Criterion validity of metabolic and anthropometric predictors in diabetic foot syndrome

Background/Aim. The diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) appears in 15% of diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and is the most common cause of hospitalization, prolonged hospital stay and lower extremity amputation. This study assesses the discriminant validity of the indicators of glycemic control, lipoprotein status and the body mass index (BMI) in diagnosing DFS in the DM patients. Methods. A comparative observational study was conducted with the study group composed of patients diagnosed with DM and DFS and a control group, composed of healthy volunteers. Metabolic predictors measured in the study were: fasting glycaemia (FG), postprandial glycaemia (PPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol, total triglyceride, low density lipoprotein (LDLc) and high density lipoprotein (HDLc). The BMI was measured as an anthropometric variable. The validity criterion of both metabolic and anthropometric variables was estimated by the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) procedure. Results. A total of 70 patients with DM and 60 healthy volunteers were observed. Using the ROC procedure, five significant predictors of DFS were proved. The validity criterion for HbA1c, FG, PPG, LDLc and the BMI were in the following order: 6.3%, 6.3 mmol/L, 7.1 mmol/L, 4.39 mmol/L and 25 kg/m2, respectively. Significantly larger surfaces were found under the curve for all glycometabolic variables, compared to the surface under the curve for LDLc, as well as relative to the surface under the curve for BMI. Conclusion. Preventing DFS in patients with DM has to include intensification of diet measures along with the treatment of the increased value of fasting glycaemia, postprandial glycaemia and LDLc, even when they lower compared to the current recommended values for the patients with DM. Lowering body fat in the patients with DM has to be approached in the period of their pre-obesity.

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Lipidomics reveals perturbations in the liver lipid profile of iron overloaded mice

Metallomics ◽

10.1093/mtomcs/mfab057 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Haoxuan Ding ◽

Qian Zhang ◽

Xiaonan Yu ◽

Lingjun Chen ◽

Zhonghang Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iron Overload ◽

Iron Status ◽

Liver Lipid ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Global Scale ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Liver Iron ◽

Iron Storage

Abstract Iron overload is an important contributor to disease. The liver, the major site of iron storage in the body, is a key organ impacted by iron overload. While several studies have reported perturbations in liver lipids in iron overload, it is not clear, on a global scale, how individual liver lipid ions are altered. Here, we used lipidomics to study the changes in hepatic lipid ions in iron-overloaded mice. Iron overload was induced by daily intraperitoneal injections of 100mg/kg body weight iron dextran for one week. Iron overload was verified by serum markers of iron status, liver iron quantitation, and Perls’ stain. Compared with the control group, the serum of iron-overload mice exhibited low levels of urea nitrogen and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and high concentrations of total bile acid, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), suggestive of liver injury. Moreover, iron overload disrupted liver morphology, induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, caused lipid peroxidation, and led to DNA fragmentation. Iron overload altered the overall composition of lipid ions in the liver, with significant changes in over 100 unique lipid ions. Notably, iron overload selectively increased the overall abundance of glycerolipids and changed the composition of glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids. This study, one of the first to report iron-overload induced lipid alterations on a global lipidomics scale, provides early insight into lipid ions that may be involved in iron overload-induced pathology.

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Treating diabetic foot syndrome at the General Surgery Clinic of the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy

Medical Bulletin of the Main Military Clinical Hospital named after N.N. Burdenko ◽

10.53652/2782-1730-2021-2-3(5)-20-29 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (3(5)) ◽

pp. 20-29

Author(s):

S.Ya. Ivanusa ◽

◽

B.V. Risman ◽

A.V. Yanishevsky ◽

R.E. Shayakhmetov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surgical Treatment ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Diabetic Foot ◽

