scholarly journals World crisis and world state in Jacques Attali’s conception

2015 ◽  
pp. 699-710
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Gajic
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Public Official ◽  
Global Integration ◽  
Possible World ◽  
World State ◽  
World Crisis ◽  
The World ◽  
Military Security ◽  
Jacques Attali ◽  
New Institutions

Before the arise of the world economic crisis, contemporary concepts of World State creation had been based mainly on political and military-security reasons of global integration. They all emerged from ?Peace plans? of confederate consociation of national states primarily into the peace, and, then, supranational political organizations. All of the modern plans of World State that had originated in the ?Peace politics? of modern era were based on political and security arguments and offered political and institutional solutions, while their contemporary followers operated these ideas theoretically only in much different current circumstances. Only after the crisis had erupted, did new ideas and new concepts of the World State supporters emerge, suggesting how to handle the consequences of the crisis. As some national states have demonstrated incapacity to deal with it, new reasons for ?necessary? global institutional superstructure have appeared. The most important opinion on this matter was given by Jacques Attali, well known French economist, writer and high public official. This paper gives Attali?s philosophical and historical overview on world crisis as the first financial crisis of mondialization. Attali explains the inevitable historical pattern that anarchic mondialization has led to, which, he presumes, requires establishment on global level, what was previously done on the national level. Furthermore, he gives the description of a possible World State as a presumed result of balance between market and democratic forces that will lead into the establishment of new institutions on the basis of those already existing, global international organizations. All of these presumptions are exposed to criticism in the final section of the paper.

Transforming Governance: How National Policies and Organizations for Managing Disaster Recovery Evolved following the 4 September 2010 and 22 February 2011 Canterbury Earthquakes

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 577-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie A. Johnson ◽  
Ljubica Mamula-Seadon
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Recovery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
National Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Government Capacity ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Recovery Management ◽  
New Institutions

Large-scale disasters simultaneously deplete capital stock and services which then requires many complex rebuilding and societal activities to happen in a compressed time period; one of those is governance. Governments often create new institutions or adapt existing institutions to cope with the added demands. Over two years following the 4 September 2010 and 22 February 2011 Canterbury earthquakes, governance transformations have increasingly centralized recovery authority and operations at the national level. This may have helped to strengthen coordination among national agencies and expedite policy and decision making; but the effectiveness of coordination among multiple levels of government, capacity building at the local and regional levels, and public engagement and deliberation of key decisions are some areas where the transformations may not have been as effective. The Canterbury case offers many lessons for future disaster recovery management in New Zealand, the United States, and the world.

scholarly journals Point estimate observers: A new class of models for perceptual decision making

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiko Herbert Schütt ◽  
Aspen Yoo ◽  
Joshua Michael Calder-Travis ◽  
Wei Ji Ma
Keyword(s):  
Model Development ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Possible World ◽  
World State ◽  
New Class ◽  
The World ◽  
Model Observers

Bayesian optimal inference is often heralded as a principled, general framework for human perception. However, optimal inference requires integration over all possible world states, which quickly becomes intractable in complex real-world settings. Additionally, deviations from optimal inference have been observed in human decisions. As a candidate alternative framework to address these issues, we propose point estimate observers, which evaluate only a single best estimate of the world state per response category. We compare the predicted behavior of these model observers to human decisions in five perceptual categorisation tasks. Compared to the Bayesian observer, the point estimate observer loses decisively in one task, ties in two and wins in two tasks. Thus, the point estimate observer is competitive with the Bayesian observer and should be considered in future model development and experimental studies.

scholarly journals Reply to Ezcurdia and Gómez-Torrente

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (108) ◽  
pp. 83-114
Author(s):  
Scott Soames
Keyword(s):  
Natural Kind ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Possible World ◽  
Truth Values ◽  
Natural Kind Terms ◽  
World State ◽  
Kind Terms ◽  
The World ◽  
Original Sense ◽  
Belief Ascriptions

Contra Ezcurdia, it is argued that my thesis —that substitution of coreferential names or indexicals in attitude ascriptions preserves truth values of propositions semantically expressed, although it often changes truth values of propositions asserted— is compatible with the fact that belief ascriptions play important explanatory roles. Contra Gómez-Torrente, it is argued that although single-word natural kind terms are rigid in Kripke's original sense, natural kind predicates containing them are neither rigid nor obstinately essential —in the sense of applying to the same individuals in every possible world-state, whether those individuals exist at the world-state or not.

