William of Ockham and Lorenzo Valla: False Friends. Semantics and Ontological Reduction

2003 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lodi Nauta
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Background ◽  
William Of Ockham ◽  
Ontological Reduction ◽  
Abstract Entities ◽  
The World

AbstractAt first glance, Lorenzo Valla has much in common with William of Ockham. Both see language as the key to an understanding of the world, criticizing realist ontologies which admit of various abstract entities. Modern scholars have therefore often argued that Valla's transformation of medieval metaphysics and logic is nominalist in spirit and continues Ockhamist nominalism. The article criticizes this widely held interpretation. At closer inspection, Valla's views on ontology and semantics are very different from Ockham's. Apart from the obvious differences in cultural background, they show widely different approaches, methods, and arguments at a more philosophical level.

Religion and Locality

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-168
Author(s):  
Hisanori Kato
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Background ◽  
Religious Movement ◽  
Local Culture ◽  
Social Setting ◽  
Muslim Country ◽  
The World ◽  
Nahdlatul Ulama ◽  
Indigenous Religions ◽  
Local Traditions ◽  
Local Languages

Indonesia is known for its multicultural social setting, with approximately three hundred local ethnicities and five hundred local languages. Religions also have infiltrated into the life of Indonesia. Among six officially recognized religions, Islam occupies the majority religion in the country, and the total number of Muslims is almost two hundred million. That makes Indonesia the most populous Muslim country in the world. However, we also know that the legacy of pre-Islamic civilizations, such as Hinduism, Buddhism, and indigenous religions, is still deeply rooted in Indonesian soil. With this socio-cultural background, Indonesian Islam has developed with the influence of local traditions. We see several Islamic rituals and practices that seem to have been "Indonesianized". Yet, this localized version of Islam is by no means favoured by more religiously strict Islamic groups. In 2015, Nahdlatul Ulama, the largest Islamic organization, launched the so-called Islam Nusantara movement, which upholds the essence of local culture in Islam. This newly-emerged religious movement also presents a profound question in relation to the authenticity of religion, that is, whether religions are able to maintain the "original" rituals and practices without historical,  geographical and regional influences. We will explore the development of the Islam Nusantara movement with this question in mind.

scholarly journals Analysis on the Impact of the Ideology Differences on Films — Take The Captain and Sullyas Examples

2021 ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
Weiyi Li ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Target Market ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Market Positioning ◽  
Social Ideology ◽  
The World ◽  
Similar Theme ◽  
The Impact

China and the United States share significant differences in social ideology and cultural backgrounds, resulting in many differences in narrative, humanistic expression, communication and target market positioning of films with the similar theme. This essay takes The Captain and Sully as examples. Through analysis and summary, the writer finds that the differences in social ideology and cultural background have an impact on the narrative tactic, target market, the production, and the circulation strategy of films. For example, at the narrative theme level, The Captain is country-centered, while Sully pays more attention to the inner changes of the characters. In terms of production, The Captain pays more attention to the excitement brought to the audience watching the movie, while Sully pays more attention to the movie story itself. In the choice of target market, the target market of The Captain is positioned in China, while Sully positioned in the world. The distinctive choices of plot and theme of the two films reflect the differences in cultures and ideologies of the two countries. The purpose of this essay is to provide film workers with new creative ideas through analysis, and to lead readers to think.

Fiji

2015 ◽  
pp. 1246-1270
Author(s):  
Hansdeep Singh ◽  
Jaspreet Singh ◽  
Marjory D. Fields
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Democratic Process ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Conflict Zones ◽  
Public Spheres ◽  
The World ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Forms Of Violence

Fiji is a very interesting case for studying the bridges between private and public spheres and social and cultural background. Despite its idyllic setting and concentration of resources, Fiji has one of the highest rates of violence against women, outside of conflict zones, in the world. The state, legal system, and society have simply failed to protect the women against different forms of violence and discrimination. The lack of parliamentary democratic process certainly has contributed to the deplorable situation. After analyzing the roots of the problem, the authors introduce comprehensive policy recommendations to help rectify the situation. The problems in Fiji are rather extreme, and there is a lot to learn for everyone about the weakness of state and institutions to perform some of their most fundamental functions.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI ACCESSIBLE TOURISM DI TMII JAKARTA

Jurnal IPTA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Nurul Sukma Lestari ◽  
Rachel Dyah Wiastuti ◽  
Ika Triana
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
Small Children ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Cultures

