scholarly journals Bilateral hippocampal infarction and amnesia: A case report

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 545-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smiljana Kostic ◽  
Viktor Pasovski ◽  
Zeljko Krsmanovic ◽  
Zeljko Boskovic ◽  
Dejan Kostic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Anterograde Amnesia ◽  
Clinical Image ◽  
Arterial Embolism ◽  
The Brain

The hippocampus along with other structures of the medial temporal lobe plays an important role in the process of learning and memory consolidation. Bilateral hippocampal lesions lead to persistent anterograde amnesia while unilateral damage results in milder, content-specific forms of amnesia. Hippocampus may be affected by an acute or chronic pathologic process from a wide spectrum of neurological disorders. Case report. A 61-year-old female patient with a long history of hypertension, glucose intolerance, hypercholesterolemia and depression was hospitalized for acute anterograde amnesia, which led to repeated excessive drug taking. By further examinations that included laboratory tests, electroencephalography, Doppler sonography of intra- and extracranial vessels and neurovisualization methods [multislice computed tomography (MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain] bilateral hippocampal ischemia that occurred at different times was detected. Cognitive and neuropsychological evaluation revealed an isolated severe damage of episodic memory with the inability of retention of new information which persisted at the control examination three months later. The assumed mechanism of occurrence of ischemia in this case could be arterio-arterial embolism. Conclusion. Although ischemic stroke is one of the most common neurological diseases, ischemic stroke of the hippocampus is rare, the isolated bilateral presentation with clinical signs of severe amnestic syndrome in particular. Timely recognition and modern therapeutic approach could have a favorable impact on the recovery from severe neurological, cognitive deficit. It could be suggested that in patients with the clinical image of acute anterograde amnesia and vascular risk factors the MSCT examination of the brain with computed tomography perfusion and angiography is performed immediately upon hospitalization.

scholarly journals Cerebral Cavernous Hemangioma in a Dog

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Motta dos Santos Moretto ◽  
Luciana Maria Curtio Soares ◽  
Esthefanie Nunes ◽  
Uiara Hanna Araújo Barreto ◽  
Valéria Régia Franco Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cavernous Hemangioma ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Post Contrast ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Background: Cerebral cavernous hemangioma is a rare neoplasm of vascular origin in the brain, characterized by abnormally dilated vascular channels surrounded by endothelium without muscle or elastic fibers. Presumptive diagnosis is performed by magnetic resonance or computed tomography (CT) scanning and can be confirmed by histopathology. The prognosis of intracranial cavernous hemangioma is poor, with progression of clinical signs culminating in spontaneous death or euthanasia. The purpose of this paper is to report a case of cerebral cavernous hemangioma in a dog, presenting the clinical findings, tomographic changes, and pathological findings.Case: This case involved a 2-year-old medium sized mixed breed female dog presenting with apathy, hyporexia, ataxia, bradycardia, dyspnea, and seizure episodes for three days. Hemogram and serum biochemistry of renal and hepatic function and urinalysis did not reveal any visible changes. CT scanning was also performed. The scans revealed a hyperdense nodule of 15.9 x 14 mm, with well defined borders, and a hypodense halo without post-contrast enhancement and mass effect in the right parietal lobe was observed in both transverse and coronal sections. Based on the image presented in the CT scans, the nodule was defined as a hemorrhagic brain lesion. The animal died after a seizure. The right telencephalon was subjected to necropsy, which revealed a reddish-black wel-defined nodule 1.7 cm in diameter extending from the height of the piriform lobe to the olfactory trine at the groove level and extending towards the lateral ventricle, with slight compression and deformation of the thalamus but no other macroscopic alterations in the other organs. The histopathology indicated that this nodular area in the encephalus contained moderate, well-delimited but unencapsulated cellularity, composed of large vascular spaces paved with endothelial cells filled with erythrocytes, some containing eosinophilic fibrillar material (fibrin) and others with organized thrombus containing occasional neutrophil aggregates. The endothelial cells had cytoplasm with indistinct borders, elongated nuclei, scanty crust-like chromatin, and cellular pleomorphism ranging from discrete to moderate, without mitotic figures.Discussion: The histological findings characterized the morphological changes in the brain as cavernous hemangioma, and the growth and compression of this neoplasm were considered the cause of the clinical signs of this dog. The main complaint was seizures, although ataxia and lethargy were also noted. These clinical signs are often related to changes in the anterior brain and brainstem. The literature does not list computed tomography as a complementary diagnostic method in cases of cerebral cavernous hemangioma in dogs, but CT scanning was useful in confirming cerebral hemorrhage. The main differential diagnosis for cerebral cavernous hemangioma would be a hamartoma, but what differentiates them histologically is the presence of normal interstices between the blood vessels, since no intervening neural tissue occurs in the case of cerebral hemangioma. Therefore, even in the absence of immunohistochemistry to more confidently confirm a cavernous hemangioma, the clinical signs, CT scans and especially the pathological findings were consistent with a case of cerebral cavernous hemangioma, a benign neoplasm with a poor prognosis due to the severe neurological changes it causes and its difficult treatment.