God and the world crisis

1941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Loth Liebman
Keyword(s):  
World Crisis ◽  
The World

China und Lateinamerika

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (142) ◽  
pp. 113-126
Author(s):  
Enrique Dussel Peters
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
World Market ◽  
Global Integration ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
The World ◽  
New Challenges

China's socioeconomic accumulation in the last 30 years has been probably one of the most outstanding global developments and has resulted in massive new challenges for core and periphery countries. The article examines how China's rapid and massive integration to the world market has posed new challenges for countries such as Mexico - and most of Latin America - as a result of China's successful exportoriented industrialization. China's accumulation and global integration process does, however, not only question and challenges the export-possibilities in the periphery, but also the global inability to provide energy in the medium term.

: The Science of Man in the World Crisis . Ralph Linton.

1945 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 150-151
Author(s):  
Bruno Lasker
Keyword(s):  
World Crisis ◽  
The World

An Econometric Analysis on the Relationship between Globalisation and Inequality in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-89
Author(s):  
Jacques de Jongh
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Global Integration ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

Globalisation has had an unprecedented impact on the development and well-being of societies across the globe. Whilst the process has been lauded for bringing about greater trade specialisation and factor mobility many have also come to raise concerns on its impact in the distribution of resources. For South Africa in particular this has been somewhat of a contentious issue given the country's controversial past and idiosyncratic socio-economic structure. Since 1994 though, considerable progress towards its global integration has been made, however this has largely coincided with the establishment of, arguably, the highest levels of income inequality the world has ever seen. This all has raised several questions as to whether a more financially open and technologically integrated economy has induced greater within-country inequality (WCI). This study therefore has the objective to analyse the impact of the various dimensions of globalisation (economic, social and political) on inequality in South Africa. Secondary annual time series from 1990 to 2018 were used sourced from the World Bank Development indicators database, KOF Swiss Economic Institute and the World Inequality database. By using different measures of inequality (Palma ratios and distribution figures), the study employed two ARDL models to test the long-run relationships with the purpose to ensure the robustness of the results. Likewise, two error correction models (ECM) were used to analyse the short-run dynamics between the variables. As a means of identifying the casual effects between the variables, a Toda-Yamamoto granger causality analysis was utilised. Keywords: ARDL, Inequality, Economic Globalisation; Social Globalisation; South Africa

scholarly journals Depression among health care students in the time of COVID-19: the mediating role of resilience in the hopelessness–depression relationship

2021 ◽  
pp. 008124632199445
Author(s):  
Tammy-lee Pretorius
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
National Level ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Health Care Students ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
First Case ◽  
Hopelessness Depression ◽  
The World

COVID-19 spread rapidly across the world, and by March 2020, the first case of COVID-19 was identified in South Africa. Lockdown-related measures such as restricted movement and isolation were implemented to contain the virus. Combined with these measures, factors such as economic decline, job losses, and food shortages can cause numerous mental health sequelae such as depression. Feelings of hopelessness and helplessness as well as cases of suicide have been reported around the world due to the pandemic and the associated feelings of anxiety and depression. The aims of this study were to investigate levels of hopelessness and depression in a sample of health care students. A random sample of students ( N = 174) enrolled in a health sciences programme at the University of the Western Cape completed the Beck Hopelessness Scale, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, and a three-item Resilience Scale. The results revealed high levels of hopelessness and depression compared to previously reported normative data for these scales. In addition, the indirect effects of hopelessness on depression were significant, demonstrating the mediating role of resilience in the hopelessness–depression relationship. These results highlight a call for universities to take proactive measures in providing students with free and easily accessible resources to help them cope and manage stress during a traumatic event. More importantly, at a national level, preventive measures should be implemented to strengthen resilience in young adults.

scholarly journals The Resolution of International Commercial Disputes – What Role (if any) for Continental Europe?

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Giesela Rühl
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
National Level ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Traditional Market ◽  
Commercial Courts

The past sixteen years have witnessed the proliferation of international commercial courts around the world. However, up until recently, this was largely an Asian and a Middle Eastern phenomenon. Only during the past decade have Continental European countries, notably Germany, France and the Netherlands, joined the bandwagon and started to create new judicial bodies for international commercial cases. Driven by the desire to attract high-volume commercial litigation, these bodies try to offer international businesses a better dispute settlement framework. But what are their chances of success? Will more international litigants decide to settle their disputes in these countries? In this essay, I argue that, despite its recently displayed activism, Continental Europe lags behind on international commercial courts. In fact, although the various European initiatives are laudable, most cannot compete with the traditional market leaders, especially the London Commercial Court, or with new rivals in Asia and the Middle East. If Continental Europe wants a role in the international litigation market, it must embrace more radical change. And this change will most likely have to happen on the European––not the national––level.

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