scholarly journals Types of population dynamics of the settlements in Belgrade region

2014 ◽  
pp. 443-453
Author(s):  
Zora Zivanovic ◽  
Mirjana Devedzic ◽  
Gordana Vojkovic
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Permanent Residence ◽  
Settlement Structure ◽  
Spatial Redistribution ◽  
Long Time ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
And Migration ◽  
S Model

The aim of this paper was to present the main features of spatial redistribution of the population in the Belgrade region in the period from 1971 to 2011, by following the ratio between natural and migration components of population change in residential areas. The analysis was conducted using the modified Clarke?s model. According to the 2011 Census, the Belgrade region is inhabited by 1,659,440 residents living in 157 settlements. As the most developed part of Serbia, for a long time Belgrade has been the destination of the majority of those who changed their place of permanent residence within national boundaries. During the observed forty-year period, the immigration significance of certain settlements in Belgrade region changed in accordance with the socio-economic and demographic circumstances. This paper explores how the type of the population dynamics of settlements transformed, the most important changes and new problems that have arisen concerning the settlement structure in the Belgrade region.

scholarly journals Algorithmic Integration and Precarious (Dis)Obedience: On the Co-Constitution of Migration Regime and Workplace Regime in Digitalised Manufacturing and Logistics

2021 ◽  
pp. 095001702110314
Author(s):  
Simon Schaupp
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Manual Work ◽  
Work Control ◽  
Permanent Residence ◽  
Labour Process ◽  
Self Organisation ◽  
And Migration

This article analyses the interaction of the algorithmic workplace regime and the migration regime in manual work in platform logistics and manufacturing in Germany. Based on ethnographic case studies, the article reconstructs how companies integrate migrant workers by using systems of algorithmic work control. These simplify the labour process and direct workers without relying on a certain language. Algorithmic work control, however, does not realise its intended disciplining effects on its own but is dependent on external factors. A precarious residence status is such an external disciplining factor as it can create an implicit alliance of migrant workers with their employers in the hope for permanent residence. Nonetheless, the interaction of the two regimes also produced new forms of solidarity between the workers, which in some cases led to new forms of self-organisation. Thus, workplace regime and migration regime co-constitute each other.

scholarly journals Increasing frequency of low summer precipitation synchronizes dynamics and compromises metapopulation stability in the Glanville fritillary butterfly

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1806) ◽  
pp. 20150173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayco J. M. Tack ◽  
Tommi Mononen ◽  
Ilkka Hanski
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Summer Precipitation ◽  
Life History Stage ◽  
General Effect ◽  
Spatial Synchrony ◽  
Glanville Fritillary Butterfly ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Climate change is known to shift species' geographical ranges, phenologies and abundances, but less is known about other population dynamic consequences. Here, we analyse spatio-temporal dynamics of the Glanville fritillary butterfly ( Melitaea cinxia ) in a network of 4000 dry meadows during 21 years. The results demonstrate two strong, related patterns: the amplitude of year-to-year fluctuations in the size of the metapopulation as a whole has increased, though there is no long-term trend in average abundance; and there is a highly significant increase in the level of spatial synchrony in population dynamics. The increased synchrony cannot be explained by increasing within-year spatial correlation in precipitation, the key environmental driver of population change, or in per capita growth rate. On the other hand, the frequency of drought during a critical life-history stage (early larval instars) has increased over the years, which is sufficient to explain the increasing amplitude and the expanding spatial synchrony in metapopulation dynamics. Increased spatial synchrony has the general effect of reducing long-term metapopulation viability even if there is no change in average metapopulation size. This study demonstrates how temporal changes in weather conditions can lead to striking changes in spatio-temporal population dynamics.