Local Treatment ◽

Diagnostic Algorithm ◽

Ultrasonic Cavitation ◽

Diabetic Foot Syndrome ◽

Control Group ◽

Physical Methods ◽

Purulent Wounds

We examined 180 patients with purulent-necrotic complications of diabetic foot syndrome, in whom the proposed diagnostic algorithm was used. Magnetic resonance imaging of the feet, ultrasound Doppler with duplex angioscanning, magnetic resonance and computed angiography of the lower extremities, as well as assessment of transcutaneous oxygen tension were performed. Surgical treatment tactics depended on the form of the diabetic foot syndrome, as well as the severity of the disease. As a local treatment, physical methods were used to accelerate the course of the wound process. The proposed diagnostic algorithm for the diagnosis and selection of surgical treatment for various forms of diabetic foot syndrome has made it possible to reduce the number of “high” amputations and maintain a supporting limb. Purpose of the study is to improve treatment outcomes for purulent-necrotic complications of diabetic foot syndrome by developing and applying a diagnostic algorithm and differentiated treatment tactics. The main group consisted of 180 patients with purulent-necrotic complications of diabetic foot syndrome, in whom the developed diagnostic algorithm and differentiated tactics of surgical treatment were used, as well as physical methods of influencing the wound process (ultrasonic cavitation and local ozonation) were used as local treatment. The control group included 40 patients with purulent-necrotic complications of diabetic foot syndrome, whose treatment involved the use of drugs that improve the rheological properties of blood and tissue microcirculation (rheopolyglucin, trental, actovegin) according to conventional schemes. Local treatment included sanitation and treatment of wound and ulcerative surfaces with antiseptic solutions and ointments, depending on the phase of the wound process. Data analysis in this group was carried out based on a retrospective study of case histories and an assessment of long-term results of treatment by follow-up examinations and telephone interviews. Control group included 25 (63%) men and 15 (37%) women; the average age was 67.3±10.3 years. The developed unified approaches in diagnosing and treating patients with purulent-necrotic complications of diabetic foot syndrome, who, in complex treatment, underwent staged necrectomy with simultaneous ultrasonic cavitation of purulent wounds and their ozonization, can reliably reduce the number of ulcer recurrences from 28% to 2.7%, high amputations by 34%, and the number of re-amputations ― 10 times. The use of minimally invasive surgical technologies for the rehabilitation of deep purulent foci of the foot, in comparison with the classical principles of treatment of purulent wounds, makes it possible to achieve a complete cleansing of wounds, preparation for plastic surgery, and an increase in the number of functional supportable lower limbs by 42.7%. According to the data obtained, it is optimal to perform sanitizing operations after revascularization of at least one artery no earlier than 3–4 days, which makes it possible to increase their efficiency and reduce the number of repeated surgical interventions. The approach to managing patients with diabetic foot syndrome at all stages of treatment and rehabilitation should be interdisciplinary and include the following specialists: endocrinologist, orthopedist, surgeon, psychologist, trained nursing staff.

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Overfeeding-Induced Obesity Could Cause Potential Immuno-Physiological Disorders in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10091499 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1499

Author(s):

HyeongJin Roh ◽

Jiyeon Park ◽

Ahran Kim ◽

Nameun Kim ◽

Yoonhang Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rainbow Trout ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Fish Farming ◽