Indonesia is a big country consisting of various tribes and has different cultures from one to another. From this came the idea to create a tourist site with a cultural background. Taman Mini Indonesia Indah is a tourist attraction established since 1975, an attraction with the theme of Indonesian culture. Taman Mini Indonesia Indah is still a tourist destination that has been chosen by many families. Likewise, schools that still do a lot of tourist visits for study tours Visitors to Taman Mini Indonesia Indah are still the second most in Jakarta. With the development of tourism, the concept of tourism for all it becomes an absolute necessity. Because throughout the world there is also a very significant increase in the number of tourists, and ten percent have special needs including elderly people, tourists with small children, pregnant women, tourists with permanent and temporary disabilities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find out to what extent Taman Mini Indonesia Indah has implemented accessibility in tourism in accordance with standards set by the UNWTO. The method used is descriptive qualitative, where data is obtained through field research, documentation, checklists and literature studies. The results of the study are found that vertical movements still need to be improved because visitors using a wheelchair cannot enjoy all the regional platforms. And the suggestion from the research is to continue to improve the facilities so that everyone can access them by adding braille letters to the brochure and adding audio announcements to every tourist attraction.

Activities: Line and Rotational Symmetry

1991 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-302
Author(s):  
Nancy Whitman
Keyword(s):  
Rotational Symmetry ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Evaluation Standards ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Classroom Activities ◽  
The World

Introduction: The NCTM's Curriculum and Evaluation Standards (NCTM 1989) recom- mends that teachers connect mathematics to the world outside the classroom. Classroom activities should afford students the opportunity to work individually as well as in small- and large-group arrangements. Teachers should furnish experiences that enhance students' ability to communicate in mathematics and that integrate the students' cultural background into the learning of mathematics. The activities described in this article respond to these recommendations. They were designed for students in Hawaii, but all students can benefit from doing them.

scholarly journals BENTUK ISLAM FAKTUAL: KARAKTER DAN TIPOLOGI ISLAM INDONESIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Irham Yuwanamu
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Research Results ◽  
The Social ◽  
Clifford Geertz ◽  
The World ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Transnational Islam ◽  
Object Of Study

<p>Artikel<strong> </strong>ini<strong> </strong>berupaya menjelaskan terkait dengan Islam faktual sebagai keniscayaan yang terjadi kepada umat Islam. Bahwasanya Islam faktual merupakan bentuk keberagamaan umat muslim di dunia yang dapat dipengaruhi oleh latar sosial dan budaya masyarakat. Islam faktual dapat terjadi perbedaan di antara umat muslim yang satu dengan yang lainnya. Dalam artikel ini Islam faktual yang menjadi kajian adalah Islam Indonesia. Pertanyaan yang ingin dijawab adalah bagaimana karakter dan tipologi Islam Indonesia? Kesimpulan yang ditemukannya, bahwa karakter Islam Indonesia adalah <em>wasatiyah</em> dan tipologinya adalah akomodatif dengan sosio-kultur di masyarakat. Kemudian tipologi yang dikemukakan oleh Clifford Geertz dalam hal ini sudah tidak relevan lagi, khususnya untuk menggambarkan Islam Jawa sebagai contoh Islam Indonesia. Selanjutnya era kontemporer ini Islam Indonesia sebagian kecil mengalami pergeseran orientasi ke arah Islam transnasional, yakni Islam yang <em>bermanhaj</em> <em>salafi</em>. Artikel ini merupakan sebuah kajian literatur yang menggunakan bahan-bahan hasil penelitian terkait dengan tema yang menjadi objek kajian. </p><p> </p><p>This article efforts to explain the associated with Islam factual as a necessity that happened to the Muslims. That Islam factual is a form of religious Muslims in the world who could be affected by the social and cultural background. Islam factual can occur differences between Muslims with each other. In this article the Islam factual  become to be studied is Islam Indonesian. Questions to be answered is how the characters and the typology of Indonesian Islam? The conclusion that the discovery, that the character of Islam Indonesian is wasatiyah and typology is accommodating to the socio-culture in society. Then typology proposed by Clifford Geertz in this case was no longer relevant, particularly to describe Islam Java as an example. Furthermore, this contemporary era Islam Indonesian in part experienced a shift in orientation toward transnational Islam, namely that Islam salafi manhaj. This article is a literature review using materials research results related to the theme that became the object of study.</p>

scholarly journals Satire in Merlinda Bobis’ Banana Heart Summer

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherill A. Gilbas
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Background ◽  
Social Realism ◽  
Contextual Analysis ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Societal Problems