Population dynamics of priority geostrategic Territories of Russia in 2010-2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-142
Author(s):  
Valery V. Patsiorkovsky ◽  
Yury A. Simagin ◽  
Djamila J. Murtuzalieva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Far East ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Natural Growth ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
And Migration

The article presents an analysis of the dynamics of the population of the priority geostrategic territories of the Russian Federation. They are highlighted in the "Strategy for the Spatial Development of the Russian Federation until 2025" as territories that are of particular importance for the development of the country as a whole and are distinguished at the same time by special life conditions and the functioning of the economy due to their geographical location. Population dynamics for such territories is both a factor determining socio-economic development and an indicator of the effectiveness of this development. The components of the population dynamics - natural growth and migration flows - are of particular importance. The article describes all four groups of priority geostrategic territories of Russia - isolated from the main territory of the country (exclaves), located in the North Caucasus and the Far East, in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. For each group, trends in population dynamics have been identified since the 2010 census, taking into account the components of natural growth and migration. The multidirectional aspect of the main demographic processes in the priority geostrategic territories of the country is revealed - natural growth is combined with the migration outflow of the population, and the migration inflow - with natural decline. At the same time, in the exclave and North Caucasian territories, the population is growing, and in the Far Eastern and Arctic territories it is decreasing. The features of both groups of priority geostrategic territories in comparison with Russia as a whole and of individual constituent entities of the Russian Federation and municipalities within groups of territories are shown. The latter became possible due to the use of the database "Municipal Russia", that summarises demographic statistics for all urban districts and municipal areas of the country, including those located in priority geostrategic territories. As a result of the analysis of the population dynamics, directions have been identified that can lead to an improvement in the demographic situation in the priority geostrategic territories of the country, and, accordingly, will contribute to the socio-economic development of not only these territories, but the entire Russian Federation

Marrying out: Exploring Dimensions of Cross-National Marriages among Qataris

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanaa Taha Alharahsheh ◽  
◽  
Feras Al Meer ◽  
Ahmed Aref ◽  
Gilla Camden
Keyword(s):  
Social Transformation ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Marriage Patterns ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Petroleum Resources ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Cross National

In an age of social transformation characterized by globalization, wireless communication, and ease of travel and migration, more and more people around the world are marrying across national boundaries. This has occurred worldwide with the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) as no exception to this trend. As with the rest of the GCC, Qatar has witnessed remarkable social changes because of the discovery of petroleum resources that have affected the daily lives of people within Qatar in myriad ways. This includes marriage patterns, whereby cross-national marriages (marriages with non-Qataris) have shown a marked increase during the past few years, reaching 21% of total Qatari marriages in 2015 compared with only 16.5% in 1985.

scholarly journals Quantifying the effect of genetic, environmental and individual demographic stochastic variability for population dynamics in Plantago lanceolata

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich K. Steiner ◽  
Shripad Tuljapurkar ◽  
Deborah A. Roach
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Adaptive Dynamics ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Experimental Population ◽  
Stochastic Variation ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Stochastic Events

AbstractSimple demographic events, the survival and reproduction of individuals, drive population dynamics. These demographic events are influenced by genetic and environmental parameters, and are the focus of many evolutionary and ecological investigations that aim to predict and understand population change. However, such a focus often neglects the stochastic events that individuals experience throughout their lives. These stochastic events also influence survival and reproduction and thereby evolutionary and ecological dynamics. Here, we illustrate the influence of such non-selective demographic variability on population dynamics using population projection models of an experimental population of Plantago lanceolata. Our analysis shows that the variability in survival and reproduction among individuals is largely due to demographic stochastic variation with only modest effects of differences in environment, genes, and their interaction. Common expectations of population growth, based on expected lifetime reproduction and generation time, can be misleading when demographic stochastic variation is large. Large demographic stochastic variation exhibited within genotypes can lower population growth and slow evolutionary adaptive dynamics. Our results accompany recent investigations that call for more focus on stochastic variation in fitness components, such as survival, reproduction, and functional traits, rather than dismissal of this variation as uninformative noise.

scholarly journals Estimation Of Annual Indexes of Abundance and Trend From The American Woodcock Singing-Ground Survey:  Comparison Of 4 Models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R Sauer ◽  
William A. Link ◽  
Mark E. Seamans ◽  
Rebecca D. Rau
Keyword(s):  
Population Change ◽  
Breeding Bird Survey ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Alternative Models ◽  
American Woodcock ◽  
Ground Survey ◽  
Bird Survey ◽  
Leave One Out ◽  
S Model ◽  
D Model