The Body ◽

Fish Nutrition ◽

Control Group ◽

Hepatosomatic Index ◽

Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽

High Lipid

Although over-nutrition from overfeeding-induced obesity is known to be highly associated with metabolic and immunological disorders in humans, little is known about overfeeding-induced obesity in fish farming. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in immuno-physiological parameters, to better understand the potential risk of overfeeding–induced obesity in fish. Commercial feed was provided to fish in the overfed group until they refuse to eat, but fish in the control group was fed with the feed at 1% bodyweight per day. The hemato-serological, histological, and immunological changes were observed at weeks 2 and 8. Rainbow trout leukocytes were co-incubated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL), and the phagocytes engulfing the OxLDL and the presence of apoptotic cells were evaluated. The body weight, body mass index (BMI), and hepatosomatic index (HSI) index were significantly higher in the overfed group, and high lipid accumulation and fatty changes were also observed in their livers, indicating that the feeding regime used in this study led to overfeeding-induced obesity. Likewise, much higher numbers of and larger vacuoles were observed in overfed fish macrophages, showing unclear boundaries between the cytoplasm and extracellular space. In the overfed group, the expression of IL-10, HSP70, TLR2, and CD36 was significantly higher, and lymphocyte apoptosis was more evident, indicating that overfeeding-induced obese fish might have immunologic disorders. This was the first study to demonstrate that overfeeding-induced obesity could cause an immune-physiological imbalance in rainbow trout, making them more vulnerable to infectious diseases and various stressful conditions. This study will contribute to improvements in fish nutrition, feeding practices, fish nutrition, and disease prevention in the aquaculture industry.

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Bubbling Treatment Option in the Complex Therapy of Diabetic Foot Syndrome

Vestnik of Experimental and Clinical Surgery ◽

10.18499/2070-478x-2021-14-3-210-215 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 210-215

Author(s):

Anton Petrovich Ostroushko ◽

Alexander Alekseevich Andreev ◽

Alexander Alexandrovich Shmarin ◽

Vladislav Valeryevich Novomlinsky ◽

Anastasia Yurievna Laptiyova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Option ◽

Diabetic Foot ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Late Complications ◽

Diabetic Foot Syndrome ◽

Control Group ◽

Results Of Treatment ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

After Cancer

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common and socially significant endocrine disease that leads to early disability and is the most common cause of mortality in patients after cancer and cardiovascular pathology. The cost of managing patients with diabetes can reach 30% of the country's health budget, 90% of which is spent on the treatment of its complications. Diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) is developed in 20-80% of patients and is one of the most dangerous late complications. In clinical practice, various approaches to its treatment are used, but the number of high amputation and mortality rate in this group of patients remains significant. The aim of the study was to improve the results of treatment of patients with diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) by including the bubbling treatment method in the program of therapeutic measures. Forty-eight patients with neuropathic and neuroischemic forms of DFS were treated. The control group consisted of 23 patients receiving conventional treatment, the main group included 26 patients, who were applied bubbling treatment option locally. The analysis of groups of patients showed no significant differences by gender, age, stages of diabetic foot syndrome, depth of necrotic defect, complications and concomitant diseases. The use of the bubbling treatment method in the complex treatment of patients with DFS allowed more effectively arresting symptoms of local (edema, hyperemia, wound exudate, necrolysis) and general inflammation, anemia and intoxication syndromes, contributed to the activation of regeneration processes in soft tissues, which, combined with complex FDS treatment, together, reduced the number of amputations by 18.7%.

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The Hypolipidemic Effect of Aqueous Extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa on Paracetamol-induced Hepatotoxicity in Albino Wistar Rats

European Journal of Medicinal Plants ◽

10.9734/ejmp/2020/v31i730254 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 54-60

Author(s):

E. B. Umoren ◽

J. F. Ekpenyong ◽

O. E. Oyama ◽

A. O. Obembe

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Treated Group ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Hypolipidemic Effect ◽

Low Density ◽

Hibiscus Sabdariffa

Aim of the Study: This study was undertaken to ascertain if Hibiscus sabdariffa extract can affect the lipid profile (Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), and low density lipoprotein (LDL)) levels in a paracetamol- induced hepatotoxicity using albino Wistar rat as a model. Materials and Methods: Thirty (30) rats used for this study were divided into three groups. Group A (n=10) served as control. Group B (n=10) was administered paracetamol only at a dose of 750 mg/kg body weight. Group C (n=10) was administered paracetamol (dose 750 mg/kg body weight) and aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa (dose 10 ml/kg body weight) of the animal for 3 weeks. All animals were allowed free access to clean drinking water and normal rat chow. Results: Results of the study revealed that TC was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the paracetamol + H. sabdariffa-treated group as compared to paracetamol-treated group and control respectively. Similar trend was observed with TG, VLDL-c, LDL-c and HDL-c. However, the decrease in HDL-c was not statistically significant when compared to control. Conclusion: The presence of bioactive constituents vis; anthocyanins, flavonoids, polyvenols and free radical scavenging properties in H. sabdariffa enabled a hypolipidemic effect on the animals by lowering the levels of serum TG, VLDL-c, LDL-c despite challenge on the liver. However, it was unable to produce significant effect on HDL concentration -very important cholesterol required in high level to maintain homeostasis inside the body. This may be due to the challenge on the liver as a result of the paracetamol abuse.