scholarly journals A rare case report of Russell’s viper snakebite with ischemic stroke

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
VK Pothukuchi ◽  
VR Chepuri ◽  
Kalyani Natta ◽  
Nagaraju Madigani ◽  
Alok Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Computed Tomography Scan ◽  
Rare Case Report ◽  
Russell’S Viper ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Underlying Pathology ◽  
Tomography Scan

Ischemic stroke following snakebite is rare. We report a case of a 55-year-old male who developed headache with expressive aphasia following a Russell’s viper bite. Computed tomography scan of the brain revealed infarcts in bilateral frontal lobes. The possible mechanisms for cerebral infarction in this scenario are discussed, which include disseminated intravascular coagulation, toxin-induced vasculitis, and endothelial damage. In viper bites, whenever there is any central nervous system manifestations or deficits, immediate computed tomography scan of the brain should be taken to delineate the underlying pathology, whether hemorrhagic or ischemic, as treatments differ in both situations. Although ischemic stroke is rare in viper bites, if the treatment is started early, the neurological deficits can be minimized.

scholarly journals Comorbidity of purulent meningitis with COVID‐19: A case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Ping Zhang ◽  
Chao Pan ◽  
Jiahui Wang ◽  
Yang Ma ◽  
Huaqiu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Recurrent Fever ◽  
Purulent Meningitis ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
The Brain

To date, only a few cases of intracranial infection related to severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) were reported. Here we describe a case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) that was comorbid with purulent meningitis. A 62‐year‐old male patient was diagnosed with moderate COVID‐19 and had no fever or cough after treatment. However, he suffered from a head injury and experienced headache and fever immediately after the accident. Computed tomography (CT) of the brain showed bilateral frontal lobe contusion, subdural hematoma, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. In the following days, the patient suffered from recurrent fever, although chest CT did not show evidence of worsening of infection. Several lumbar punctures were made, confirming increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure and karyocyte count. SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleic acid was not detected in CSF but revealed the presence of Escherichia coli. Thus, the patient was diagnosed with purulent meningitis, presumably caused by brain trauma or the immunologic dysfunction caused by COVID‐19, which was supported by the significant reduction of all kinds of immune cells. Since immunologic dysfunction is commonly presented in COVID‐19 patients, comorbidity with meningitis should be considered when a COVID‐19 patient presents with headache and fever. Lumbar punctures and CSF cultures may help in the diagnosis.

scholarly journals Brain neuroimaging of domestic cats: correlation between computed tomography and cross- sectional anatomy

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 1105-1111
Author(s):  
A.C. Nepomuceno ◽  
R. Zanatta ◽  
D.G. Chung ◽  
P.F. Costa ◽  
M.A.R. Feliciano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT Computed tomography of the brain is necessary as part of the diagnosis of lesions of the central nervous system. In this study we used six domestic cats, male or female, aged between one and five years, evaluated by Computed Tomography (CT) examination without clinical signs of central nervous system disorders. Two euthanized animals stating a condition unrelated to the nervous system were incorporated into this study. The proposal consisted in establishing detailed anatomical description of tomographic images of normal brain of cats, using as reference anatomical images of cross sections of the stained brain and cranial part, with thicknesses similar to the planes of the CT images. CT examinations were performed with and without intravenous iodinated contrast media for live animals. With one euthanized animal, the brain was removed and immediately preserved in 10% formalin for later achievement in cross-sectional thickness of approximately 4mm and staining technique of Barnard, and Robert Brown. The head of another animal was disarticulated in the Atlanto-occipital region and frozen at -20ºC then sliced to a thickness of about 5mm. The description of visualized anatomical structures using tomography is useful as a guide and allows transcribing with relative accuracy the brain region affected by an injury, and thus correlating it with the clinical symptoms of the patient, providing additional information and consequent improvement to veterinarians during the course of surgical clinic in this species.

scholarly journals Choroid plexus papilloma and Aicardi syndrome: case report

2002 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1008-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldo Pianetti Filho ◽  
Luiz Fernando Fonseca ◽  
Márcia Cristina da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Choroid Plexus Papilloma ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Baby Girl ◽  
The Third ◽  
Aicardi Syndrome ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Plexus Papilloma

A case of Aicardi syndrome associated with a choroid plexus papilloma of the third and both lateral ventricles in a 15 months old baby girl is repported. The tumor was completely removed via three craniotomies. Reports of the literature with the association of choroid plexus papilloma and Aicardi syndrome are rare. We suggest that children diagnosed with Aicardi syndrome should routinely undergo imaging studies of the brain, such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance.

scholarly journals Case Report: Corpus callosal apraxia following acute ischemic stroke

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 731
Author(s):  
Santhosh Narayanan ◽  
Gomathy Subramaniam
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cerebral Hemispheres ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Ischemic Infarct ◽  
The Right

The corpus callosum is a compact structure that connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres. Here we report the case of a 50 year old woman who presented with features of corpus callosum apraxia, initially mistaken as psychiatric symptom by her relatives. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance of brain confirmed the diagnosis of acute ischemic infarct in the body of the corpus callosum. Isolated stroke involving the corpus callosum is rarely reported in literature and is a diagnostic challenge due to atypical clinical features.