Hornedo, a literature icon asserts that “A piece of literature documents the world and the worldview of its author.” Accordingly, some literary pieces can provide information on the socio-political and cultural background of a certain society. Anchored on this premise, this paper aimed to identify the aesthetics of satire in Merlinda Bobis’ Banana Heart Summer. It also sought to unveil the novel’s message and the author’s manner of criticizing the novel’s social setup. Specifically, it sought to describe the novel’s theme, tone, structure and style, as well as the socio-political and cultural aspects using food as primary trope. The paper also aimed to present the reality frame of the depicted societal problems of the Filipinos in general and those of Bicolanos in particular. The formalist theory was applied in the treatment of material, which is a satire, and being so, the researcher also applied defamiliarization theory, through devices such as tropes and social realism, as it forms part of the aesthetics of satire that can help identify the ideology behind the author’s work. The researcher grouped the identified satirical techniques into five: exaggeration, incongruity, parody, reversal, and defamiliarization.  In conclusion, this paper asserts that Bobis wrote the material for the readers to see the flaws of the society; alongside, she also implicitly offers a solution or presents the possibility of curing the social ills highlighted in the novel. Keywords—Literature, aesthetics of satire, defamiliarization, Banana heart summer, Bicolanos,  Filipinos,  formalist-contextual analysis, Philippines

scholarly journals Western Immigration in the fourteenth-century Golden Horde: The Case of Venetian Tana

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-107
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Pubblici ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sea Of Azov ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Associative Model ◽  
Western Population ◽  
The Sea Of Azov ◽  
The World

Objective: This paper’s aim is to reconstruct the Western population of Venetian Tana in the fourteenth century, the residents’ perception of their condition as “mig­rants”, and finally this population’s interactions with the other communities who lived there. Research materials: The sources used are primarily the notarial deeds of the Venice State Archive together with the vast and excellent scholarship produced in recent decades. Research results and novelty: For over two centuries the settlement of Tana, situated in the territory of the Golden Horde, represented the easternmost outpost of the Latin emporia in the Levant. Here, the utilitarian concept of the Western urban mercantile class found itself confronted with a new experience. This group was a minority living in close contact with larger, cohesive communities whose cultural background was extremely diverse. Those who emigrated east were mainly the emerging urban bourgeoisie, but also families of ancient noble origin who had nothing in common with the world of the Steppe and its traditional roots. These citizens came to the Levant, bringing with them the urban associative model. The life of the settlement at the mouth of the river Don is an ideal basis for observing the flow of people who left Venice and its surroundings on galleys and, after months of travel, arrived on the shores of the Sea of Azov.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of Chinese and British Consumers’ Consumption Behaviours and Attitudes Toward Fast-Fashion Brand as Zara and H&M

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Shan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Chinese Consumers ◽  
Fast Fashion ◽  
Consumption Behavior ◽  
Fashion Brand ◽  
The World ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Major Factors

With emerging of economy and increasing awareness, fast-fashion consumption has been a popular trend around the globe. With features of rapid updating speed, competitive capability and unerring insight, fast-fashion brand consumption had been a regular experience for people in the world. However, owning to different consumption perception and cultural background, attitude towards fast-fashion brands varied from one country to another. Therefore, this research was aimed to conduct a comparative analysis on consumption behavior and attitude about fast-fashion brands between Chinese consumers and British consumers. By means of distributing questionnaires to Chinese consumers and British consumers respectively, this research figured out the similarities and differences in relation to consumption behavior and attitude between Chinese consumers and British consumers. Moreover, major factors were explored to analyze their influence on consumption behavior and attitude of consumers. Finally, with the help of research result and its analysis, effective measures were put forward to help fast-fashion brands to motivate Chinese consumers and British consumers to have fast-fashion brand consumption.

scholarly journals Summary of Research on Patterns of Unearthed Ancient Woolen Fabrics in Xinjiang

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Xiaojuan Mao
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Background ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Research Cooperation ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultural Relics

The woolen fabrics relics unearthed in Xinjiang have always drawn double attention of domestic and foreign professionals, which have been carrying out a series of research works in the region from the past till nowadays. With the development of the society and the progress of science and technologies, the archeological and cultural relics of Xinjiang have also gradually come to the world, on which the research cooperation between Chinese and foreign professionals also grows. Archeology in Xinjiang fabric relics has also made great achievements. With the devoted work of these experts and scholars, a large number of fabric relics unearthed in Xinjiang have the chance to be presented to the world. Through their research, I have a more comprehensive understanding of the ancient woolen fabrics unearthed in Xinjiang, as well as the patterns, historical and cultural background. It provides technical and artistic guidance on the contents, objectives and scope of the research topics.

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