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Effect of Salvia officinalis and S. sclarea on rats with a high-fat hypercaloric diet

Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems ◽

10.15421/022176 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 554-563

Author(s):

M. A. Lieshchova ◽

A. A. Bohomaz ◽

V. V. Brygadyrenko

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Relative Weight ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

The Body ◽

Male Rats ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Control Group ◽

Excess Body Weight ◽

High Fat ◽

Hypercaloric Diet

Phytotherapy for the correction of excess body weight is widely used. However, a comprehensive study of herbal preparations on the organism of model animals has been carried out only for a few plant species. Supplementing the diet of rats with closely related sage species (Salvia officinalis L. and S. sclarea L.) against the background of high-fat hypercaloric diet triggered multidirectional changes in their metabolism. The addition of crushed dry shoots of S. officinalis to the diet of animals led to a sharp increase in their body weight (up to 130.8% of the initial one in 30 days of the experiment). The body weight of the rats treated with S. sclarea for 30 days increased only up to 103.8% of their initial weight and was lower than in the control group. Addition of S. officinalis caused an increase in daily weight gain up to 253.1% of the control group, and S. sclarea – its decrease to 27.8% of the daily weight gain in the control group. In the S. officinalis group, the relative weight of the brain, spleen, and thymus decreased, while in the S. sclarea group, the relative weight of the thymus decreased and that of the colon increased. Under the influence of S. officinalis, the concentration of urea, total bilirubin, and triglycerides in the blood plasma of male rats decreased and the concentration of total protein and the activity of alkaline phosphatase increased. While consuming S. sclarea shoots, there was an increase of alkaline phosphatase activity in the rats’ blood, but atherogenic index (23.1% of the level of the control group) sharply dropped due to an increase in the concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (286.9% of the control) and a decrease in the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (67.7% of control). In rats feeding on S. sclarea shoots, we observed a decrease in the concentration of triglycerides in the blood (39.9% of the control), a decrease in the activity of gamma-glutamyl transferase (62.8%), and an increase in the Ca/P ratio (132.5% of the control group). No significant changes were observed in CBC and WBC differential of male rats when eating S. officinalis and S. sclarea shoots. According to the results of the open field test, the physical and orientational activity of male rats under the influence of S. officinalis significantly decreased by the end of the experiment. Emotional status of rats, on the contrary, decreased when they ate dry crushed shoots of S. sclarea in the composition of the food. Thus, excess body weight of rats in the conditions of hypercaloric diet led to more pronounced deviations from the norm while consuming dry crushed shoots of S. officinalis. The addition of S. sclarea dry crushed shoots to the animals’ diet normalized the body weight in comparison with the control group, reduced the negative manifestations of obesity at the biochemical and organismal levels. In this regard, the substances that contains S. sclarea should be carefully studied for anti-atherosclerotic activity, and tea supplemented with S. sclarea shoots can be recommended as a corrective supplement in the diet of overweight people.