scholarly journals Comparison of Clinical Diagnosis of Stroke with Computed Tomographic Scan of the Brain

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
Sirajee Shafiqul Islam ◽  
Aminur Rahman ◽  
Md Manzur Alahi ◽  
Md Ahmed Ali ◽  
Md Kafiluddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
The Brain

Background and purpose: Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in both developed as well as developing countries. The clinical presentation of stroke depending on the site and extent of lesions. For the management purpose it is important to know whether we are dealing with a bleed or an infarct. Methodology: Computed Tomography (CT scan) is available most of the tertiary level hospitals in Bangladesh. This study was carried out to compare clinical diagnosis of stroke with Computed tomography (CT) scan findings in ascertaining the type of stroke (hemorrhagic or ischemic). Materials and methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in the Department of Neurology, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital during the period of January 2010 to December 2010. Total 200 stroke patients were selected by purposive sampling technique on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria as the study sample. . CT brain scan was done for all the patients. The clinical diagnosis was compared with the results of CT scan and performance test was done. Results: Clinically 67 patients were diagnosed as hemorrhagic stroke and 133 patients were diagnosed as ischemic stroke. Out of these 67 hemorrhagic patients CT scan revealed that 56 patients had intracerebral hemorrhage, 5 had infarct, 4 had subarachnoid hemorrhage and 2 had space occupying lesions in the brain. Out of these 133 ischemic patients CT scan revealed that 119 patients had infarction, 6 had intracerebral hemorrhage and 8 had space occupying lesions in the brain. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of clinical diagnosis of hemorrhagic stroke were 90.32%, 92.03%, 83.58%, 92.02% and 91.5% respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of clinical diagnosis of ischemic stroke were 95.96%, 81.58%, 89.47%, 92.53% and 90.5% respectively. Conclusion: The diagnosis of stroke in clinically with high accuracy, but perform a CT scan will help to confirm and differentiate to type stroke. Thus CT scan should be done in all cases stroke to specify the diagnosis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjn.v28i2.17179 Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2012; Vol. 28 (2): 96-101

scholarly journals Case Report: Duodenoscopy diagnosis of a secondary aorto-duodenal fistula: A case report and review of literature.

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 594
Author(s):  
Hanen Elloumi ◽  
Melek Ben Mrad ◽  
Imen Ganzoui ◽  
Sonia Ben Hamida ◽  
Wissem Triki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Prosthetic Graft ◽  
Enteric Fistula ◽  
Prosthetic Reconstruction ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Computed Tomography Angiogram

Secondary aorto-enteric fistula (SAEF) is a rare life-threatening complication occurring in patients with previous infrarenal aortic prosthetic reconstruction. The main symptom is a gastrointestinal bleeding. Its diagnosis is challenging due to the lack of a specific clinical signs. The failure of early diagnosis and treatment of this entity can lead to fatal issue. Actually, the abdominal computed tomography angiogram represents the principal exploration to confirm the diagnosis, but it is associated with a moderate specificity and sensibility. Duodenoscopy can highlight the communication between the duodenum and the prosthetic graft, but it is often inconclusive. We report in this manuscript a case of secondary aorto-enteric fistula revealed by occult gastrointestinal bleeding in an elderly patient who is admitted for severe anemia. The SAEF diagnosis was suspected by the computed tomography scan and confirmed by the duodenoscopy showing an exceptional image of Dacron graft protruding in the third duodenum lumen. Unfortunately, the patient died from cataclysmic shock before intervention. We overview also the rare previous published case reports concerning the endoscopic images of secondary aortoenteric fistula and we contrast our findings with those reported in the literature.

scholarly journals Multiple Recurrent Acute Ischemic Strokes Treated by Thrombectomy in a Patient with Acute Pulmonary Embolism

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 801-804
Author(s):  
Ton Mai Duy ◽  
Luu Vu Dang ◽  
Phuong Dao Viet ◽  
Chi Nguyen Van ◽  
Quang Anh Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Vessel Occlusion ◽  
Brain Vessels ◽  
The Brain

BACKGROUND: Thrombectomy is recommended to treat for an acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patient with anterior large vessel occlusion. However, there were neither detailed guidelines nor systematic reviews of acute ischemic stroke patients having multiple times or re-occluded arteries. CASE REPORT: In our case report, we struggled a multiple (4-times) AIS patient underwent by one intravenous r-tpA and 3 remaining of endovascular treatment of thrombectomy. Especially, the finding of both pulmonary embolism and cerebral arteries occlusion in this patient made us difficult to decide the appropriate treatment plan. The patient was considered having multiple cardiac thrombi pumping out to the brain and pulmonary vessels even in treatment with NOAC (New Oral Anticoagulant). Our priority, normally, was to recanalize the brain vessels compared to the pulmonary arteries. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, based on this noticed case study, we want to share our experiences on the diagnosis of ischemic stroke, the strategy in treatment and prevention with anticoagulant therapy.

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