunjang elektrifikasi di Desa Pinogu Kecamatan Pinogu Kabupaten Bone Bolango. Metode yang digunakan dalam menghitung debit air pada bendungan tersebut dengan metode apung dan pengukuran menggunakan stopwatch. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran pada lokasi bendungan di Desa Pinogu Kecamatan Kabupaten Bone Bolango, menghasilkan potensi air dengan debit air maksimal sebesar 1,67 m3/detik, dengan tinggi terjun 3,57 meter, maka total daya maksimal yang diperoleh adalah 29,83 KW dan dapat melayani 99 rumah dengan daya masing-masing rumah sebesar 300 Watt.Kata Kunci — studi kelayakan, PLTM, Desa Pinogu.Electricity is a necessity that plays an important role in human life. So that the plan is in the remote region will be held power plants that are environmentally friendly, and also include renewable energy. Pinogu Subdistrict has a dam to be used as a source of Micro Hydro Power Plant (PLTMH). The purpose of this study is to find out how much the potential of water to produce electrical energy in dams that can support electrification in Pinogu Village, Pinogu District, Bone Bolango Regency. The method used in calculating the flow of water in the dam with the floating method and measurement using a stopwatch. Based on the results of measurements at the location of the dam in Pinogu Village, District of Bone Bolango District, it produces water potential with a maximum water discharge of 1.67 m3 / sec, with a waterfall height of 3.57 meters, then the total maximum power obtained is 29.83 KW and can serves 99 homes with a power of 300 Watt each.Keywords - feasibility study, PLTM, Pinogu Village.

scholarly journals Small Hydro Power Schemes: Technical Aspects

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Hira Singh Sachdev ◽  
Ashok Kumar Akella
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Energy Lowering ◽  
High Initial Cost ◽  
Small Discharge ◽  
Hydro Power Plants ◽  
Increasing Demand

<p>Small hydro systems play a major role in meeting power requirements of remote, isolated, hilly areas in a decentralized manner by tapping water streams, rivulets and canals of small discharge. Small hydroelectric system captures the energy in flowing water and converts it to electricity.</p>Of all the non-conventional renewable energy sources, small hydro stands first as it is more resourceful, reduces system  losses, environment friendly, non-consumptive and source is renewable due to their enormous advantages over large hydro and other power plants, lot of small hydro-power plants have come up across the world to meet the ever increasing demand of electrical energy. Lowering the high initial cost of the small hydro-power plants and its popularization is today’s challenges. This paper describes basic techniques design of the small hydro-power development.

scholarly journals Determination of the Electrical Energy Potential of Sawdust and its Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 021-027
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Thermal Plant ◽  
The Right

Sawdust is often used as fuel for basic domestic needs like cooking, heating etc, with the application of the right technological procedure, the chemical energy in sawdust can be converted to electrical energy. sawdust is a usually a waste from timber processing industries and can pollute the environment if not properly disposed or utilized. Electricity can be generated from sawdust directly and sawdust can be processed into other products such as sawdust briquettes, pyrolysis oil, bioethanol and producer gas which can all be used to produce electricity using either a coal based thermal plant, oil based thermal plant and gas depending on the most suitable and efficient. As the calorific value of sawdust is dependent on the moisture content of the wood and the type of wood used, hence average calorific value of sawdust was used for this research work. In this study, the heat contents of sawdust and its various products were considered as fuels for divers power plants that is most suitable accordingly. This paper uses mathematical analysis to determine the amount of electrical energy produced from sawdust and it’s products. Sawdust briquettes was found to be the most efficient in terms of output power when a coal based thermal plant is utilized, the next being the utilization of a plain sawdust as fuel for a coal based thermal plant, the most optimal for the generation of electrical energy among the derivative of sawdust was pyrolysis oil being used as fuel in an oil based thermal plant.

scholarly journals Prototype Hybrid Power Plant of Solar Panel and Vertical Wind Turbine as a Provider of Alternative Electrical Energy at Kenjeran Beach Surabaya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-113
Author(s):  
Anggara Trisna Nugraha ◽  
Dadang Priyambodo
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Tropical Country ◽  
Wind Speeds

Indonesia, which is a tropical country, has a very large potential for solar energy because of its area that stretches across the equator, with a radiation magnitude of 4.80 kWh / m2 / day or equivalent to 112,000 GWp. On the other hand, the earth receives solar power of 1.74 x 1017 W / hour and about 1-2% of it is converted into wind energy. However, from the total energy potential, Indonesia has only utilized around 10 MWp for solar energy and not much different, wind energy, whose utilization is planned to reach 250 MW in 2025, has only been utilized around 1 MW of the total existing potential. With this potential, to be able to supply additional power and help save energy for existing facilities in the building, a Prototype of Solar Panel Hybird and Vertical Axis Wind Turbine was created. The design of this prototype is a combination of savonious type turbines and solar panels, where the use of this type of turbine is because it can rotate at low wind speeds (low wind velocity) and its construction is very simple.

scholarly journals Electrification Status of Alue Keujrun Village and Kluet River Hydrokinetic Energy Potential: A Survey Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ikhsan ◽  
Nuzuli Fitriadi
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Survey Report ◽  
The Village

This paper provides survey results of an electricity system that has been carried out from isolated village of Alue Keujrun, South Aceh, Indonesia. The village has a central photovoltaic power plant and a micro hydro power plant. Various problems in the field such as operation errors, lack of maintenance of the electric power system, low voltage and frequency have been found. Power plant operators have also never received any formal training from any institution. The village is located next to the Kluet river which has a very large potential to become a hydrokinetic power plant energy source. Therefore the Kluet river flow velocity was also measured during the survey and described within this paper. Based on the interviews results with local operators, the village power plant does not have an operating permit. Thus, we consider that it is important to review the types of permits required to establish a power plant in Indonesia, including small-scale power plants.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pengaruh Sudut Kemiringan Head Turbin Ulir Terhadap Daya Putar Turbin Ulir Dan Daya Output Pada Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikro Hidro

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
I Putu Juliana ◽  
Antonius Ibi Weking ◽  
Lie Jasa
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Final Project ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
Hydro Power Plants

The dependence of power plants on energy sources such as diesel, natural gas and coal is almost 75%, encouraging the development of renewable energy in an effort to meet the electricity supply. One of them is the micro hydro power plant by utilizing the potential of existing water. The working principle of PLTMH is to change the potential energy of water into electrical energy. In this final project has been designed modeling of micro hydro power plant by using screw turbine (Archimedes Screw). The turbine used resembles a drill bit, with a diameter of a turbine of 26 cm, a screw width of 10 cm, and an amount of 10 pieces of blade. Measurements made on the modeling of micro hydro power plants include: water discharge, turbine rotation, generator rotation, voltage, current, torque and generator output power and efficiency. The parameters are measured by changing the water fall on the turbine from the position of the turbine head angle 00, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 700, 800  and 900 . The result of measurement that has been done on the parameters of micro hydro power plant modeling, obtained the highest measurement result at the corner of turbine head 400. The output power generated is 10.92 watts, torque is 0.60 Nm and efficiency of 14%. The results obtained are still low because the turbine rotation is less able to rotate the generator, where the generator torque is greater than the torque in the turbine. This is influenced by the small water discharges in the modeling of this micro hydro power plant.

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