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Metabolic Consequences of Neuronal HIF1α-Deficiency in Mediobasal Hypothalamus in Mice

Frontiers in Endocrinology ◽

10.3389/fendo.2021.668193 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Azmat Rozjan ◽

Weibi Shan ◽

Qiaoling Yao

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Weight ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Mediobasal Hypothalamus ◽

Akt Phosphorylation ◽

Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽

Mrna Expression Levels

ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate whether hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) in the neurons of the mediobasal hypothalamus is involved in the regulation of body weight, glucose, and lipid metabolism in mice and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms.MethodsHIF1αflox/flox mice were used. The adeno-associated virus that contained either cre, GFP and syn, or GFP and syn (controls) was injected into the mediobasal hypothalamus to selectively knock out HIF1α in the neurons of the mediobasal hypothalamus. The body weight and food intake were weighed daily. The levels of blood glucose, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)were tested. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) was performed. The insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation in the liver, epididymal fat, and skeletal muscle were examined. Also, the mRNA expression levels of HIF1α, proopiomelanocortin (POMC), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and glucose transporter protein 4 (Glut4) in the hypothalamus were checked.ResultsAfter selectively knocking out HIF1α in the neurons of the mediobasal hypothalamus (HIF1αKOMBH), the body weights and food intake of mice increased significantly compared with the control mice (p < 0.001 at 4 weeks). Compared with that of the control group, the insulin level of HIF1αKOMBH mice was 3.5 times higher (p < 0.01). The results of the IPGTT showed that the blood glucose level of the HIF1αKOMBH group at 20–120 min was significantly higher than that of the control group (p < 0.05). The serum TC, FFA, HDL, and LDL content of the HIF1αKOMBH group was significantly higher than those of the control group (p < 0.05). Western blot results showed that compared with those in the control group, insulin-induced AKT phosphorylation levels in liver, epididymal fat, and skeletal muscle in the HIF1αKOMBH group were not as significantly elevated as in the control group. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results in the whole hypothalamus showed a significant decrease in Glut4 mRNA expression. And the mRNA expression levels of HIF1α, POMC, and NPY of the HIF1αKOMBH group decreased significantly in ventral hypothalamus.ConclusionsThe hypothalamic neuronal HIF1α plays an important role in the regulation of body weight balance in mice under normoxic condition. In the absence of hypothalamic neuronal HIF1α, the mice gained weight with increased appetite, accompanied with abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism. POMC and Glut4 may be responsible for this effect of HIF1α.

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The safety and efficacy of oral Arborium plus, a herbal liquid formulation in the treatment of diabetic foot syndrome: an open label study

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20201101 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 528

Author(s):

Pallavi Chalivendra ◽

Nurul Hameed Shaik ◽

Hari Prasad Balapalli ◽

Murali Krishna Parasaram ◽

Bhavya Bommadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Foot ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Diabetic Foot Syndrome ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Control Group ◽

Base Line ◽

Liquid Formulation ◽

Open Label ◽

Safety And Efficacy ◽

Vascular Flow

Background: Diabetic foot ulcers are the most universal cause of non-traumatic amputations of the foot in developing countries. One of the treatment modalities is to improve the peripheral blood supply to the area of ulcer. To this purpose the study was done to evaluate the safety and efficacy of oral Arborium plus (herbal liquid formulation) in the wound closure of diabetic foot patients.Methods: 50 patients were randomly assigned to either of the groups (each group 25 patients) to receive either the test drug (Arborium plus) at tertiary care teaching hospital, it was an open label prospective and interventional parallel group study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Arborium plus in diabetic foot syndrome. The study participants were randomized into control and intervention groups. Base line measurements of vascular flow was ankle- brachial pressure index (ABPI) and wound size measurement.Results: The baseline characteristics of the patients age in years test and control group 68±12.3 and 67±13.4 respectively. Male/female in both groups was 21/4 and 22/3 respectively. Duration of diabetes in years 8.65±8.3 and 8.5±7.6 respectively. BMI was 25.11±4.15 and 24.75±0.85, duration of smoking (years) 17.3±9.5 and 19.5±10.5 respectively in both groups. Among the test group who received the proprietary formulation of Arborium plus, there was a significant reduction in the wound size.Conclusions: Wound healing and ABPI improvements were observed with usage of Arborium plus suggest an improvement in peripheral vascular flow in diabetic foot subjects.