Status and trends of American Woodcock Scolopax minor populations in the eastern and central US and Canada are monitored via a Singing-ground Survey , conducted just after sunset along roadsides in spring.  Annual analyses of the survey produce estimates of trend and annual indexes of abundance for 25 states and provinces, eastern and central management regions, and survey-wide.  In recent years, a log-linear hierarchical model that defines year effects as random effects in the context of a slope parameter (the S Model) has been used to model population change. Recently, alternative models have been proposed for analysis of Singing-ground Survey data.  Analysis of a similar roadside survey, the North American Breeding Bird Survey , has indicated that alternative models are preferable for almost all species analyzed in the Breeding Bird Survey.  Here, we use leave-one-out cross validation to compare model fit for the present Singing-ground Survey model to fits of three alternative models, including a model that describes population change as the difference in expected counts between successive years (the D model) and two models that include t -distributed extra-Poisson overdispersion effects (H models) as opposed to normally-distributed extra-Poisson overdispersion.   Leave-one-out cross validation results indicate that the D model was favored by the Bayesian predictive information criterion but a pairwise t -test indicated that model D was not significantly better-fitting to Singing-ground Survey data than the S model.  The H models are not preferable to the alternatives with normally-distributed overdispersion.   All models provided generally similar estimates of trend and annual indexes suggesting that, within this model set, choice of model will not lead to alternative conclusions regarding population change.  However, as in Breeding Bird Survey analyses, we note a tendency for S model results to provide slightly more extreme estimates of trend relative to D models.   We recommend use of the D model for future Singing-ground Survey analyses.

After the Airlifts

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Varzally
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Attention ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
And Migration ◽  
And Control ◽  
The U.S

This chapter focuses upon the aftermath of Operation Babylift, the mass airlift of Vietnamese children to the United states on the eve of the nation’s formal withdrawal. Arguably the most dramatic episode of the unfolding adoption and migration story, it received overwhelming media coverage, captured international attention, and pushed Vietnamese adoptees to the center of debates about the war’s end and aftermath. Although the architects of the airlift hoped it would improve the America’s reputation and benefit Vietnamese children, it stoked significant controversy among Americans and Vietnamese who accused the U.S. and Vietnamese governments of playing politics. The airlift and its controversy also displayed the creative ways in which Vietnamese families stretched across national boundaries an, demanded reunions, and disputed American efforts to contain and control the legacies of war.

Aging and the Aged

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Macey ◽  
Geoffrey C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Residential Location ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
The North ◽  
Spatial Shift ◽  
And Migration

Elders are the fastest growing segment of the American population. In 1900, average life expectancy was 47 years. In the 1990s this figure stood at 78 years (Satcher 1996). Thus, not only are there both a higher percentage and a greater number of elderly individuals, but they are living longer, thus presenting a unique opportunity and challenge for geographic research. An earlier summary of the geographic literature on aging details several well-developed themes (Golant et al. 1989). These include residential location and migration patterns, activity patterns, and environmental relationships. The same themes persist and have been joined by work in health and service provision. Newer issues appearing in the literature concern the implications of a spatial shift in the elderly population for personal and environmental outcomes, with both the natural and built environments being the objects of study. A notable characteristic of these geographic studies is their broad range of scales from the macro-level (migration) to the micro-level (daily living space). This chapter seeks to highlight representative and influential contributions made by geographers to our understanding of how these demographic and spatial shifts affect the North American scene and how they will continue to impact America in the twenty-first century. It takes a broad, but selective view of current aging research as geographers are just one group of social scientists studying the elderly population and much collaboration and overlap in interests occur. The objective is not to discuss the findings of individual research, but rather to explore the breadth of issues examined by geographers. Several themes will be explored, including demographics and the components of population change, migration patterns, residential location and housing, service and health delivery, and environmental issues of particular relevance to the elderly population. The aging of populations, and the growing number of older individuals, implies that the spatial mobility of the aged will be a growing force shaping societies. The migration patterns of older persons have attracted considerable attention among scholars in a host of disciplines and have continued to be a research focus in geography.

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