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Differential changes in self-reported aspects of interoceptive awareness through 3 months of contemplative training

10.31231/osf.io/7ytr9 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Boris Bornemann ◽

Beate M. Herbert ◽

Tania Singer

Keyword(s):

Discriminant Validity ◽

Daily Life ◽

Self Regulation ◽

Well Being ◽

Body Awareness ◽

The Body ◽

Self Report ◽

Interoceptive Awareness ◽

Control Group ◽

Convergent And Discriminant Validity

Interoceptive body awareness (IA) is crucial for psychological well-being and plays an important role in many contemplative traditions. However, until recently, standardized self-report measures of IA were scarce, not comprehensive, and the effects of interoceptive training on such measures were largely unknown. The Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA) questionnaire measures IA with eight different scales. In the current study, we investigated whether and how these different aspects of IA are inﬂuenced by a 3-months contemplative intervention in the context of the ReSource project, in which 148 subjects engaged in daily practices of “Body Scan” and “Breath Meditation.” We developed a German version of the MAIA and tested it in a large and diverse sample (n = 1,076). Internal consistencies were similar to the English version (0.56– 0.89), retest reliability was high (r s: 0.66–0.79), and the MAIA showed good convergent and discriminant validity. Importantly, interoceptive training improved ﬁve out of eight aspects of IA, compared to a retest control group. Participants with low IA scores at baseline showed the biggest changes. Whereas practice duration only weakly predicted individual differences in change, self-reported liking of the practices and degree of integration into daily life predicted changes on most scales. Interestingly, the magnitude of observed changes varied across scales. The strongest changes were observed for the regulatory aspects of IA, that is, how the body is used for self-regulation in daily life. No signiﬁcant changes were observed for the Noticing aspect (becoming aware of bodily changes), which is the aspect that is predominantly assessed in other IA measures. This differential pattern underscores the importance to assess IA multi-dimensionally, particularly when interested in enhancement of IA through contemplative practice or other mind–body interventions.

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THE INFLUENCE OF DIABETIC FOOT GYMNASTIC TO BODY BALANCE IN ELDERLY DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS IN GATOEL MOJOKERTO HOSPITAL DIABETIC CLUB

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY SCIENCE (IJNMS) ◽

10.29082/ijnms/2018/vol2.iss03.172 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (03) ◽

pp. 281-288

Author(s):

Abdul Muhith Muhith ◽

Hannan Mujib Mujib ◽

Dwi Helynarti S ◽

M Himawan S ◽

Ismawati S S ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Elderly People ◽

Diabetic Foot ◽

Intervention Group ◽

The Body ◽

Rank Test ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Body Balance ◽

Body Tissues

Diabetes mellitus suffers from insulin deficiency which inhibited the transfer of glucose to cells in body tissues that cause starvation cells an in the increase in glucose in the blood that leads to muscle weakness thus disrupt the bodyâ€™s balance and increase the risk of falling. Diabetic foot exercises aim to improved blood circulation in the feet of people with diabetes mellitus, so that nutrient smoothly to the network. The purpose of this study to determine the effect of diabetic foot gymnastics on body balance elderly people with diabetes mellitus in Diabetic Club Gatoel Hospital Mojokerto in the 27 February â€“ 25 March 2017. This research used a Quasy Experimental method with Pretest-Posttest with Control Group Design. The sampling technique used Simple Random Sampling with the sample of 17 respondents for the control group and 17 respondents for the intervention group. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test obtained p-value 0,000 < 0,05 concluded that there is an influence of diabetic foot exercises on body balance in elderly people with diabetes mellitus in Diabetic Club Gatoel Hospital Mojokerto. The study recommended that elderly people with diabetes mellitus is expected to take advantage of diabetic foot exercises as an effort to improve the balance of the body to reduce the incidence of fall.

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